This document groups the nobility in the southern part of the duchy of Normandy, corresponding approximately to the present-day départements of Eure and Orne.

Chapter 1. ALENÇON

A. SEIGNEURS d'ALENÇON (SEIGNEURS de BELLÊME)

The diocese of Séez, to the south of Bayeux and Lisieux, included, approximately from west to east, the pagus Oximensis (Hiémois), the pagus Sagiensis (Séez) where the county of Alençon later evolved, the pagus Epicensis, and the pagus Corbonensis (Corbonnais) which developed into the county of Perche. The diocese of Lisieux contained only the pagus Lexoviensis (le Lieuvin), bound on the north by the river Charentonne and the sea, on the east by the river Risle, and on the west by the river Dive. It included the lands later granted to Giroie and his family, and the doyennés of Gacé and Montreuil[1]. All these areas are grouped together in the present document.

Bellême was a fief held directly from the French crown[2]. The seigneurs de Bellême acquired the lordship of Alençon, located in the south of the duchy of Normandy close to the border with the county of Maine. The process whereby the lordship of Alençon evolved into the county of Alençon appears to have been accidental, occurring in the second half of the 12th century when the inheritance of Guillaume Comte de Ponthieu was divided between his sons. His eldest son Jean received his father’s Norman lands, including the lordship of Alençon which had been brought into the family by his paternal great-grandmother, and had retained his father’s comital title and applied it to Alençon, presumably with the acquiescence of his suzerain Henry II King of England (no reference to a formal regrant of the lordship as a county has been identified).

1. FULCOIN . "Ivo" founded the chapel of l'Abbayette for the souls of "patris mei Fulconii et matris meæ Rothais" by charter dated 12 Oct 997[3]. m ROTHAIS, daughter of ---. "Ivo" founded the chapel of l'Abbayette, with the consent of "duarum…sororum mearum Billehendis atque Eremburgis…duorum avunculorum, Seinfredi episcopi et Guillelmi, atque cognatorum Guillelmi clerici, Roberti, Sutsardi, rursusque Guillelmi laïci", for the souls of "patris mei Fulconii et matris meæ Rothais" by charter dated 12 Oct 997[4]. If “avunculorum” in this charter can be interpreted in its strict sense of maternal uncles, Rothais, mother of the donor Ives, was the sister of the brothers Seinfred Bishop of Le Mans and Guillaume. Fulcoin & his wife had three children:

a) IVES (-after 12 Oct 997). "Ivo" founded the chapel of l'Abbayette, with the consent of "duarum…sororum mearum Billehendis atque Eremburgis…duorum avunculorum, Seinfredi episcopi et Guillelmi, atque cognatorum Guillelmi clerici, Roberti, Sutsardi, rursusque Guillelmi laïci", for the souls of "patris mei Fulconii et matris meæ Rothais" by charter dated 12 Oct 997, witnessed by "Hugonis comitis, Radulfi vicecomitis"[5].

b) BILEHENDIS (-after 12 Oct 997). "Ivo" founded the chapel of l'Abbayette, with the consent of "duarum…sororum mearum Billehendis atque Eremburgis…" by charter dated 12 Oct 997[6].

c) EREMBURGIS (-after 12 Oct 997). "Ivo" founded the chapel of l'Abbayette, with the consent of "duarum…sororum mearum Billehendis atque Eremburgis…" by charter dated 12 Oct 997[7]. Depoin suggests that Eremburgis married Raoul [III] Vicomte du Maine (see the document MAINE & VENDÔME)[8]. This suggestion appears to be pure speculation.

Given the many examples of quasi-hereditary episcopal appointments in the 10th/11th centuries (see for example the documents REIMS ARCHBISHOPRIC and TOURS ARCHBISHOPRIC), a close family relationship between the preceding family and the family of Ives Seigneur de Bellême is suggested because Ives de Bellême’s son Avesgaud succeeded Bishop Seinfrid, probable maternal uncle of Ives who founded l’Abbayette in 997, as bishop of Le Mans. This is supported by the Actus pontificum Cenomannis which records the installation of "Avesgaudus, nepos ipsius" as bishop of Le Mans after the death of "Segenfrido" (in [997])[9]. Assuming that Guillaume of Jumièges correctly reports the events involving Ives de Bellême, dated to [942/43], as quoted below, it appears unlikely that he was the same person as the founder of l’Abbayette: an adult career spanning more than fifty years appears improbable at that time. The chronology of the successive bishops of Le Mans also appears incompatible with Bishop Avesgaud having been the great-nephew of Bishop Seinfrid:

- Bishop Seinfrid (born before [940/50]?), appointed as bishop in 971.

- Bishop Avesgaud (born before [960/70]?), appointed in [997].

- Bishop Gervais (de Château-du-Loir, nephew of Bishop Avesgaud, born 1007), appointed as bishop in 1036.

A more likely possibility is that the family relationship between Bishops Seinfrid and Avesgaud was through the female line: for example, from a chronological point of view, it would be possible for Godehildis, wife of Ives de Bellême, to have been the sister of Rothais, mother of Ives who founded l’Abbayette.

1. IVES [de Creil] . Guillaume of Jumièges records that Louis IV King of the West Franks, after the death of Richard’s father, marched on Rouen, was received by “Rodulphus et Bernardus atque Anslech totius Normannici ducatus tutores”, and captured Richard, who was taken to Laon but was freed by “Osmundus...consilio cum Yvone patre Willelmi de Belismo” and taken to “Silvanectis” where “Bernardus...comes” protected “nepotem suum Richardum”[10]. If correctly reported, this event must be dated to [942/43]. Orderic Vitalis reports the same event, recording that "Osmundus, pueri pædagogus, per Ivonem de Credolio, regis balistarium" freed the captive[11], but makes no connection with Guillaume de Bellême. Le Prévost suggests that “Credolio” in this passage was Creil near Senlis. Seigneur de Bellême {Mortagne, Orne}, du Saosnais, du Passais et de Sées. "Ivo...in castro meo Bellismo" founded Notre-Dame de Bellême, for the souls of himself "conjugisque mee Godehildis, sive filiis meis vel genitoribus meis", by undated charter[12]. André de Fleury’s Vita Gauzlini records that “Ivo Belesmensis” donated “Magniacum” to Fleury, but that after his death “Willelmus eius filius” reclaimed the property[13]. This passage has been taken in secondary sources as indicating that Ives died after [1005], when Gaucelin became abbot of Fleury. However, it is not evident from the text that Ives made his donation during the abbacy of Gaucelin, rather it may have been the diversion of the property by his son which took place while Gaucelin was abbot. From a chronological point of view, it would be surprising if Ives was still alive in [1005], assuming that the reports of Guillaume de Jumiéges and Orderic Vitalis, quoted above, accurately report his participation in events in [942/43]. [m firstly ---. This first marriage is suggested by the distinction between “soror” and “germana”, terms used by Ives’s son Avesgaud to describe his two sisters in the charter dated [1100] quoted below. Use of both terms in ther same document suggests that a distinction was intended. If that is correct, Avesgaud’s “soror” Hildeburge would have been born from a different marriage of his father, whereas his “germana” Godehildis would have been his full sister. Another possibility is that the two terms were used indiscriminately by the author of the document to add literary variety to his text and were not intended to indicate different meanings.] m [secondly] GODEHILDIS, daughter of ---. "Ivo" founded Notre-Dame de Bellême, for the souls of himself "conjugisque mee Godehildis, sive filiis meis vel genitoribus meis", by undated charter, confirmed after his death by "Willelmus et Godehildis mater mea"[14]. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records the installation of [her son] "Avesgaudus, nepos ipsius" as Bishop of Le Mans after the death of "Segenfrido" (in [997])[15]. This suggests that Godehildis may have been the sister of Bishop Seinfrid. Ives & his [first/second] wife had one child:

a) HILDEBURGE de Bellême (-27 Oct ----). The possibility that Hildeburge was born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage of her father is discussed above. Avesgaud Bishop of Le Mans gave the church of Parigné-l'Evèque and Loué to "unam Hildeburgi sorori suæ primogenitæ et alteram Godehilde germanæ suæ secundæ" by charter dated [1000][16]. [Her son] Bishop Gervais names "avunculi mei Avesgaudi…genitoris cum genetrice mea Haimonis et Hildeburga" in his testament dated [1040/47], which also specifies that "avunculi mei domini Avesgaudi episcopi" died "apud Verdunis VI Kal Nov" on returning from Jerusalem, that "sororis eius, matris mee Hyldeburge" died the same day that "patris mei Haimonis" died "XVIII Kal Feb", and that he was ordained "XIV Kal Jan"[17]. m (1006 or before) HAMON [Hamelin] de Château-du-Loir, son of --- (-15 Jan [1030]).

Ivo & his [second] wife had four children:

b) GUILLAUME de Bellême (-[1031]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that Robert II Duke of Normandy besieged “Willelmus Belesmensis, Yvonis filius...ex castro Alentio quod beneficio tenebat iure”, who had rebelled, and forced his submission (although he rebelled again later)[18]. Seigneur de Bellême. Seigneur d'Alençon.

- see below.

c) IVES de Bellême (-after [1031]). "Avesgaudus…Cenomannensium presul, meusque frater Ivo" donated property to Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated to [995/1032][19]. "Rotberti filii Wilelmi, Ivo suus avunculus" donated property to Notre-Dame de Bellême by undated charter[20]. Abelin lists his donations of property at Le Mans to Marmoutier by charter dated [1064/10 May 1065], naming "Ivonis de Belismo [et] filiis illius Guilelmo, Avesgaudo præsule atque Ivone"[21].

d) AVESGAUD de Bellême (-Verdun 27 Oct 1035). Abelin lists his donations of property at Le Mans to Marmoutier by charter dated [1064/10 May 1065], naming "Ivonis de Belismo [et] filiis illius Guilelmo, Avesgaudo præsule atque Ivone"[22]. Bishop of Le Mans [997]. The Actus pontificum Cenomannis records the installation of "Avesgaudus, nepos ipsius" as Bishop of Le Mans after the death of "Segenfrido" (in [997])[23]. "Avesgaudus…Cenomannensium presul, meusque frater Ivo" donated property to Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated to [995/1032][24]. Bishop Gervais names "avunculi mei Avesgaudi…genitoris cum genetrice mea Haimonis et Hildeburga" in his testament dated [1040/47], which also specifies that "avunculi mei domini Avesgaudi episcopi" died "apud Verdunis VI Kal Nov" on returning from Jerusalem, that "sororis eius, matris mee Hyldeburge" died the same day that "patris mei Haimonis" died "XVIII Kal Feb", and that he was ordained "XIV Kal Jan"[25].

e) GODEHILDIS de Bellême . Avesgaud Bishop of Le Mans gave the church of Parigné-l'Evèque and Loué to "unam Hildeburgi sorori suæ primogenitæ et alteram Godehilde germanæ suæ secundæ" by charter dated [1000][26]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. "Rodulfus…Cenomannus vicecomes…mee bone coniugis Godehelt…filio Rodulfo" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Victeur du Mans by charter dated to [994][27]. No direct proof has been identified that this is the same Godehildis, but it appears likely to be correct. m [firstly] ALBERT [I] de la Ferté-en-Beauce {la Ferté-Vidame, Eure-et-Loir}, son of ---. [m secondly RAOUL [II] Vicomte du Maine, son of --- (-before 1014).] Godehildis & her [first] husband had one child:

i) ALBERT [II] de la Ferté-en-Beauce . Motey names Albert as son of Godehildis and her first husband, stating that he became a monk at Jumièges after his wife died and was elected abbé de Saint-Etienne et de Saint-Mesmin near Orléans, but cites no primary source[28]. Abbot at Micy. m (before 989) --- de Châteaudun, daughter of HUGUES Vicomte de Châteaudun & his wife Hildegarde du Perche. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Albert & his wife had one child:

(a) ARNOUL de la Ferté-en-Beauce (-1053). "Arnulphus ex nobili Alençoniorum et Bellismensium comitum genere, nepos Avesgaudi et consobrinus Gervasii" was elected archbishop of Tours[29]. Archbishop of Tours 1023.

GUILLAUME [I] de Bellême, son of IVES Seigneur de Bellême & his wife Godehildis --- (-[1031]). André de Fleury’s Vita Gauzlini records that “Ivo Belesmensis” donated “Magniacum” to Fleury, but that after his death “Willelmus eius filius” reclaimed the property, and in a later passage that “Willelmus Belesmensis” donated “abbatiam Longeilegium” [Lonlay, Le Mans][30]. Seigneur d'Alençon. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Robert II Duke of Normandy besieged “Willelmus Belesmensis, Yvonis filius...ex castro Alentio quod beneficio tenebat iure”, who had rebelled, and forced his submission (although he rebelled again later)[31]. "Ivo" founded Notre-Dame de Bellême, for the souls of himself "conjugisque mee Godehildis, sive filiis meis vel genitoribus meis", by undated charter, confirmed after his death by "Willelmus et Godehildis mater mea"[32]. He founded the abbey of Dame-Marie [1023/26][33]. Europäische Stammtafeln[34] inserts an additional generation between "Guillaume de Belesme, fils d'Yves" and the four brothers who are reported by Guillaume de Jumièges as his sons: "Guillaume [I] "Talvas" "princeps" de Bellême, Sire d'Alençon, 1004-1013 iuvenis, erbaut Domfront, gründet um 1020 abbaye de Lonlay (-Domfront [1031], bur Notre-Dame-sur-l'Eau" recording his wife as "Mathilde, [1020]". From a chronological point of view, this appears unlikely to be correct, especially if the two brothers Ives Bishop of Sées and Robert were sons of the older Guillaume as shown in the same table of Europäische Stammtafeln (see below). The primary sources on which this is based have not yet been identified, but until more information emerges it appears preferable to show this family as reported by Guillaume de Jumièges. La Chronique Manuscrite de Normandie records that Robert II Duke of Normandy granted Alençon to "à Belesme ung seigneur nommé Guillaume" who rebelled against the duke who besieged the castle and captured Guillaume[35].

m MATHILDE Dame de Condé-sur-Noireau, daughter of ---. La Chronique Manuscrite de Normandie states that the mother of the sons of "à Belesme ung seigneur nommé Guillaume" was "Mehault du lignaige de Guennelon"[36]. The primary source which confirms her family origin more precisely has not yet been identified.

Guillaume & his wife had five children:

1. WARIN [Guérin] de Bellême (-murdered 1026). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Warinum et Fulconem, Robertum et Willelmum” as the four sons of “Willelmus Belesmensis, Yvonis filius...ex castro Alentio quod beneficio tenebat iure”, who was “crudelis et cupidus” as were all his sons, adding that Warin beheaded “Gunherium de Belismo militem” and was strangled[37]. Seigneur de Domfront. m ---. The name of Guérin's wife is not known. Guérin & his wife had one child:

a) ADELISE de Bellême . Her parentage is suggested by Orderic Vitalis who records that the great-grandfather of Rotrou [III] Comte du Perche was Guerin "quem dæmones suffocaverunt"[38]. It is also suggested by the reference in the same source to her son Geoffroy having a justified claim to Domfront, a castle which had been constructed by Adelise’s paternal grandfather. The source which confirms her name has not been identified. m ROTROU [I] Vicomte de Châteaudun, son of GEOFFROY Vicomte de Châteaudun & his wife Helvis [Elisabeth] de Corbon (-1 Mar [1080]). Comte de Mortagne 1058.

Guérin had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

b) RAOUL de Bellême (-after 28 May 1053). Ives Bishop of Sées confirmed the sale of the church of Courgains, with the consent of "fratre episcopi Willelmo, et Oliverio et Warino et Rodulfo episcopi nepotibus", by charter dated 28 May 1053[39]. A later charter of Abbé Avesgaud summarises the sale, stating that it was made with the consent of "episcopi Sagiensis, Ivonis nomine, et Willelmi fratris predicti Sagiensis episcopi…etiam Warino et Willelmo filiis Roberti, Olivario Willelmi filio, Radulfi filio Warini, et Seginfredo filio Willelmi de Bellisimo"[40].

2. FOULQUES de Bellême (-killed in battle forest of Blavon [1027/35], bur Notre-Dame de Bellême). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Warinum et Fulconem, Robertum et Willelmum” as the four sons of “Willelmus Belesmensis, Yvonis filius...ex castro Alentio quod beneficio tenebat iure”, who was “crudelis et cupidus” as were all his sons, adding that their father during a later rebellion sent “filios suos Fulconem atque Robertum” to pillage Normandy, that they were defeated “intra saltum Blavonis” where Foulques was killed and Robert wounded[41].

3. ROBERT de Bellême (-murdered Château de Ballon [1031/35]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Warinum et Fulconem, Robertum et Willelmum” as the four sons of “Willelmus Belesmensis, Yvonis filius...ex castro Alentio quod beneficio tenebat iure”, who was “crudelis et cupidus” as were all his sons, adding that their father during a later rebellion sent “filios suos Fulconem atque Robertum” to pillage Normandy, that they were defeated “intra saltum Blavonis” where Foulques was killed and Robert wounded[42]. Seigneur de Bellême. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Robertus Willelmi Belesmensis potestatis hæres et crudelitatis” was captured during an expedition “ultra Sartem a Cenomanensibus” and imprisoned for two years “apud Balaum castrum” where he was killed by the sons of “Walterium de Sordenia...militem” in revenge for the murder of their father, possibly dated to the early 1030s from the context of the passage[43]. "Rotberti filii Wilelmi, Ivo suus avunculus" donated property to Notre-Dame de Bellême by undated charter[44]. Robert had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:

a) GUERIN (-after 1067). Ives Bishop of Sées confirmed the sale of the church of Courgains, with the consent of "fratre episcopi Willelmo, et Oliverio et Warino et Rodulfo episcopi nepotibus", by charter dated 28 May 1053[45]. A charter of Abbé Avesgaud summarises the sale, stating that it was made with the consent of "episcopi Sagiensis, Ivonis nomine, et Willelmi fratris predicti Sagiensis episcopi…etiam Warino et Willelmo filiis Roberti, Olivario Willelmi filio, Radulfi filio Warini, et Seginfredo filio Willelmi de Bellisimo"[46]. "Warino et Willelmus nepotibus Ivonis episcopi…" subscribed the charter dated 6 Dec 1067 which recorded that the church of Saint-Martin de Bellême was granted to Marmoutier[47].

b) GUILLAUME (-after 1067). A charter of Abbé Avesgaud summarises the sale, stating that it was made with the consent of "episcopi Sagiensis, Ivonis nomine, et Willelmi fratris predicti Sagiensis episcopi…etiam Warino et Willelmo filiis Roberti, Olivario Willelmi filio, Radulfi filio Warini, et Seginfredo filio Willelmi de Bellisimo"[48]. "Warino et Willelmus nepotibus Ivonis episcopi…" subscribed the charter dated 6 Dec 1067 which recorded that the church of Saint-Martin de Bellême was granted to Marmoutier[49].

4. GUILLAUME [II] "Talvas" de Bellême (-after [1050/54]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Warinum et Fulconem, Robertum et Willelmum” as the four sons of “Willelmus Belesmensis, Yvonis filius...ex castro Alentio quod beneficio tenebat iure”, who was “crudelis et cupidus” as were all his sons[50]. "Guillelmus de Belismo" founded the church of Saint-Léonard de Bellême by charter dated to [1023/27][51]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus Talvacius frater eius” succeeded after “Robertus Willelmi Belesmensis potestatis hæres et crudelitatis” was killed, adding that he was worse than his brothers in his crimes (“cunctis fratribus suis in omnibus flagitiis deterior fuit”)[52]. Seigneur d'Alençon. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus cognomento Talavatius” succeeded “Roberti fratris sui” with the help particularly of “Willelmi filii Geroii”[53]. "…Willelmus filius Guillelmi…" witnessed the charter dated to [1042] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy donated "nostras insulas Serc et Aurrene, propter medietatem Grenere" to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel, supported by "Rannulfo filio Anschitilli"[54]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Willermus cognomento Talavicius Willermi Belesmensis filius” invited Guillaume Giroie to his marriage, where he was blinded, emasculated, and his ears cut off[55]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Arnulfus...filius eius” [referring to Guillaume [II] “Talvas”] rebelled against his father whom he expelled and sent into exile[56]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus Talavatius”, after he was exiled, arranged the marriage of “filiam suam...Mabiliam” to “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri” who received him in his household[57]. m firstly HILDEBURGE, daughter of ARNOUL & his wife ---. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus cognomento Talavatius” married “Hildeburge...filiam Arnulfi” by whom he had “Arnulfum et Mabiliam” and whom he had strangled “a duobus parasitis”[58]. m secondly ---, daughter of RAOUL [IV] Vicomte du Maine & his first wife Emma de Montevrault Dame de Lude. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus cognomento Talavatius” married secondly “filiam Rodulfi vicecomitis de Bellomonte”[59]. Guillaume [II] & his first wife had two children:

a) ARNOUL de Bellême (-murdered). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus cognomento Talavatius” married “Hildeburge...filiam Arnulfi” by whom he had “Arnulfum et Mabiliam” and whom he had strangled “a duobus parasitis”[60]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Arnulfus...filius eius” [referring to Guillaume [II] “Talvas”] rebelled against his father whom he expelled and sent into exile, but was later strangled in his bed[61].

b) MABILE (-murdered Bures 2 Dec 1079, bur 5 Dec 1079 Troarn). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus cognomento Talavatius” married “Hildeburge...filiam Arnulfi” by whom he had “Arnulfum et Mabiliam” and whom he had strangled “a duobus parasitis”[62]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Ivo filius Willermi Belesmensis...neptem...Mabiliam” married "Rogerius de Monte-Gomerici Oximensium vicecomes" who through her obtained "magnam partem possessionis Willermi Belesmensis", adding that Mabile was "a forceful and worldly woman, cunning, garrulous and extremely cruel" (“potens et sæcularis, callida et loquax, nimiumque crudelis”)[63]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus Talavatius”, after he was exiled, arranged the marriage of “filiam suam...Mabiliam” to “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri” who received him in his household[64]. "Rogerius comes…et sua uxor Mabilia atque suus filius Rotbertus" donated property to Notre-Dame de Bellême by charter dated to [1070/79][65]. Orderic Vitalis records that she was murdered by Hugh Bunel, son of Robert "de Jalgeio" from whom she had taken his castle, who found her "relaxing in bed after a bath [and] struck off her head with his sword"[66]. "Roger ex Northmannis Northmannus son of Roger" donated property to St Martin, Troarn for the soul of "his wife Mabel lately deceased" by charter dated to [1079/82], subscribed by "Rogerii comitis, Rotberti filii eius, Hugonis, Rogerii, Philippi, Arnulfis [filiorum eius]"[67]. m ([1050/54]) ROGER [II] de Montgommery, son of ROGER [I] de Montgommery Seigneur de Montgommery and Vicomte de l'Hiémois & his wife Josceline --- (-Shrewsbury 27 Jul 1094, bur Shrewsbury Abbey). Seigneur d'Alençon. He was created Earl of Shrewsbury in 1074.

Guillaume [II] had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

c) OLIVIER de Mesle (-after 28 May 1053). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Arnulfus...filius eius” [referring to Guillaume [II] “Talvas”] rebelled against his father whom he expelled and sent into exile, but was later strangled in his bed, it being suspected that he was killed “ab Olivaro germano suo”[68]. It is assumed that he was illegitimate as the same source in another passage names the two children of Guillaume [II] by his first wife. Ives Bishop of Sées confirmed the sale of the church of Courgains, with the consent of "fratre episcopi Willelmo, et Oliverio et Warino et Rodulfo episcopi nepotibus", by charter dated 28 May 1053[69]. A later charter of Abbé Avesgaud summarises the sale, stating that it was made with the consent of "episcopi Sagiensis, Ivonis nomine, et Willelmi fratris predicti Sagiensis episcopi…etiam Warino et Willelmo filiis Roberti, Olivario Willelmi filio, Radulfi filio Warini, et Seginfredo filio Willelmi de Bellisimo"[70]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln, he left descendants known as "Oison"[71], but the primary source which confirms this statement has not yet been identified.

5. IVES de Bellême (-5 Apr 1070, bur Sées). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[72], he was the son of Guillaume de Bellême, son of "Guillaume de Belesme, fils d'Yves", the table specifying that he was "Sagiensis episcopus Wilhelmi scilicet domini de Bellismo filius" and "avunculus Rodberti filii Guillelmi". From a chronological point of view, this appears unlikely to be correct. Bishop of Sées 1035. Orderic Vitalis records that “Ivo filius Willermi Belesmensis” in "diebus Willermi ducis Normanniæ" held "Sagiensem episcopatum", and succeeded to “hæreditario jure ex paterna...Belesmense oppidum” after the deaths of “fratribus suis Warino et Rodberto atque Willermo”[73]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Ivo patruus eius Sagiensis episcopus” inherited “Belesmiæ castrum” after the death of [his nephew] Arnoul[74]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Ivo...Sagiensis episcopus” besieged “Richardus atque Robertus et Avesgotus filii Willelmi cognomine Sorengi” in the church of Saint-Gervais, which they had occupied after they had devastated “omnem circa Sagium patriam”, and forced them to flight, the following chapter describing how each of the three brothers died[75]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of “Ivone...Sagiensium præsule”, “Rodbertus Huberti de Ria filius” was appointed and was bishop for twelve years, dated to 1070[76].

Guillaume [I] had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

6. SIFRIDUS de Bellême . A charter of Abbé Avesgaud summarises the sale of the church of Courgains, stating that it was made with the consent of "episcopi Sagiensis, Ivonis nomine, et Willelmi fratris predicti Sagiensis episcopi…etiam Warino et Willelmo filiis Roberti, Olivario Willelmi filio, Radulfi filio Warini, et Seginfredo filio Willelmi de Bellisimo"[77]. Seigneur d'Escures, du Bouillon, de la Chapelle-près-Sées et de Congé.

B. SEIGNEURS d'ALENÇON, COMTES d'ALENÇON, MONTGOMMERY-PONTHIEU

ROBERT de Montgommery "de Bellême", son of ROGER [II] de Montgommery Seigneur d'Alençon, Earl of Shropshire and Shrewsbury & his wife Mabile d'Alençon ([1052/56]-[Wareham Castle] 8 May [1131 or later], bur [Wareham Castle]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[78]. He is referred to as his mother's "first-born son" by Orderic Vitalis, who says his "name is now a byword for his cruelty to the wretched peasantry"[79]. Seigneur de Bellême et Seigneur d'Alençon. Earl of Shropshire and Shrewsbury.

1. GUILLAUME "Talvas" de Ponthieu (-30 Jun 1171). He is named, and his parentage given, by Orderic Vitalis[80]. He succeeded his father [4 Mar 1106/1110][81] as Comte de Ponthieu.

a) JEAN [I] de Ponthieu (-24 Feb 1191). Robert of Torigny records that Henry II King of England granted "castrum Alenceium et Rocam Mabiriæ" to "Willermus Talavacius comes Sagiensis et filius eius Johannes et iterum Johannes nepos eius filius Guidonis primogeniti sui comitis Pontivi" in 1166[82]. Comte d'Alençon.

- see below.

b) other children: see PONTHIEU.

2. other children: see PONTHIEU.

JEAN [I] de Ponthieu, son of GUILLAUME [I] "Talvas" Comte de Ponthieu & his wife Hélie de Bourgogne [Capet] (-24 Feb 1191). Robert of Torigny records that Henry II King of England granted "castrum Alenceium et Rocam Mabiriæ" to "Willermus Talavacius comes Sagiensis et filius eius Johannes et iterum Johannes nepos eius filius Guidonis primogeniti sui comitis Pontivi" in 1166[83]. Comte d'Alençon. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1171 of "Guillermus Talavercius comes Pontivi" and the succession of "Johannes comes filius eius" in the lands which he held from the English king "in Normannia et in Cenomannensi pago"[84]. "Johannes comes Alençonis filius Willermi Pontivorum comitis" confirmed the rights of Perseigne abbey by charter dated 10 Apr 1185, witnessed by "Johannes filius meus, Robertus filius meus, Willermus filius meus…"[85]. "Johannes filius Willelmi comitis Pontivi" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Troarn with the consent of "filiis meis Johanne et Roberto et Willelmo" by charter dated 1190[86].

m BEATRIX du Maine, daughter of HELIE d'Anjou Comte du Maine & his wife Philippa du Perche . Robert of Torigny records the marriage of "Guillermus Talavercius comes Pontivi…Johannes comes filius eius" and "filiam comitis Heliæ fratris comitis Gaufridi Andegavorum et ducis Normannorum"[87]. "Johannes filius Willelmi comitis Pontivi et Beatricia uxor mea atque Johannes filius meus" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe by charter dated [1158/71][88].

Jean [I] & his wife had six children:

1. JEAN [II] d'Alençon (-6 May 1191, bur Perseigne). "Johannes comes Alençonis filius Willermi Pontivorum comitis" confirmed the rights of Perseigne abbey by charter dated 10 Apr 1185, witnessed by "Johannes filius meus, Robertus filius meus, Willermus filius meus…"[89]. "Johannes filius Willelmi comitis Pontivi et Beatricia uxor mea atque Johannes filius meus" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe by charter dated [1158/71][90]. "Johannes filius Willelmi comitis Pontivi" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Troarn with the consent of "filiis meis Johanne et Roberto et Willelmo" by charter dated 1190[91]. He succeeded his father in 1191 Comte d'Alençon.

2. ROBERT d'Alençon (-Morteville 8 Sep 1217, bur Perseigne). "Johannes comes Alençonis filius Willermi Pontivorum comitis" confirmed the rights of Perseigne abbey by charter dated 10 Apr 1185, witnessed by "Johannes filius meus, Robertus filius meus, Willermus filius meus…"[92]. "Johannes filius Willelmi comitis Pontivi" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Troarn with the consent of "filiis meis Johanne et Roberto et Willelmo" by charter dated 1190[93]. He succeeded his brother in 1191 as Comte d'Alençon. A manuscript genealogy of the Lords of Beaumont records the death of “Robertum comitem Alencheii…apud…manerium suum…Morteveille prope La Val”[94]. m firstly MATHILDE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly (after 1191) as her second husband, JEANNE de Preuilly Dame de la Guerche et du Bouchet, widow of HUGUES [V] "Callidus" Vicomte de Châteaudun, daughter of GOSBERT de Preuilly Seigneur du Bouchet et de la Guerche & his wife Adela de [Vendôme] (-[1211/12]). "G comes Castriduni et A uxor mea" donated property to the abbey of Bécheron by charter dated 1212 in which he names "dominus Jobertus de Guerchia avus meus et Johanna mater mea filia ipsius, comitissa d'Alençon"[95]. A manuscript genealogy of the Lords of Beaumont records the marriage of “Robertum comitem Alencheii” and “Joanna…filia domini Josberti de Guirchia”[96]. A charter dated Dec 1221 (error for before Sep 1201) of "Arturus dux Britannie comes Andegavensis, Cenomanensis et Richemontis" confirmed donations made to Perseigne abbey, including a donation made by "Johanna pie recordationis quondam comitissa de Alenchone et domina de Bocheto", witnessed by "domina Constancia matre mea…"[97]. “Johanna comitissa Alençonii et domina Wirchiæ” confirmed the donation made to Merci-Dieu by “dominus Josbertus Wirchiæ pater meus” by charter dated 1211[98]. m thirdly (before 1215) as her first husband, EMMA de Laval, daughter of GUY [V] Seigneur de Laval & his wife Avise de Craon ([1197/98]-27 Apr 1264, bur Abbaye de Clermont). "Guido dominus sextus de Lavalle" donated property to Olivet priory, for the soul of "Ozannæ filiæ meæ", by charter dated to [1205], witnessed by "Haoys uxore mea, Guido filius meus, Emma filia mea"[99]. A manuscript genealogy of the Lords of Beaumont record the marriage of “Robertum comitem Alencheii” and “Emmam filiam Guidonis domini de La Val” after the death of his wife “Joanna…filia domini Josberti de Guirchia”[100]. "Robertus comes d’Alencon et dominus Lavallis et Emma uxor eius filia Guidonis de Lavalle et hæres Lavallis" exchanged property with "Yvoni Franco et dominæ Haoys uxori suæ" by charter dated Feb 1216[101]. She married secondly (before 1215) as his second wife, Mathieu [II] "le Grand" Seigneur de Montmorency, and thirdly (1231) Jean Seigneur de Toucy. "Matheus de Montemorenciaco, conestabularius Franciæ et Emma, eius uxor, comitissa de Alanconio et domina Lavallensis" ratified a donation by "dominus Ivo Francus et uxor eius Advisia de Lavalle" to Bellebranche, for the salvation of "domini Guydonis de Lavalle" and for "Hugonis filii sui", by charter dated 1218[102]. "Ama comitissa de Alenceon" donated property to Notre-Dame, Paris for the soul of "domini Mathei de Monte Morenciaco mariti mei defuncti" by charter dated 1230[103]. "Joannes dominus de Toceio miles" confirmed commitments made for his marriage to "Emmam comitissam de Alenchon et dominam de Lavalle" by charter dated 1231[104]. The necrology of Joyenval records the death “27 Apr...circa 1280“ of "dominæ Emmæ comitissæ Alençonio, dominæ de Valle Guyonis, domini Guillelmi de Bellomonte [error] uxoris” and that “domini Guidonis de Laval filii eorum primogeniti” confirmed their donations[105]. Comte Robert & his second wife had two children:

a) JEAN [III] d'Alençon (-8 Jan 1212, bur Perseigne). A manuscript genealogy of the Lords of Beaumont names “Joannem et Matildam” as the children of “Robertum comitem Alencheii” and his wife “Joanna…filia domini Josberti de Guirchia”[106]. m (1205) as her first husband, ALIX de Roye, daughter of BARTHELEMY de Roye & his wife Petronille de Montfort (-26 Jan 1226). A manuscript genealogy of the Lords of Beaumont records that “Joannem”, son of “Robertum comitem Alencheii”, married “Aaliz filiam domini Bartholomæi de Roye” but died childless[107]. Philippe II King of France confirmed the marriage contract between “comitem Robertum Alenchonii...Johannis filii” and “Barth. de Roia...Aaliz filiæ” by charter dated 1205[108]. She married secondly (before 1214) Raoul de Nesle Seigneur de Falvy. Her second marriage is confirmed by the necrology of Joyenval which records the death of [her son] "domini Joannis de Nigella filii dominæ Aelidis de Roya” and his donation which was confirmed by his mother[109].

b) MATHILDE d'Alençon . A manuscript genealogy of the Lords of Beaumont names “Joannem et Matildam” as the children of “Robertum comitem Alencheii” and his wife “Joanna…filia domini Josberti de Guirchia”, adding that Matilda married “comiti Blesensi Theobaldo”[110]. m (before 19 Sep 1213) as his first wife, THIBAUT VI Comte de Blois et de Clermont, son of LOUIS Comte de Blois & his wife Catherine Ctss de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (-16 or 22 Apr 1218).

Comte Robert & his third wife had one child:

c) ROBERT d'Alençon (posthumously 1217-before Jan 1220). A manuscript genealogy of the Lords of Beaumont names “Robertus” as the posthumous son of “Robertum comitem Alencheii” by his wife “Emmam filiam Guidonis domini de La Val”[111].

3. GUILLAUME d'Alençon (-1203). "Johannes comes Alençonis filius Willermi Pontivorum comitis" confirmed the rights of Perseigne abbey by charter dated 10 Apr 1185, witnessed by "Johannes filius meus, Robertus filius meus, Willermus filius meus…"[112]. "Johannes filius Willelmi comitis Pontivi" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Troarn with the consent of "filiis meis Johanne et Roberto et Willelmo" by charter dated 1190[113]. Seigneur de la Roche-Mabile. m CECILE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

4. ALIX d'Alençon (-after 1220). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated May 1235 under which her son "Hamericus vicecomes de Castro Heraudi" confirmed privileges granted to Perseigne abbey by "Guillermi quondam comitis Pontivii et Roberti comitis Alenchonis et Sagonensis domini…avunculi nostri"[114]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. Dame de Montgommery et de Sonois. m ([1170/76]) as his second wife, HUGUES [II] Vicomte de Châtellerault, son of AIMERY [I] Vicomte de Châtellerault & his wife Amauberge [Dangeureuse] --- (-before 1176).

5. HELIE [Ela] d'Alençon (-after May 1233). Her parentage and marriage are indicated by three charters read together. “Hemericus vicecomes Castri-Eraudi, Ala uxor quondam Roberti filii Ernesii, et Robertus Malet" relinquished "castrum de Esseio" in return for "terram et redditus apud Escocheium" by charter dated to [1220][115]. The family relationship between the three participants is explained in another charter dated to [1220] which records that “Hemerico vicecomiti Castri-Eraudi, Alæ uxori Roberti Ernesii et Roberto Malet, Roberti comitis Alenconii heredibus" assigned property for "castri de Esseio"[116]. “Hemericus vicecomes Castri-Eraudi et Hela soror Roberti quondam comitis de Alencon et Robertus Malet" relinquished "forestam…Escoves et hayam de Ferraria et forestam de Chaumont et forestam de Ruppe-Heolydis, usque in Sarton…de dominio de Alenconio" by charter dated Jan 1220 (probably O.S.)[117]. [118]m ([1180/90]) ROBERT [VI] FitzErneis, son of ROBERT [V] FitzErneis & his wife --- (-before [1220]).

6. PHILIPPA d'Alençon (-before 1223). The primary source which confirms her parentage and first and third marriages has not yet been identified. Her second marriage is indicated by two charters. “Hemericus vicecomes Castri-Eraudi, Ala uxor quondam Roberti filii Ernesii, et Robertus Malet" relinquished "castrum de Esseio" in return for "terram et redditus apud Escocheium" by charter dated to [1220][119]. The family relationship between the three participants is explained in another charter dated to [1220] which records that “Hemerico vicecomiti Castri-Eraudi, Alæ uxori Roberti Ernesii et Roberto Malet, Roberti comitis Alenconii heredibus" assigned property for "castri de Esseio"[120]. m firstly as his second wife, WILLIAM de Roumare Earl of Lincoln, son of WILLIAM de Roumare & his wife Agnès d'Aumâle (-[1198], bur [Revesby]). m secondly GUILLAUME [III] Malet de Graville, son of MATHIEU Malet de Graville & his wife --- (-[Sep 1214/Oct 1215]). m thirdly (before Oct 1215) as his [first] wife, GUILLAUME de Préaux, son of JEAN de Préaux & his wife --- (-1223).

C. FAMILY of BALDRIC

Three siblings, parents not known:

1. BALDRIC (-before 1053). Orderic Vitalis records that “Baldrico Teutonico” came “cum Wigerio fratre suo in Normanniam” to serve “Ricardo duci” [presumably Duke Richard II] and that together they held “honorem de Balgenzaio”[121]. "Guillermus Normannorum dux" confirmed the properties of Saint-Evroul, including “terram de Balchencei sicut tenuerat Baldricus eius comitis arcearius” bought from “Ernaldo...Willelmi filio consenciente Roberto suo avunculo et jubente comite Willelmo” by undated charter, witnessed by “...Malgerii archiepiscopi...” [which dates the document to 1037/53][122]. m ---, daughter of ---. Orderic Vitalis records that "Gislebertus comes Brionnæ nepos Ricardi ducis Normannorum" married "neptem suam" to “Baldrico Teutonico”, who had come “cum Wigerio fratre suo in Normanniam” to serve “Ricardo duci” [presumably Duke Richard II][123]. Her exact parentage is not known. Baldric & his wife had [eight or more] children:

a) NICOLAS de Baqueville (-after [1048/63]). Orderic Vitalis names "Nicolaus…de Baschevilla et Fulco de Alnou, Rodbertus de Curceio et Ricardus de Nova-Villa, Baldricus de Balgenzaio et Wigerius Apuliensis" as the sons of Baldric and his wife[124]. “Nicholaus filius...Baldrici...fiius meus Rogerius” donated “ecclesiam...in villa...Chitrei quam pater meus in honore Sancti Petri construxit” to Saint-Wandrille, for the soul of “mee uxoris que in...Fontanella...iacet”, by charter dated to [1032/47][125]. Robert Abbot of Saint-Wandrille confirmed the purchase of “terre...Lebecors” from “Nicholao Baldrici filio coram uxore sua Geretrude filiisque” by charter dated to [1048/63], subscribed by “Willelmi comitis, Nicholay”[126]. m firstly --- (bur Saint-Wandrille). “Nicholaus filius...Baldrici...fiius meus Rogerius” donated “ecclesiam...in villa...Chitrei quam pater meus in honore Sancti Petri construxit” to Saint-Wandrille, for the soul of “mee uxoris que in...Fontanella...iacet”, by charter dated to [1032/47][127]. “...Nicholaus filius Baldrici...” subscribed the charter under which Guillaume Duke of Normandy donated the church of Arques to Saint-Wandrille, dated to [1035/55][128]. m secondly GERTRUDE, daughter of ---. Robert Abbot of Saint-Wandrille confirmed the purchase of “terre...Lebecors” from “Nicholao Baldrici filio coram uxore sua Geretrude filiisque” by charter dated to [1048/63], subscribed by “Willelmi comitis, Nicholay”[129]. The chronology of the charters quoted in this section indicate that Gertrude must have been the second wife of Nicolas. Nicolas & his first wife had one child:

i) ROGER de Baqueville . “Nicholaus filius...Baldrici...fiius meus Rogerius” donated “ecclesiam...in villa...Chitrei quam pater meus in honore Sancti Petri construxit” to Saint-Wandrille, for the soul of “mee uxoris que in...Fontanella...iacet”, by charter dated to [1032/47][130]. m ---, daughter of ---. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “nepotes...plures...Gunnor...earum...altera” married “Nicolao de Bascheritivilla” among whose descendants were “Willelmus Martellus et Walterus de Sancto Martino”[131].

b) FOULQUES de Aunou (-after Oct 1066). Orderic Vitalis names "Nicolaus…de Baschevilla et Fulco de Alnou, Rodbertus de Curceio et Ricardus de Nova-Villa, Baldricus de Balgenzaio et Wigerius Apuliensis" as the sons of Baldric and his wife[132]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Fulcone Dauno" contributed 40 ships towards the invasion of England in 1066[133].

c) ROBERT de Courcy . Orderic Vitalis names "Nicolaus…de Baschevilla et Fulco de Alnou, Rodbertus de Curceio et Ricardus de Nova-Villa, Baldricus de Balgenzaio et Wigerius Apuliensis" as the sons of Baldric and his wife[134].

- COURCY.

d) RICHARD de Neufville . Orderic Vitalis names "Nicolaus…de Baschevilla et Fulco de Alnou, Rodbertus de Curceio et Ricardus de Nova-Villa, Baldricus de Balgenzaio et Wigerius Apuliensis" as the sons of Baldric and his wife[135].

e) BAUDRY de Bauquencey . Orderic Vitalis names "Nicolaus…de Baschevilla et Fulco de Alnou, Rodbertus de Curceio et Ricardus de Nova-Villa, Baldricus de Balgenzaio et Wigerius Apuliensis" as the sons of Baldric and his wife[136]. m BILLEHELDIS, daughter of --- (-after [1093]). "Billeheldis uxor Baldrici de Balchenceio" donated to Saint-Evroul, with the consent of “filii sui Rodbertus...dominus de honore et Baldricus”, dated to “tempore Rogerii abbatis qui abbati Serloni successit”, witnessed by “Wigerius patruus eorumdem fratrem [error for fratrum?] et filius eius Fulco...”[137]. “Hugo comes Cestrensis atque Ermentrudis comitissa” donated property to St Werburgh, Chester, and records other donations including that “Billeheld uxor Baldrici” donated “Pecfortunam”, by charter dated to [1093][138]. Baudry & his wife had two children:

i) ROBERT de Bauquencey . "Billeheldis uxor Baldrici de Balchenceio" donated to Saint-Evroul, with the consent of “filii sui Rodbertus...dominus de honore et Baldricus”, dated to “tempore Rogerii abbatis qui abbati Serloni successit”, witnessed by “Wigerius patruus eorumdem fratrem [error for fratrum?] et filius eius Fulco...”[139].

ii) BAUDRY de Bauquencey . "Billeheldis uxor Baldrici de Balchenceio" donated to Saint-Evroul, with the consent of “filii sui Rodbertus...dominus de honore et Baldricus”, dated to “tempore Rogerii abbatis qui abbati Serloni successit”, witnessed by “Wigerius patruus eorumdem fratrem [error for fratrum?] et filius eius Fulco...”[140].

f) VIGER de Apulia . Orderic Vitalis names "Nicolaus…de Baschevilla et Fulco de Alnou, Rodbertus de Curceio et Ricardus de Nova-Villa, Baldricus de Balgenzaio et Wigerius Apuliensis" as the sons of Baldric and his wife[141]. "Billeheldis uxor Baldrici de Balchenceio" donated to Saint-Evroul, with the consent of “filii sui Rodbertus...dominus de honore et Baldricus”, dated to “tempore Rogerii abbatis qui abbati Serloni successit”, witnessed by “Wigerius patruus eorumdem fratrem [error for fratrum?] et filius eius Fulco...”[142]. m ---. The name of Viger’s wife is not known. Viger & his wife had one child:

i) FOULQUES . "Billeheldis uxor Baldrici de Balchenceio" donated to Saint-Evroul, with the consent of “filii sui Rodbertus...dominus de honore et Baldricus”, dated to “tempore Rogerii abbatis qui abbati Serloni successit”, witnessed by “Wigerius patruus eorumdem fratrem [error for fratrum?] et filius eius Fulco...”[143].

g) GUNNORA . The De nobili genere Crispinorum records that "Gislebertus…Crispini cognomen" married "senioris Fulconis de Alnou germanam…Gonnorem"[144]. m GILBERT Crispin, son of ---.

h) daughters . Orderic Vitalis records that Baldric and his wife had "plures filiæ"[145].

2. VIGER . Orderic Vitalis records that “Baldrico Teutonico” came “cum Wigerio fratre suo in Normanniam” to serve “Ricardo duci” [presumably Duke Richard II] and that together they held “honorem de Balgenzaio”[146].

3. ELISABETH . Orderic Vitalis records that “Baldrico Teutonico” married “Elizabeth sororem suam” to “Fulconi de Bona-Valle...militi” and granted “ecclesiam Sancti Nicolai quam pater suus construxerat”[147]. m FOULQUES de Bonneval, son of ---. Foulques & his wife had two children:

a) GUILLAUME de Bonneval . Orderic Vitalis records that “Baldricus et Wigerius et Willermus de Bona-Valle” confirmed the charter under which “Fulco” offered “Teodericum filium suum”, who had been baptised by “Teodericus abbas”, to Ouche Saint-Evroul and donated “ecclesiam Sancti Nicolai”[148].

b) THIERRY de Bonneval . Orderic Vitalis records that “Baldricus et Wigerius et Willermus de Bona-Valle” confirmed the charter under which “Fulco” offered “Teodericum filium suum”, who had been baptised by “Teodericus abbas”, to Ouche Saint-Evroul and donated “ecclesiam Sancti Nicolai”, adding that Thierry lived for 57 years as a monk[149].

D. FAMILY of GIROIE

Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” was said to have descended “ex nobili Francorum et Britonem prosapia”[150].

ABBO "le Breton/Brito", son of --- . He is named only by Orderic Vitalis who records his grandson "Geroio Ernaldi Grossi de Corte Sedaldi Abonii Britonis filii filio...ex magna nobilitate Francorum et Britonum"[151].

m ---. The name of Abbo's wife is not known.

Abbo & his wife had one child:

1. ARNAUD "le Gros" de Courcerault [near Mortagne, Orne] . He is named only by Orderic Vitalis who records his son "Geroio Ernaldi Grossi de Corte Sedaldi Abonii Britonis filii filio...ex magna nobilitate Francorum et Britonum"[152]. m ---. The name of Arnold's wife is not known. If the description of her son by Orderic Vitalis is accurate, she was probably of Frankish origin. Arnold & his wife had [three] children:

a) GIROIE [Geroius] (-before 1035). Orderic Vitalis names "Geroio Ernaldi Grossi de Corte Sedaldi Abonii Britonis filii filio...ex magna nobilitate Francorum et Britonum"[153].

- see below.

b) HILDIARD . Orderic Vitalis records "tres filii et undecim filiæ" born to “Geroio...Hildiardi sorori eius”, who married “honorabilibus viris” and gave birth to “multos filios” who spread terror in the armies “in Gallia et Anglia atque Apulia”[154]. m ---.

c) [---. m ---.]

i) [---. m ---.]

(a) GUY "Bollein" . Orderic Vitalis records that “Wido cognomento Bollein senioris Geroii pronepos cum Hodierna conjuge sua” lived “in pago Corboniensi” and entered “Willermum filium suum” at Ouche, encouraged by “Rodberti abbatis cognati...sui”[155]. m HODIERNA, daughter of ---. Orderic Vitalis records that “Wido cognomento Bollein senioris Geroii pronepos cum Hodierna conjuge sua” lived “in pago Corboniensi” and entered “Willermum filium suum” at Ouche, encouraged by “Rodberti abbatis cognati...sui”[156]. Guy & his wife had four children:

(1) NORMAN . Orderic Vitalis names “Normannus et Walterius [milites]...Goisfredus...et Willermus cognomento Gregorius...sacerdoti” as the children “Wido cognomento Bollein senioris Geroii pronepos cum Hodierna conjuge sua”[157].

(2) GAUTHIER . Orderic Vitalis names “Normannus et Walterius [milites]...Goisfredus...et Willermus cognomento Gregorius...sacerdoti” as the children “Wido cognomento Bollein senioris Geroii pronepos cum Hodierna conjuge sua”[158].

(3) GEOFFROY . Orderic Vitalis names “Normannus et Walterius [milites]...Goisfredus...et Willermus cognomento Gregorius...sacerdoti” as the children “Wido cognomento Bollein senioris Geroii pronepos cum Hodierna conjuge sua”[159].

(4) GUILLAUME dit Gregoire . Orderic Vitalis names “Normannus et Walterius [milites]...Goisfredus...et Willermus cognomento Gregorius...sacerdoti” as the children “Wido cognomento Bollein senioris Geroii pronepos cum Hodierna conjuge sua”, recording that their father entered “Willermum filium suum...novem annorum” at Ouche, encouraged by “Rodberti abbatis cognati...sui”, adding that at the time of writing Guillaume had already passed 54 years as a monk and continued to live as such[160].

GIROIE [Geroius], son of ARNAUD "le Gros" & his wife --- (-before 1035). Orderic Vitalis names "Geroio Ernaldi Grossi de Corte Sedaldi Abonii Britonis filii filio...ex magna nobilitate Francorum et Britonum"[161]. He fought with Guillaume de Bellême against Herbert Comte du Maine[162]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" allied himself with “Willermo Belesmensi” and fought successfully against “Herbertum Cenomannensium comitem”[163]. Seigneur d'Echauffour et de Montreuil: Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" was betrothed to “Normannorum...miles...Helgo unicam filiam suam” with “Monasteriolum ac Escalfoium” [Montreuil et Echauffour] agreed as dowry, properties which were transferred to him after her father died, that she herself died before the marriage could take place, but that “Willermus Belesmensis” took Giroie to “Ricardum ducem Normanniæ” who granted “totam terram Helgonis hæreditario jure” to him at Rouen[164]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” went with “Belesmensi Willelmo” to the court of “Richardi Ducis” who granted him “in Normannia duo municipia Monasteriolum et Escalfoum” [Montreuil and Echaufour][165]. His death is dated by a passage in Orderic Vitalis who records that, after Giroie died, "Gislebertus...comes Brionniæ" attacked “Monsteriolum” but that “Rodbertus dux” [ruled from 1027-1035] reconciled the parties[166].

Betrothed to ---, daughter of HEUGON [Helgo] & his wife ---. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" was betrothed to “Normannorum...miles...Helgo unicam filiam suam” with “Monasteriolum ac Escalfoium” [Montreuil et Echauffour] agreed as dowry, properties which were transferred to him after her father died, that she herself died before the marriage could take place, but that “Willermus Belesmensis” took Giroie to “Ricardum ducem Normanniæ” who granted “totam terram Helgonis hæreditario jure” to him at Rouen[167].

m ([1005/10]) GISLA, daughter of THURSTAN de Bastembourg & his wife ---. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”, adding that “ex his filiorum et nepotum militaris turma propagata est, quæ Barbaris in Anglia vel Apulia seu Trachia vel Syria nimio terrori visa est” [“from these children and grandchildren sprang a race of knights who became the terror of the barbarians in England, Apulia, Thrace and Syria”][168]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”[169]. Her marriage can probably be dated to [1005/10]: Orderic Vitalis records that Giroie died only “Ernaldus et Willermus” were knights, in another passage making it clear that he died before the death of Robert II Duke of Normandy (who died in 1035)[170].

Giroie & his wife had eleven children:

1. ARNAUD de Montreuil (-[1035/40]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”, adding that “Ernaldus et Fulcoius” died with “Giselberto comite”[171]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding that when Giroie died only “Ernaldus et Willermus” were knights[172]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after Giroie died, "Gislebertus...comes Brionniæ" attacked “Monsteriolum” but that “Rodbertus dux” [ruled from 1027-1035] reconciled the parties, adding that Arnaud was "accidentally thrown against the sharp corner of a step during a friendly wrestling match with another young athlete at Montreuil…and after breaking three ribs, died within three days"[173]. m ---. The name of Arnaud's wife is not known. Arnaud & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME (-after [1050/56]). “Willemi filii Ernoldi de Mosteriolo, qui dedit S. Trinitati decimam totius eiusdem Guiardivillæ, presbyterum et ecclesiam alodii jure”, subscribed a charter for Fauroux dated to [1050/56][174].

2. GUILLAUME (-Gaeta, Apulia 5 Feb ----). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”[175]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding that when Giroie died only “Ernaldus et Willermus” were knights[176]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus cognomento Talavatius” succeeded “Roberti fratris sui” with the help particularly of “Willelmi filii Geroii”[177]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Robertus de Grentemaisnil...cum fratre suo Hugone” with “Willelmus Geroii filius” restored “monasterii sancti Ebrulfi apud Uticum” [Ouche de Saint-Evroul][178]. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Willermus filius Geroii monachus Becci et nepotes eius Robertus et Hugo de Grentemaisnil" restored "monasterium Sancti Ebrulfi apud Uticum"[179]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Willermus et Rotbertus filii Geroi et Hugo ac Rotbertus filii Rotberti de Grentesmaisnilio” sought the consent of Guillaume II Duke of Normandy in 1050 to restore “Uticum cœnobio”[180]. The Chronicon d’ Abbatiæ records that "Willelmus et nepotes sui Robertus et Hugo de Grentimenti" restored "monasterium sancti Ebrulfi" and donated “villam Russerie” to Bec[181]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmi filii Geroii” attended the second marriage of “Willelmus cognomento Talavatius”, against the advice of “Rodulfus...frater eius cognomento Clericus...et Mala-corona”, after which he was blinded and mutilated, three years later becoming a monk at Bec”[182]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Willermus cognomento Talavicius Willermi Belesmensis filius” invited Guillaume Giroie to his marriage, where he was blinded, emasculated, and his ears cut off[183]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Willermus de Monsteriolo et Ernaldus de Grentemaisnilio” among those who left Normandy and settled in Apulia[184]. Orderic Vitalis records that he went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem twice, renouncing the world and taking monastic vows at the abbey of Bec after his second journey[185]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroianus Willelmus” died “apud Caietam Non Feb” while “in Apuliam missus est”[186]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "5 Feb" of "Guillelmus filius Geroii fundator hujus cœnobii"[187]. m firstly HILTRUDE, daughter of FULBERT de Beina & his wife ---. Orderic Vitalis records that Guillaume married firstly “Hiltrudem filiam Fulberti de Beina”, who had built “castrum Aquilæ” during the time of “Ricardi ducis”[188]. m secondly EMMA, daughter of WALKELIN de Tannée & his wife ---. Orderic Vitalis records that Guillaume married secondly “Emmam, Walchelini de Taneto filiam”[189]. Guillaume & his first wife had one child:

a) ARNAUD d'Echaufour (-murdered I Jan [1065]). Orderic Vitalis names “Ernaldum de Escalfoio” as the son of Guillaume and his first wife “Hiltrudem filiam Fulberti de Beina”[190]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Ernaldo...Willermi filio" donated "terram de Balgenzaio...et partem terræ Escalfo...et Exartum Henrici et decimam molendini de Esaclfo...terram Altæripæ...et terram de Doith Mulsat" to Ouche, with the consent of “Rodberto avunculo suo”[191]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Ernaldus Willermi Geroiani filius” succeeded “in loco patrui sui” after the death of Robert senior [dated to 1060/61] and continued to rebel against Guillaume II Duke of Normandy, although peace was restored soon afterwards whereupon the duke restored him in “Monasteriolum et Escalfoium ac Sanctum Serenicum, totamque patrum suorum hæreditatem”[192]. Orderic Vitalis records disputes between his vassals and Duke Guillaume who exiled “milites Rodulfum de Toenia et Hugonem de Grentemaisnilio atque Ernaldum de Escalfoio”, dated to [1059/61], adding that “Ernaldus de Escalfoio” revenged himself by ravaging “Lexoviensem pagum” for three years[193]. Orderic Vitalis records the return from Apulia of “Ernaldus de Escalfoio Willermi Geroiani filius” who was pardoned by Duke Guillaume who promised the return of his property, that “Mabilia Talavacii filia” prepared poison for him which was drunk by “Gislebertus frater Rogerii de Monte-Gomerici” who died three days later “apud Raimalastum”, that she succeeded a second time in poisoning him with the help of “Rogerium militem cognomento Gulafram...Ernaldi cubicularius” whom she had seduced, and that he died “Kal Jan” dated to [1064] from the context[194]. m EMMA, daughter of THURSTAN Haldup & his wife --- (-[1095]). Orderic Vitalis records that “Ernaldus de Escalfoio Willermi Geroiani filius” married “Emmam, Turstini cognomento Haldue filiam”, by whom he had “Willermum et Rainaldum ac Petronillam atque Gevam, aliosque filios et filias”, who after her husband died retired “ad Eudonem fratrem suum Normannici ducis dapiferum” (who was a lord “in pago Constantino”) and lived “pene xxx annis” in her widowhood[195]. Arnaud & his wife had [eight or more] children:

i) GUILLAUME (-[1115/25]). Orderic Vitalis records that “Ernaldus de Escalfoio Willermi Geroiani filius” married “Emmam, Turstini cognomento Haldue filiam”, by whom he had “Willermum et Rainaldum ac Petronillam atque Gevam, aliosque filios et filias”, adding that Guillaume on reaching adolescence joined the court of Philippe I King of France and became “regis...armiger” and afterwards left for Apulia where he married “nobilem de genere Langobardorum”, “triginta castellorum sub Rotberto comite Lorotelli, nepote...Wiscardi”, and from a second wife had “multiplicem utriusque sexus sobolem”, living nearly 40 years “inter Winilos”[196]. m firstly ---. Orderic Vitalis records that Guillaume, son of Arnaud d’Echaufour, left for Apulia where he married “nobilem de genere Langobardorum”, “triginta castellorum sub Rotberto comite Lorotelli, nepote...Wiscardi”, and from a second wife had “multiplicem utriusque sexus sobolem”[197]. m secondly ---. Orderic Vitalis records that Guillaume, son of Arnaud d’Echaufour, left for Apulia where he married “nobilem de genere Langobardorum”, “triginta castellorum sub Rotberto comite Lorotelli, nepote...Wiscardi”, and from a second wife had “multiplicem utriusque sexus sobolem”[198]. Guillaume & his second wife had children:

(a) children . Orderic Vitalis records that Guillaume, son of Arnaud d’Echaufour, left for Apulia where he married “nobilem de genere Langobardorum”, “triginta castellorum sub Rotberto comite Lorotelli, nepote...Wiscardi”, and from a second wife had “multiplicem utriusque sexus sobolem”[199].

ii) RENAUD ([1058/59]-[1115/16]). Orderic Vitalis records that “Ernaldus de Escalfoio Willermi Geroiani filius” married “Emmam, Turstini cognomento Haldue filiam”, by whom he had “Willermum et Rainaldum ac Petronillam atque Gevam, aliosque filios et filias”, adding that Renaud became a monk at Ouche Saint-Evroul three months before his father died aged five years old, was named “Benedictus”, and remained there for 52 years[200].

iii) PETRONILLE . Orderic Vitalis records that “Ernaldus de Escalfoio Willermi Geroiani filius” married “Emmam, Turstini cognomento Haldue filiam”, by whom he had “Willermum et Rainaldum ac Petronillam atque Gevam, aliosque filios et filias”, adding that Petronille became a nun “in cœnobio S. Mariæ Andegavis”[201].

iv) GEVA . Orderic Vitalis records that “Ernaldus de Escalfoio Willermi Geroiani filius” married “Emmam, Turstini cognomento Haldue filiam”, by whom he had “Willermum et Rainaldum ac Petronillam atque Gevam, aliosque filios et filias”, adding that Geva became a nun at Caen Holy Trinity[202].

v) other children . Orderic Vitalis records that “Ernaldus de Escalfoio Willermi Geroiani filius” married “Emmam, Turstini cognomento Haldue filiam”, by whom he had “Willermum et Rainaldum ac Petronillam atque Gevam, aliosque filios et filias”[203].

Guillaume & his second wife had one child:

b) GUILLAUME (-Rome after Sep 1068). Orderic Vitalis names “Willermum” as the son of Guillaume and his second wife “Emmam, Walchelini de Taneto filiam”, adding that later in Apulia he was known as “bonus Normannus”[204]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Willermus”, brother of "Ernaldo...Willermi filio", donated "situm in Maisnil Bernardi in honore sancti Sulpitii" and other named properties to Ouche, with the consent of “Geroio fratre eius [referring to his paternal uncle] et cognatis...Geroio atque Fulcoio”[205]. Orderic Vitalis records that Robert de Grantmesnil, ex-abbot of Ouche, in seeking his restoration as abbot sought help from “Willermum de Mosterolo consobrinum suum”, who had conquered “Campaniam”, and granted him “medietatem antiquæ urbis...Aquina”[206]. His father-in-law installed him as Duke of Gaeta in [1064], but he rebelled and attempted to repudiate his wife in order to marry Maria, widow of Duke Atenulf I[207]. Orderic Vitalis records that he became commander of the papal army which was victorious in Campania[208]. Amatus records that he gave two churches to Montecassino in Sep 1068[209]. Amatus records that he died in Rome from "a burning fever"[210]. m ([1060/62]) --- di Capua, daughter of RICHARD I Prince of Capua & his wife Frédésende de Hauteville. Amatus records the marriage of the daughter of Richard to "an exceptional knight, small in stature, who was very robust, strong, valiant…his adopted son…William" with the counties of Aquino, Marsia and Campagna as dowry[211].

3. EREMBURGE . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”[212]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that “primogenita...filiarum Heremburgis” married “Wascelino de Ponte Erchenfredi” by whom she had “Willelmus et Radulfus” who later followed “Rodbertum Wiscardum Calabriæ ducem” in “Apulia et Sicilia”[213]. As the second marriage of her younger sister Hawise can be dated to [1040], and because Hawise had six children by her first marriage, it is likely that Eremburge married much earlier, say in [1020/30]. If that is correct, she must have been one of the older children of her parents. m ([1020/30]) WALKELIN de Pont-Echanfrey, son of ---.

4. HAWISE . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”[214]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that Hawise married firstly “Rodberto de Grentemaisnilio”, by whom she had “Hugonem et Rodbertum et Ernaldum et totidem filias”, and secondly “Willermo Rodberti archiepiscopo filio” by whom she had “Judith” who later married “Rogerii comitis Siciliæ”[215]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Richardus Ebroicensis comes...Willelmus...frater eius” married “Hadevisam filia Geroii relictam Roberti de Grentemaisnil”[216]. As Hawise had six children by her first husband, it is unlikely that she was born much later than 1015 and must therefore have been one of her parents’ older children. m firstly ROBERT de Grantmesnil, son of --- (-killed in battle 17 Jun [1040]). m secondly (after 17 Jun [1040]) GUILLAUME d'Evreux, son of ROBERT Comte d'Evreux Archbishop of Rouen [Normandy] & his mistress Herleva ---. He is named by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that he was "son of Archbishop Robert"[217].

5. FOULQUES (-murdered [1040]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”, adding that “Ernaldus et Fulcoius” died with “Giselberto comite”[218]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that Foulques inherited “medietatem Monasterioli” and that “post mortem Rodberti ducis” he was killed “cum compatre suo Gislberto comite”[219]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Gislebertus comes Ocensis filius Godefridi comitis...tutor Willelmi pueri sed domini...cum Fulcoio filio Geroii“ were killed while riding with “Wascelino de Ponte Erchenfredi”, adding that the crime was committed by “Odonis Grossi et audacis Roberti filii Geroii” at the instigation of “Rodulfus de Waceio filii Roberti archiepiscopi”[220]. These deaths can probably be dated to [1040]. Foulques had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:

a) GIROIE . Orderic Vitalis names "Geroium et Fulcoium ex concubina" as the two sons of Foulques, son of Giroie[221]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Willermus”, brother of "Ernaldo...Willermi filio", donated "situm in Maisnil Bernardi in honore sancti Sulpitii" and other named properties to Ouche, with the consent of “Geroio fratre eius [referring to his paternal uncle] et cognatis...Geroio atque Fulcoio”[222].

b) FOULQUES . Orderic Vitalis names "Geroium et Fulcoium ex concubina" as the two sons of Foulques, son of Giroie[223]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Willermus”, brother of "Ernaldo...Willermi filio", donated "situm in Maisnil Bernardi in honore sancti Sulpitii" and other named properties to Ouche, with the consent of “Geroio fratre eius [referring to his paternal uncle] et cognatis...Geroio atque Fulcoio”[224].

6. RAOUL "Malacorona/ill-tonsured" (-19 Jan [1068]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”[225]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that Raoul became a monk at Marmoutier “sub Alberto abbate” (abbot from 1037 to 1064) and died six years later[226]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmi filii Geroii” attended the second marriage of “Willelmus cognomento Talavatius”, against the advice of “Rodulfus...frater eius cognomento Clericus...et Mala-corona”, after which he was blinded and mutilated, three years later becoming a monk at Bec”[227]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the departure of “Rodberti abbatis [Robert de Grantmesnil, ex-abbot of Ouche]” (dated to [1061]), “Rodulfus Mala-Corona avunculus eius” left Ouche Saint-Evroul and went to Marmoutier, where he died “XIV Kal Feb” seven years later[228].

7. ROBERT (-6 Feb [1060/61], bur St-Evroul d’Ouche). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”[229]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that Robert held “castrum S. Serenici”[230]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Willermus et Rotbertus filii Geroi et Hugo ac Rotbertus filii Rotberti de Grentesmaisnilio” sought the consent of Guillaume II Duke of Normandy in 1050 to restore “Uticum cœnobio”[231]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Ernaldo...Willermi filio" donated "terram de Balgenzaio...et partem terræ Escalfo...et Exartum Henrici et decimam molendini de Esaclfo...terram Altæripæ...et terram de Doith Mulsat" to Ouche, with the consent of “Rodberto avunculo suo”[232]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Gislebertus comes Ocensis filius Godefridi comitis...tutor Willelmi pueri sed domini...cum Fulcoio filio Geroii“ were killed while riding with “Wascelino de Ponte Erchenfredi”, adding that the crime was committed by “Odonis Grossi et audacis Roberti filii Geroii” at the instigation of “Rodulfus de Waceio filii Roberti archiepiscopi”[233]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodberti Geroii filius” rebelled against “Willermum ducem”, joined “Andagavensibus” and fortified “castra sua: Sanctum...Serenicum et Rupem Ialgiensem” [Saint-Céneri-le-Giroie and La Roche d’Igé near Bellême], dated to [1060], but records that he died “VIII Id Feb” five days after eating two poisoned apples which he had snatched from his wife’s hand[234]. Another passage in the same source records that Robert held out in "castrum sancti Serenici" against “Willermum ducem...anno ducatus eiusdem ducis xxv” [1060/61] and repeats the story of his death[235]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after at first refusing, Duke Guillaume permitted the return of Robert’s body for burial at Ouche[236]. m ADELAIDE, daughter of --- (-after [1060/61]). Orderic Vitalis records that "Willermus dux" granted “Adelaidem consobrinam suam” in marriage to Robert, son of Giroie[237]. The passage in Orderic Vitalis, which records that her husband died five days after eating a poisoned apple which he had snatched from his wife’s hand, clarifies that she outlived him[238]. Robert & his wife had one child:

a) ROBERT (-after Jun 1119). Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertum” as the son of Robert, son of Giroie, and his wife “Adelaidem”, adding that “now fights for Henry I King of England” (qui nunc Henrico regi Anglorum militat”)[239]. It is unclear why Robert did not succeed to his properties on the death of his father: Orderic Vitalis records that “Ernaldus Willermi Geroiani filius” succeeded “in loco patrui sui” after the death of Robert senior and pursued the rebellion[240]. Son of Robert Giroie according to Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that he "spent many years with his relatives in Apulia" and was "consobrinus" of Robert III Duke of Normandy, who restored to him the castle of Saint-Céneri previously held by his father which he retained "for about 36 years afterwards"[241]. His castle was attacked "without warning" by Robert de Bellême, triggering open warfare in which Robert Giroie laid waste the country around Alençon for three months, but during his absence Robert de Bellême sacked the castle in [Jul 1092][242]. Seigneur de Saint-Cenery [located south-west of Alençon, near the forest of Ecouves]: "Avesgaudus filius Fulcaudi" donated "ecclesia Sancti Simphoriani et Sancte Marie de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated 1 May 1103, which names "uxor mea Brita…et Robertus de Sancto Celerino gener meus…filia…mea Felicia ipsius Roberti uxor"[243]. A charter dated to [1110] confirms the donation by "Robertus, Giroi filius" of revenue at "Conedrarium", donated by "Avesgaudus socer eius" when he became a monk, to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "Britta uxor…dicti Avesgaudi et Felicia filia eorum, exor prefati Roberti"[244]. He rebelled against Henry I King of England in Jul [1118], supported by Foulques IV Comte d'Anjou, but was pardoned in Jun 1119 at the request of Comte Foulques[245]. m firstly RADEGUNDE, daughter of --- (-1092). Orderic Vitalis records the death of "Geroianus…Radegundis uxor eius" and "Guillelmus infans filius eius" who was a hostage to "Rodbertus Belesmensis", in the same year that the castle of Saint-Céneri was plundered by Robert de Bellême[246]. m secondly (after 1092) FELICIE de Connerré, daughter of AVESGAUD Seigneur de Connerré & his wife Brita ---. "Avesgaudus filius Fulcaudi" donated "ecclesia Sancti Simphoriani et Sancte Marie de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans by charter dated 1 May 1103, which names "uxor mea Brita…et Robertus de Sancto Celerino gener meus…filia…mea Felicia ipsius Roberti uxor"[247]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroianus" married "Feliciam…Guarnerii de Coneraia filiam" as his second wife and had three sons "Guillelmum…et Rodbertum ac Matthæum" and three daughters "Agatham, Damatam et Avelinam"[248]. A charter dated to [1110] confirms the donation by "Robertus, Giroi filius" of revenue at "Conedrarium", donated by "Avesgaudus socer eius" when he became a monk, to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "Britta uxor…dicti Avesgaudi et Felicia filia eorum, uxor prefati Roberti"[249]. Robert & his first wife had one child:

i) GUILLAUME (-1092 or after). Orderic Vitalis records the death of "Geroianus…Radegundis uxor eius" and "Guillelmus infans filius eius" who was a hostage to "Rodbertus Belesmensis" allegedly poisoned by his captor, in the same year that the castle of Saint-Céneri was plundered by Robert de Bellême[250].

Robert & his second wife had six children:

ii) GUILLAUME . Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroianus" married "Feliciam…Guarnerii de Coneraia filiam" as his second wife and had three sons "Guillelmum…et Rodbertum ac Matthæum" and three daughters "Agatham, Damatam et Avelinam"[251]. He and his brother inherited Saint-Céneri from their father [252].

iii) ROBERT . Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroianus" married "Feliciam…Guarnerii de Coneraia filiam" as his second wife and had three sons "Guillelmum…et Rodbertum ac Matthæum" and three daughters "Agatham, Damatam et Avelinam"[253]. He and his brother inherited Saint-Céneri from their father259.

iv) MATHIEU . Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroianus" married "Feliciam…Guarnerii de Coneraia filiam" as his second wife and had three sons "Guillelmum…et Rodbertum ac Matthæum" and three daughters "Agatham, Damatam et Avelinam"[254].

v) AGATHA . Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroianus" married "Feliciam…Guarnerii de Coneraia filiam" as his second wife and had three sons "Guillelmum…et Rodbertum ac Matthæum" and three daughters "Agatham, Damatam et Avelinam"[255].

vi) DAMETA . Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroianus" married "Feliciam…Guarnerii de Coneraia filiam" as his second wife and had three sons "Guillelmum…et Rodbertum ac Matthæum" and three daughters "Agatham, Damatam et Avelinam"[256]. same person as…? DAMETA . A Norman woman. Her son granted her the manor of Chelsea for an annual rent of £4[257]. There is no proof that this co-identity is correct. However, the chronology is favourable and no other person with this name has yet been found in the primary sources consulted during the preparation of the present document. Mistress of: ETIENNE de Blois Comte de Mortain, son of ETIENNE Comte de Blois & his wife Adela of England (Blois [1096/97]-Dover 25 Oct 1154, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent). He succeeded in 1135 as STEPHEN King of England.

vii) AVELINE . Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroianus" married "Feliciam…Guarnerii de Coneraia filiam" as his second wife and had three sons "Guillelmum…et Rodbertum ac Matthæum" and three daughters "Agatham, Damatam et Avelinam"[258].

8. HUGUES (-[1040/50]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”[259]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in as later passage that Hugues “juventute florens” was mortally wounded during the siege of “castro S. Scolasticæ”[260].

9. GIROIE (-[1050/60]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”[261]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that Giroie “primo flore juventutis” raided “prædam in terra Lexoviensis ecclesie” [Lisieux] and died after returning to Montreuil “in amentiam” [in a fit of madness][262]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Willermus”, brother of "Ernaldo...Willermi filio", donated "situm in Maisnil Bernardi in honore sancti Sulpitii" and other named properties to Ouche, with the consent of “Geroio fratre eius [referring to his paternal uncle] et cognatis...Geroio atque Fulcoio”[263].

10. EMMA . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”[264]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that Emma married “Rogerio de Merula” by whom she had “Rodulfus et Willermus”, the latter being father of “Rodulfi et Rogerii vicinorum nostrorum”[265]. m ROGER de Merlerault, son of ---. Roger & his wife had two children:

a) RAOUL de Merlerault . Orderic Vitalis names “Rodulfus et Willermus” as the sons of “Rogerio de Merula” and his wife[266].

b) GUILLAUME de Merlerault . Orderic Vitalis names “Rodulfus et Willermus”, the latter being father of “Rodulfi et Rogerii vicinorum nostrorum”, as the sons of “Rogerio de Merula” and his wife[267]. m ---. The name of Guillaume's wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had two children:

i) RAOUL de Merlerault . Orderic Vitalis names “Rodulfus et Willermus”, the latter being father of “Rodulfi et Rogerii vicinorum nostrorum”, as the sons of “Rogerio de Merula” and his wife[268].

ii) ROGER de Merlerault . Orderic Vitalis names “Rodulfus et Willermus”, the latter being father of “Rodulfi et Rogerii vicinorum nostrorum”, as the sons of “Rogerio de Merula” and his wife[269].

11. ADELAIS . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”[270]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that "quarta filia [Geroii] Adelais" married "Salomoni de Sablolio", by whom she had "Rainaldum" adding that "cujus proles…Lisiardus" is now a supporter of Henry I King of England in Anjou[271]. m SALOMON de Sablé, son of ---.

The precise relationship between the following person and the Giroie family has not been established. She may have been related to Arnaud d’Echaufour through the female line, so could have belonged to the families either of Arnaud’s mother or of his paternal grandmother Gisla de Montfort-sur-Risle.

1. RICHEREDA, daughter of --- (bur Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle[272]). Orderic Vitalis records that "Engenulfus et Richuereda uxor eius" donated the deceased’s horse to Ouche after "Rogerius primogenitus Engenulfi de Aquila filius" was killed, dated to [1059/61][273]. Her relationship with the Giroie family is indicated by Orderic Vitalis who records that "Ernaldus" [Arnaud d’Echaufour, son of Guillaume Giroie, see above] received "equum consobrini sui Rogerii" [her son] from “Rodberto abbate” [Robert de Grantmesnil, abbot of Ouche], dated to [1059/61][274]. "Richer de Aquila son of Ingenulf de Aquila" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Evroul by charter dated to [1099] (although this date is incorrect if the date of his death is as shown above), witnessed by "domina matre mea Richoereda…"[275]. m ENGENULF de Laigle [de l'Aigle], son of --- (-killed in battle Hastings 17 Oct 1066, bur Monastery of Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle).

The precise relationships between the following individuals and the main Giroie family have not yet been ascertained:

1. ROBERT Geroie (-after [1172/78]). Seigneur de Saint Serein, d’Echauffour et de Montreuil. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Saint-Evroul , at the request of "fidelis mei Roberti Geroiani domini Sancti Serenici Eschalfoii et Musterelli et W. filii sui primogeniti et Geroii de Musterello" by charter dated [1172/78][276]. m ---. The name of Robert’s wife is not known. Robert & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME (-after [1172/78]). Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Saint-Evroul , at the request of "fidelis mei Roberti Geroiani domini Sancti Serenici Eschalfoii et Musterelli et W. filii sui primogeniti et Geroii de Musterello" by charter dated [1172/78][277].

2. [GEROIE de Montreuil (-after [1172/78]). Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Saint-Evroul , at the request of "fidelis mei Roberti Geroiani domini Sancti Serenici Eschalfoii et Musterelli et W. filii sui primogeniti et Geroii de Musterello" by charter dated [1172/78][278]. The precise relationship between Geroie de Montreuil and Robert Geroie has not yet been identified.]

E. GRANTMESNIL

ROBERT de Grantmesnil, son of --- (-killed in battle 17 Jun [1040]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Robertus de Grentesmaisnil” died in the same battle as “Rogerius [de Toenia]“[279]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "17 Jun" of "Robertus de Grentemesnil"[280].

m as her first husband, HAWISE, daughter of GIROIE & his wife Gisla de Bastembourg (-10 May ----). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Richardus Ebroicensis comes...Willelmus...frater eius” married “Hadevisam filia Geroii relictam Roberti de Grentemaisnil”[281]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that Hawise married firstly “Rodberto de Grentemaisnilio”, by whom she had “Hugonem et Rodbertum et Ernaldum et totidem filias”, and secondly “Willermo Rodberti archiepiscopo filio” by whom she had “Judith” who later married “Rogerii comitis Siciliæ”[282]. She married secondly Guillaume d'Evreux [Normandie]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "10 May" of "Haudvisa mater Hugonis de Grentesmesnil"[283].

Robert & his wife had [seven] children:

1. HUGUES de Grantmesnil ([1025]-in England 22 Feb 1098, bur Ouche Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis names “Hugonem et Rodbertum et Ernaldum et totidem filias” as the children of “Rodberto de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife[284].

- see below.

2. ROBERT de Grantmesnil (-St Euphemia 12 Dec [1082]). Orderic Vitalis names “Hugonem et Rodbertum et Ernaldum et totidem filias” as the children of “Rodberto de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife[285]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Willermus et Rotbertus filii Geroi et Hugo ac Rotbertus filii Rotberti de Grentesmaisnilio” sought the consent of Guillaume II Duke of Normandy in 1050 to restore “Uticum cœnobio”[286]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Robertus de Grentemaisnil...cum fratre suo Hugone” with “Willelmus Geroii filius” restored “monasterii sancti Ebrulfi apud Uticum”[287]. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Willermus filius Geroii monachus Becci et nepotes eius Robertus et Hugo de Grentemaisnil" restored "monasterium Sancti Ebrulfi apud Uticum"[288]. The Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ records that "Willelmus et nepotes sui Robertus et Hugo de Grentimenti" restored "monasterium sancti Ebrulfi" and donated “villam Russerie” to Bec[289]. Orderic Vitalis records that “nepotes sui Hugo et Rotbertus” founded “apud Nuceretum villam suam prope Grentemaisnilium...cœnobium”, inspired by “Willermi filii Geroii avunculi sui”[290]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Rodbertus et Hugo et Ernaldus filii Rodberti de Grentemaisnilio" donated "in Nucereto ecclesia...villa...Solengiacus, in Oillei...Anglisca...villa...ecclesia...Villaris...in monasterio de Waiprato...decimam de Buinna, et in Belmeis tertiam partem molendini...unum hospitem in Collavilla" and numerous other named properties to Ouche[291]. Abbot of Saint-Evroul d’Ouche: Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertum de Grentemaisnilio” was elected abbot of Ouche in 1059[292]. Orderic Vitalis records disputes between his vassals and Duke Guillaume and the resignation “VI Kal Feb” [1061] of “Rodbertus Uticensium abbas” following complaints about him, adding in a later passage that Robert went “ad parentes suos in Apuliam”, before returning to Normandy with two Papal legates to reclaim his abbey unsuccessfully[293]. Abbot of St Euphemia in Calabria: Orderic Vitalis records that Robert de Grantmesnil, ex-abbot of Ouche, in seeking his restoration as abbot sought help from “Rodbertum Wiscardum Calabriæ ducem” who invited him and his monks to install themselves permanently there and granted “ecclesiam Sanctæ Eufemiæ...super littus Adriatici maris” to him, dated to [1061/63][294]. Malaterra records the marriage "apud Sanctum Martinum" of "abbatum Sanctæ Euphemiæ Robertum…Judicta sorore sua" and Count Roger[295]. Orderic Vitalis records that in 1077 “Goisfredus nepos Eustachii Bolonensium comitis nepos” was appointed bishop of Chartres, in opposition to “Rodbertus...abbas frater Hugonis de Grentemaisnilio”[296]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus abbas Sanctæ Eufemiæ” was poisoned by “quidam genere Saracenus, arte pistoria Brixensi cœnobio” and died “II Id Dec”, dated to [1082][297].

3. ARNAUD de Grantmesnil . Orderic Vitalis names “Hugonem et Rodbertum et Ernaldum et totidem filias” as the children of “Rodberto de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife[298]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Rodbertus et Hugo et Ernaldus filii Rodberti de Grentemaisnilio" donated "in Nucereto ecclesia...villa...Solengiacus, in Oillei...Anglisca...villa...ecclesia...Villaris...in monasterio de Waiprato...decimam de Buinna, et in Belmeis tertiam partem molendini...unum hospitem in Collavilla" and numerous other named properties to Ouche[299]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Willermus de Monsteriolo et Ernaldus de Grentemaisnilio” among those who left Normandy and settled in Apulia[300]. Europäische Stammtafeln dates his journey to Italy in [1050][301], although the basis for this speculation is not known. Malaterra names "iuvenis…Arnaldus…frater iuvenculæ uxoris eius [Rogerii comitis Siciliæ]"[302].

4. daughter . Orderic Vitalis names “Hugonem et Rodbertum et Ernaldum et totidem filias” as the children of “Rodberto de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife[303]. same person as…? AGNES de Grantmesnil (-29 Sep ----). The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "29 Sep" of "Agnes soror Hugonis de Grentemesnil"[304].

5. ADELISE de Grantmesnil (-after [1068/69]). Orderic Vitalis names “Hugonem et Rodbertum et Ernaldum et totidem filias” as the children of “Rodberto de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife[305]. Her marriage is confirmed by Orderic Vitalis who records that “Hugo de Grentemaisnil, qui præsidatum Gewissorum, id est Guentanæ regionis” [presumably Hampshire] and “sororius eius Unfridus de Telliolo...Hastingas...custodiendum” returned to Normandy wanting to rejoin their wives, dated to [1068/69][306]. Orderic Vitalis names [her son] “Rodbertus...Rodelenti princeps” whose “pater...fuit filius Amfridi de progenie Dacorum, Adeliza...mater eius soror Hugonis de Grentemaisnil de...stirpe Geroianorum”[307]. m HONFROI de Tilleul, son of AMFRID & his wife --- (-after [1068/69]). Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertus...Rodelenti princeps” whose “pater...fuit filius Amfridi de progenie Dacorum, Adeliza...mater eius soror Hugonis de Grentemaisnil de...stirpe Geroianorum”[308]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugo de Grentemaisnil, qui præsidatum Gewissorum, id est Guentanæ regionis” [presumably Hampshire] and “sororius eius Unfridus de Telliolo...Hastingas...custodiendum” returned to Normandy wanting to rejoin their wives, dated to [1068/69][309]. La Roque identified as earliest ancestor of the Tilly family “Amfrid Sire de Tilly capitaine du chasteau de Hasting en Angleterre (l’an 1068) qui épousa Alix de Grentemesnil sœur de Hugues Sire de Grentemesnil”[310]. This appears to refer to Honfroi de Tilleul, who married Adelise de Grantmesnil, but no source has been identified which confirms that this couple’s known sons left descendants. It appears that La Roque was incorrect. Honfroi & his wife had three children:

a) ARNAUD de Tilleul (-after [1090/95]). Orderic Vitalis records that "Drogo filius Goisfredi de Novo-Mercato et Rogerius Erneisi de Coluncis filius nepos Guillelmi de Guarenna et Ernaldus Unfridi de Telliolo filius, nepos ex sorore Hugonis de Grentemaisnilio" donated revenue[311]. Monk at Ouche Saint-Evroult. Orderic Vitalis records that “Ernaldus monachus Unfridi filius” had “in adolescentia” left the knighthood and became a monk at Ouche Saint-Evroul where he lived for nearly 50 years[312]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus...Rodelenti princeps” made donations to “Uticense cœnobium” where “fratres sui Ernaldus et Rogerius” were monks[313]. Orderic Vitalis records that “aliquot annos” after the death of “Rodbertus, Unfridi filius” [Robert of Rhuddlan, son of Onfroi de Tilleul and his wife Adelise de Grantmesnil], “Ernaldus monachus Unfridi filius” went to England to bring back “ossa Rodberti fratris sui” to Normandy where they were buried at Ouche Saint-Evroul[314].

b) ROBERT of Rhuddlan (before [1046/48]-killed in battle Hormaheva [1087], bur Ouche Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertus...Rodelenti princeps” whose “pater...fuit filius Amfridi de progenie Dacorum, Adeliza...mater eius soror Hugonis de Grentemaisnil de...stirpe Geroianorum”[315]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus, Unfridi filius” went “dum puer erat cum patre suo in Angliam” and served “Eduardo regi” who knight him, before returning to Normandy, and that after “Senlacio bello” he went again “cum Hugone consobrino suo, Richardi de Abrincis cognomento Goz filio” to England where, after Hugues received “comitatus Cestrensis”, he was made “militiæ eius et totius provinciæ gubernator” and granted “oppidum...apud Rodelentum” which King William had built “contra Guallos”[316]. Robert’s birth date is estimated from his being knighted by King Edward before his death in 1066. Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugues de Grantmesnil et nepos suus Robert de Ruddlan” witnessed the charter dated to [1081] under which William I King of England confirmed the possessions of Ouche[317]. Orderic Vitalis names “Hugo de Grentemaisnil...ac Rodbertus de Rodelento nepos eius” among the followers of “Odo...palatinus Cantiæ consul”[318]. Orderic Vitalis records the death of “Hugo...juvenis...Hugonis de Grantemaisnil filius et cognatus eius Rodbertus de Rodelento”, dated to 1087 from the context[319]. Orderic Vitalis records that “aliquot annos” after the death of “Rodbertus, Unfridi filius”, “Ernaldus monachus Unfridi filius” went to England to bring back “ossa Rodberti fratris sui” to Normandy where they were buried at Ouche Saint-Evroul[320].

c) ROGER . Monk at Ouche Saint-Evroult. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus...Rodelenti princeps” made donations to “Uticense cœnobium” where “fratres sui Ernaldus et Rogerius” were monks[321].

6. daughter . Orderic Vitalis names “Hugonem et Rodbertum et Ernaldum et totidem filias” as the children of “Rodberto de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife[322]. [same person as...? EMMA . Orderic Vitalis records that “duæ sorores uterinæ Rodberti abbatis [Robert de Grantmesnil, ex-abbot of Ouche] Judith et Emma” had been left “apud Uticum in capella sancti Ebrulfi...sub sacro velamine”, that when they learnt that “Rodbertum fratrem suum” was established in Apulia with “secular power” (“sæculari potentia”) they left for Italy where they both married, Judith marrying “Rogerius Siciliæ comes” and Emma marrying “aliusque comes, cujus nomen no recolo”, dated to [1061/63][323]. The reference to Judith and Emma being “sorores uterinæ” suggests that they did not share the same father as Robert. However, in another passage, the same source names Judith as the child (implicitly “only child”) of “Willermo Rodberti archiepiscopo filio” and his wife[324]. It is therefore unclear whether Emma was one of Robert’s full sisters or half-sisters, although the order of the names of the two sisters suggests that Emma was younger than Judith and therefore born from the same marriage of their mother. m ---.]

7. [--- . The name and parentage of the wife of Richard “le Goz” Vicomte d’Avranches is not known. She is called “Emma” in the Complete Peerage[325], but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. A manuscript relating to St Werburgh’s Chester records that “Hugo Lupus filius ducis Britanniæ et nepos Gulielmi magni ex sorore” transformed the foundation into a monastery[326]. This suggests that Hugues’s mother may have been a uterine sister of King William, and therefore daughter of Herluin de Conteville. However, no indication has been in other primary sources which supports the contention that Hugues was the son of a duke of Brittany. It is assumed therefore that both lines of his parentage have been romanticised in this document to improve his status and reputation. Another possibility is that she was related to the Grantmesnil family: Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus, Unfridi filius” [Robert of Rhuddlan, son of Onfroi de Tilleul and his wife Adelise de Grantmesnil] went “cum Hugone consobrino suo, Richardi de Abrincis cognomento Goz filio” to England[327]. If the relationship is correct as indicated by Orderic, from a chronological point of view she could have been another daughter of Hugues de Grantmesnil, maybe the same person as the unnamed third daughter who is shown above. m (before [1047]) RICHARD "le Goz" Vicomte d’Avranches, son of Vicomte THURSTAN “le Goz” & his wife --- (-after 1082).]

HUGUES de Grantmesnil, son of ROBERT de Grantmesnil & his wife Hawise --- ([1025][328]-in England 22 Feb 1098, bur Ouche Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis names “Hugonem et Rodbertum et Ernaldum et totidem filias” as the children of “Rodberto de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife[329]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Robertus de Grentemaisnil...cum fratre suo Hugone” with “Willelmus Geroii filius” restored “monasterii sancti Ebrulfi apud Uticum”[330]. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Willermus filius Geroii monachus Becci et nepotes eius Robertus et Hugo de Grentemaisnil" restored "monasterium Sancti Ebrulfi apud Uticum"[331]. The Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ records that "Willelmus et nepotes sui Robertus et Hugo de Grentimenti" restored "monasterium sancti Ebrulfi" and donated “villam Russerie” to Bec[332]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Willermus et Rotbertus filii Geroi et Hugo ac Rotbertus filii Rotberti de Grentesmaisnilio” sought the consent of Guillaume II Duke of Normandy in 1050 to restore “Uticum cœnobio”[333]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Rodbertus et Hugo et Ernaldus filii Rodberti de Grentemaisnilio" donated "in Nucereto ecclesia...villa...Solengiacus, in Oillei...Anglisca...villa...ecclesia...Villaris...in monasterio de Waiprato...decimam de Buinna, et in Belmeis tertiam partem molendini...unum hospitem in Collavilla" and numerous other named properties to Ouche[334]. Orderic Vitalis records that “nepotes sui Hugo et Rotbertus” founded “apud Nuceretum villam suam prope Grentemaisnilium...cœnobium”, inspired by “Willermi filii Geroii avunculi sui”[335]. Orderic Vitalis records disputes between his vassals and Duke Guillaume who exiled “milites Rodulfum de Toenia et Hugonem de Grentemaisnilio atque Ernaldum de Escalfoio”, dated to [1059/61][336], the same source recording in a later passage that Duke Guillaume recalled “Rodulfum de Toenia et Hugonem de Grentemaisnilio”, dated to [1063][337]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Hugo de Grentemasinilio et Rogerius de Molbraio...” among the leading lords under Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[338]. The Chronique de Normandie, based on le Roman de Rou, names "le sire de Grenmesnil" among those who took part in the conquest of England in 1066[339]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Hugo de Grentemaisnilio et Guillermus de Garenna...” among those who took part in the battle of Hastings[340]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William installed “Guillermum Osberni filium” at his new fortress at Winchester (“intra mœnia Guentæ”) and appointed him “vice sua toti regno versus Aquilonem”, while he granted “Doveram...totamque Cantiam” to “Odoni fratri suo”, and thus he entrusted “his duobus præfecturam Angliæ”, seconded by “Hugonem de Grentemaisnilio et Hugonem de Monteforti, Guillelmumque de Garenna”, dated to 1067[341]. Sheriff of Leicester: Orderic Vitalis records that King William I granted the command of "municipatum Legrecestræ" to "Hugoni...de Grentemaisnilio"[342]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugo de Grentemaisnil, qui præsidatum Gewissorum, id est Guentanæ regionis” [presumably Hampshire] and “sororius eius Unfridus de Telliolo...Hastingas...custodiendum” returned to Normandy wanting to rejoin their wives, dated to [1068/69][343]. "…Hugonis de Grentemaisnil…" witnessed a charter dated to [1077] under which William I King of England granted property to the abbey of Saint-Etienne de Caen[344]. Domesday Book records “Hugh de Grantmesnil” holding land in Thundridge, Braughing Hundred, in Hertfordshire from the bishop of Bayeux, and land in Ware also in Hertfordshire; Pebworth, Broad Marston, Upper Quinton, Lower Quinton, Weston-on-Avon and Willicote in Gloucestershire, numerous properties in Leicestershire[345]. He fought Robert de Bellême and his castle of Courcy was besieged by Robert III Duke of Normandy in 1091[346]. Orderic Vitalis records that in 1098 “Hugo de Grentemaisnil” fell ill in England, became a monk, and died “VIII Kal Mar”, his body being returned to Normandy for burial at Ouche[347]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "21 Feb" of "Hugo de Grentesmesnil comes Leecestriæ, fundator hujus cœnobii, monachus nostræ congregationis"[348].

m ([before 1060]) ADELISE de Beaumont, daughter of IVES [II] Comte de Beaumont & his first wife Judith --- ([before 1045]-Rouen 11 Jul 1091, bur Ouche Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” married “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”[349]. The date of her marriage is estimated based on the estimated birth date of the couple’s oldest known son. Domesday Book records “Adeliza wife of Hugh de Grandmesnil” holding Broxbourne in Hertford Hundred in Hertfordshire; land in Shelton, Houghton Conquest and Chalton in Bedfordshire[350]. She owned Peatling Magna, in the possession of Leofric in 1086 in Domesday Book[351]. Orderic Vitalis records the death “Rotomagi V Id Jul” of “Adeliza...Ivonis de Bellomonte comitis, de Judæa genetrice, filia”, wife of Hugues de Grantmesnil, seven years before her husband died and her burial at Ouche, adding that she and her husband has six sons and six daughters[352].

Hugues & his wife had twelve children:

1. ROBERT de Grantmesnil ([before 1060]-1 Jun [1136], bur Ouche Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertum, Guillelmum, Hugonem, Ivonem, Albericum” as the sons of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”[353]. Considering that Robert's younger brother Guillaume was considered of marriageable age before [1081] (see below), it is unlikely that Robert was born later than [1060], although this would mean that he was probably in his fifties at the time of his first marriage (considering the estimated birth date range of his first wife) which seems surprising. “…Rotberti de Grentemaisnillo, Ivonis de Grentemaisnillo…” witnessed the charter dated Sep 1093 under which William II King of England donated property to Lincoln cathedral[354]. "…Robert de Grentone-Maisnil…" witnessed the undated charter under which Robert III Duke of Normandy donated property to Saint-Etienne de Caen[355]. "Robert de Grantemsnil et Robert de sancto Serenico" confirmed donations of property to the abbey of Saint-Evroul made by "their progenitors Hugh and Robert de Grentemesnil" by charter dated to [1127/28][356]. Orderic Vitalis records that Robert de Grantmesnil died “Kal Jun” 38 years after his father and was buried at Ouche “cum duabus uxoribus suis: Agnete et Emma”[357]. m [firstly] [as her second husband,] EMMA d’Estouteville, [widow of ERRAND Seigneur d'Harcourt[358],] daughter of ROBERT [I] d'Estouteville & his wife [Beatrix ---] (-bur Ouche Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis records that Robert de Grantmesnil, son of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife, married secondly “Emmam Rodberti de Stotevilla filiam”[359]. The chronology of these families suggests that Emma must have been Robert’s first wife not his second. The Liber Vitæ of Durham names "Robertus de Stuteville, Beatrix uxor eius, Robertus, Graulfus, Willelmus filii eorum, Emma Robertus…" and in a later passage the same names with the last two replaced by "Emme uxor Rodberti, Rodbertus filius eius…"[360]. La Roque states that “une généalogie de la maison d’Estouteville” names Errand’s wife as “Emme et la comprend entre ceux du sang...[de] Robert d’Estouteville”, suggesting that she was the same person who later married “Hugues de Grentesmesnil”[361]. The passage is somewhat garbled and in any case La Roque does not provide a citation reference to the source in question or quote it in his “Preuves”. It is suggested that, until further documentation comes to light, this supposed marriage of Errand should be treated with caution. Orderic Vitalis records that Robert de Grantmesnil died “Kal Jun” 38 years after his father and was buried at Ouche “cum duabus uxoribus suis: Agnete et Emma”[362]. m [secondly] LUCY, daughter of SAVARY de Beaumont-au-Maine & his wife Muriel de Bohun. Orderic Vitalis records that Robert de Grantmesnil, son of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife, married thirdly “Luciam Savarici filii Cani filiam”[363]. Given the likely chronology of Robert’s wife Agnes, it is probable that Lucy was his second rather than his third wife. m [thirdly] AGNES [Aveline], daughter of RANULF "le Meschin" Vicomte du Bessin [Bayeux] [later Earl of Chester] & his wife Lucy --- ([1098/1105]-bur Ouche Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis records that Robert de Grantmesnil, son of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife, married firstly “Agnetem Ranulfi Bajocensis filiam”[364]. Her birth date range is estimated from the likely marriage date of her parents. If that range is correct, it is more likely that Agnes was Robert’s third wife than his first. Orderic Vitalis records that Robert de Grantmesnil died “Kal Jun” 38 years after his father and was buried at Ouche “cum duabus uxoribus suis: Agnete et Emma”[365]. Robert de Grantmesnil & his [first] wife had one child:

a) ROBERT . The Liber Vitæ of Durham names "Robertus de Stuteville, Beatrix uxor eius, Robertus, Graulfus, Willelmus filii eorum, Emma Robertus…" and in a later passage the same names with the last two replaced by "Emme uxor Rodberti, Rodbertus filius eius…"[366].

Robert de Grantmesnil & his [first/second] wife had [two] children:

b) AGNES de Grantmesnil (-after 1115). Orderic Vitalis records that Robert had recently married "Agnete filia Rodberti de Gretemaisnilio" when he was banished from Normandy by Henry I King of England, and left with her for Apulia[367]. The chronology suggests that she was born either from her father’s first or second marriage. m ([1115]) ROBERT Seigneur de Moulins-la-Marche, son of GUILLAUME Seigneur de Moulins-la-Marche & his first wife Albreda [de Moulins].

c) [HUGUES de Grantmesnil . "Hugues de Grantmesnil" is named as father of Pernel, wife of Robert de Beaumont Earl of Leicester, in an account of the foundation of Leicester Abbey, but the Complete Peerage casts doubt on the accuracy of this statement as the same source gives details of Pernel's inheritance from him which are clearly incorrect[368]. No other reference to this person has been found. As noted below, Pernel named her father as Guillaume in a charter for Saint-Evroult Notre-Dame-du-Bois which suggests that this Hugues did not exist.]

2. GUILLAUME [I] de Grantmesnil (-[before 1114]). Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertum, Guillelmum, Hugonem, Ivonem, Albericum” as the sons of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”[369]. Orderic Vitalis records that King William I offered “neptem suam Rodberti...Moritolii comitis filiam” in marriage to Guillaume de Grantmesnil, who refused and left for Apulia[370]. Europäische Stammtafeln states that he was in Apulia from 1081[371], although the basis for this is not known as it is not possible to date the passage in Orderic which is quoted above. Orderic Vitalis states that he was "avunculus" of Arnoul de Montpinçon, whose "acquisitions" inspired the latter to set out for Apulia[372]. Orderic Vitalis also records that he took part in Robert Guiscard's campaign against Durazzo in 1081 and that he was summoned by Duke Robert to his deathbed[373]. He was granted land in the valleys of the Crati, the Coscile and at Cotrone[374], although it is not known whether this refers to part of the "fifteen castles" of his wife's dowry (see below) or whether they were grants made to Guillaume in his own right before his marriage. Either way, it is clear that Guillaume's career in Apulia must have been particularly successful for him to have risen from a relatively obscure background and to have made such a prominent marriage. Orderic Vitalis records that in Jun [1098] “Willelmus...de Grentemaisnil et Albericus frater eius, Guido Trussellus et Lambertus Pauper”, fearing for their safety if the Turks recaptured Antioch, escaped from the city by attaching ropes to the walls, after which they were all to their shame called “furtivi Funambuli” for the rest of their lives[375]. Albert of Aix records that "Willelmus Carpentarius, Willelmusque alter, quondam familiaris et domesticus imperatoris Constantinopolis, qui et sororem Boemundi principis Siciliæ uxorem duxerat", escaped "out of fear" from Antioch to Alexandretta, believing that the crusading army was doomed after it was besieged by Kerbogha atabeg of Mosul, dated to mid-1098 from the context[376]. Orderic Vitalis records that Guillaume died in Apulia after returning “de Antiochia”[377]. From the context, the date of his death appears to have been before 1114. Europäische Stammtafeln[378] refers to "1130" but the source to which this relates has not so far been found. m (Apulia [1088/1089]) MABEL of Apulia, daughter of ROBERT "Guiscard/Weasel" de Hauteville Duke of Apulia & his second wife Sichelgaita of Salerno. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rogerus...Crumena id est bursa [dux] Calabriæ” arranged the marriage of “Mabiliam sororem suam” to “Guillelmo de Grentemaisnil”, after reaching a settlement with his [half-brother] Marco Bohemond, dated to [1088/89][379]. In a later passage, Orderic names her "Mabiliam...Curta-Lupa" and specifies that her dowry consisted of fifteen castles[380]. "La contessa Mabilia, vedova del protosebasta Guglielmo di Grantmesnil ed il figlio Guglielmo" donated the church of San Pietro di Bragalla to Cava by charter dated Sep 1117[381]. Guillaume [I] & his wife had two children:

a) GUILLAUME [II] de Grantmesnil (-[3 Oct], 1118 or after). Orderic Vitalis names “Guillelmum et Rodbertum” as the two sons of Guillaume de Grantmesnil and his wife[382]. He succeeded his father but did not long survive him[383]. "La contessa Mabilia, vedova del protosebasta Guglielmo di Grantmesnil ed il figlio Guglielmo" donated the church of San Pietro di Bragalla to Cava by charter dated Sep 1117[384]. The possibility of his death “3 Oct” is discussed under his possible wife Agatha. [m AGATHA, daughter of --- (-3 Oct ----). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[385], Agatha was the first wife of Guillaume [I] de Grantmesnil. However, the necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "V Non Oct" of "Willelmus de Grandmesnil et uxor eius Agatha"[386]. This recording of dual names in necrologies normally reflects the death of the husband, and a subsequent donation by the widow in his memory. This is inconsistent with Agatha being the wife of Guillaume [I]. It is therefore suggested that Agatha may have been the wife of Guillaume [II], although it is possible that the entry refers to an altogether different Guillaume and his wife.]

b) ROBERT de Grantmesnil (-after 1129). Orderic Vitalis names “Guillelmum et Rodbertum” as the two sons of Guillaume de Grantmesnil and his wife[387]. He abandoned his fiefs after a dispute about military service and returned to his kinsfolk north of the Alps in 1129[388].

3. HUGUES de Grantmesnil (-[1087], bur Ouche Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertum, Guillelmum, Hugonem, Ivonem, Albericum” as the sons of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”[389]. Orderic Vitalis records the death of “Hugo...juvenis...Hugonis de Grantemaisnil filius et cognatus eius Rodbertus de Rodelento”, dated to 1087 from the context[390]. In a later passage, the same source records that “Hugo...miles” died “in juventute” and was buried at Ouche[391].

4. IVES de Grantmesnil (-after 1102). Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertum, Guillelmum, Hugonem, Ivonem, Albericum” as the sons of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”[392]. “Ivo filius Hugonis de Grentismaisnilo…Robertus Burdet…” witnessed the charter dated 1 Jul 1077 under which "Gosfredus de Wirchia…uxorisque meæ Aluevæ" founded Monks Kirby priory and donated it to Angers Saint-Nicolas[393]. “…Rotberti de Grentemaisnillo, Ivonis de Grentemaisnillo…” witnessed the charter dated Sep 1093 under which William II King of England donated property to Lincoln cathedral[394]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Ivo et Albericus filii Hugonis de Grentemaisnilio” among those who left Normandy in Sep 1096 with “Rodbertus dux Normannorum” on the First Crusade[395]. He held his father's honour in England "for a little while" but later pledged it to Robert Comte de Meulan. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of his father, “Ivo” inherited “paternum honorem in Anglia” but that during the reign of King Henry I he pledged them to “Rodberto consuli de Mellento” to finance two journeys to Jerusalem, that during the first journey he suffered much “apud Antiochiam”, and that he died during the second journey[396]. m --- de Gand, daughter of GILBERT van Gent & his wife Alice de Montfort-sur-Risle. Orderic Vitalis records that Ives de Grantmesnil, son of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife, married “in Anglia Gislberti de Ganda filiam”[397]. Ives & his wife had two children:

a) IVES de Grantmesnil (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). Orderic Vitalis names "duo elegantes filii Yvonis de Grentemaisnil" among those who drowned in the White Ship in 1120[398].

b) --- de Grantmesnil (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). Orderic Vitalis names "duo elegantes filii Yvonis de Grentemaisnil" among those who drowned in the White Ship in 1120[399].

5. AUBREY de Grantmesnil (-after [Jul] 1097). Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertum, Guillelmum, Hugonem, Ivonem, Albericum” as the sons of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”[400]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Ivo et Albericus filii Hugonis de Grentemaisnilio” among those who left Normandy in Sep 1096 with “Rodbertus dux Normannorum” on the First Crusade[401]. Orderic Vitalis records that in Jun [1098] “Willelmus...de Grentemaisnil et Albericus frater eius, Guido Trussellus et Lambertus Pauper”, fearing for their safety if the Turks recaptured Antioch, escaped from the city by attaching ropes to the walls, after which they were all to their shame called “furtivi Funambuli” for the rest of their lives[402]. A later passage in the same source records that “Albericus...ætate junior” studied in boyhood, but abandoned “clericatu, ad militiam” and that he wounded “Tancredum Odonis Boni Marchisi filius” who as a result limped for the rest of his life[403].

6. son . Orderic Vitalis records Hugues de Grantmesnil and his wife had six sons and six daughters, but does not mention the exploits of the sixth son and sixth daughter[404].

7. ADELINE de Grantmesnil (-[1110/11]). Orderic Vitalis names “Adelinam et Hadvisam, Rochesiam et Mathildem et Agnetem” as the daughters of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”, adding that Adeline married “Rogerio de Ibreio”[405]. Domesday Book records “the wife of Roger d’Ivry” holding land in Islip, Kiddington and Oddington in Oxfordshire[406]. She died soon after making grants to Abingdon Abbey in [1110/11][407]. Orderic Vitalis records that, about thirty years after the burial of his father, “Hugo de Monte-Pincionis” visited Ouche with “Radulfum primogenitum suum...et Mathildem uxorem suam...Hugonis de Grentesmaisnil filia”, adding that the latter was then mourning “sororem...suam Adelinam” who had recently died[408]. m ROGER Seigneur d'Ivry, son of [ROBERT d’Ivry & his wife Albreda ---] (-after 24 Apr 1089).

8. HAWISE de Grantmesnil . Orderic Vitalis names “Adelinam et Hadvisam, Rochesiam et Mathildem et Agnetem” as the daughters of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”, adding that Hawise died unmarried[409].

9. ROHESE de Grantmesnil . Orderic Vitalis names “Adelinam et Hadvisam, Rochesiam et Mathildem et Agnetem” as the daughters of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”, adding that Rohese married “Roberto de Curceio”[410]. m ROBERT de Courcy, son of RICHARD de Courcy & his wife --- (-after 1102).

10. MATHILDE de Grantmesnil (-Jaffa). Orderic Vitalis names “Adelinam et Hadvisam, Rochesiam et Mathildem et Agnetem” as the daughters of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”[411]. Orderic Vitalis records that, about thirty years after the burial of his father, “Hugo de Monte-Pincionis” visited Ouche with “Radulfum primogenitum suum...et Mathildem uxorem suam...Hugonis de Grentesmaisnil filia”, adding that the latter was then mourning “sororem...suam Adelinam” who had recently died[412]. Orderic Vitalis records that Mathilde, after the death of her first husband, fell in love with “tironem exulantem Mathiellum” and went with him to Jerusalem, but they both died in the same year, he “in Apulia”, she “Joppe”[413]. m [firstly] HUGUES de Montpinçon, son of RAOUL de Montpinçon & his wife Adelisa --- (-Rouen 7 Mar ----, bur St Evroul). He died aged 60[414]. [m secondly MATHIEU, son of ---. Orderic Vitalis records that Mathilde, after the death of her first husband, fell in love with “tironem exulantem Mathiellum” and went with him to Jerusalem, but they both died in the same year, he “in Apulia”, she “Joppe”[415].]

11. AGNES de Grantmesnil (-14 Sep ----). Orderic Vitalis names “Adelinam et Hadvisam, Rochesiam et Mathildem et Agnetem” as the daughters of “Hugo de Grentemaisnilio” and his wife “Adelidem filiam Ivonis comitis de Bellomonte”, adding that Agnes married “Guillelmo de Saia”[416]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "14 Sep" of "Agnes filia Hugonis de Grentesmesnil"[417]. m GUILLAUME de Say, son of ---.

12. daughter . Orderic Vitalis records Hugues de Grantmesnil and his wife had six sons and six daughters, but does not mention the exploits of the sixth son and sixth daughter[418].

The precise relationship of the following small family group to the main Grantmesnil family is uncertain. Guillaume is named as father of Pernel, wife of Robert de Beaumont Earl of Leicester, in the charter for Notre-Dame-du-Bois de Saint-Evroult cited below. He has not otherwise been identified. As his daughter brought Grantmesnil to her husband, as noted below, Guillaume must have been senior heir of the Grantmesnil family. There appear to be three possibilities. (1) He could have been an otherwise unidentified son of Robert Seigneur de Moulins-la-Marche and his wife Agnes de Grantmesnil, daughter of Robert de Grantmesnil. However, in that case Pernel would have been great-great-granddaughter of Hugues de Grantmesnil, not his great-granddaughter as noted in the [1190/1204] charter cited below. (2) Guillaume could have been the same person of Guillaume [II] de Grantmesnil, grandson of Hugues de Grantmesnil by his second son Guillaume [I], who would have inherited the family estates assuming that Agnes de Grantmesnil had died childless. If that is correct, Guillaume [II] would have died much later than Sep 1117 (the date of the record in which he is named as noted above) considering Pernel’s estimated marriage date. (3) He could have been the grandson of Hugues de Grantmesnil by a younger son or one of his daughters named above, in which case Guillaume’s branch of the family would have inherited Grantmesnil because all children of both Robert de Grantmesnil and Guillaume [I] de Grantmesnil died without surviving descendants. Speculation on which possibility might be correct is fruitless without further primary source documentation which indicates the inheritance of Grantmesnil after the death of Robert de Grantmesnil in [1136].

1. GUILLAUME . m ---. The name of Guillaume's wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) PERNEL [Petronille] (-1 Apr 1212). Pernel is named as great-granddaughter of Hugues de Grantmesnil in the [1190/1204] charter of her son Robert FitzPernel to the abbey of St Evroul[419]. She names her father “Guillaume” in one of her charters for Notre-Dame-du-Bois de Saint-Evroult[420]. Her father is named Hugues de Grantmesnil (supposed son of Robert de Grantmesnil) in an account of the foundation of Leicester Abbey, although the Complete Peerage casts doubt on the accuracy of this document as the same source gives details of properties she inherited from her supposed father which are incompatible with this parentage[421]. Robert de Torigny records that Pernel’s husband gained the Norman honour of Grantmesnil through his marriage[422]. "Robertus filius comitis Legrece" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe for the soul of "uxoris mee Petronille" by charter dated [1153/67][423]. “Robertus comes Legrec” confirmed property in Garendon and “in nemoribus meis de Sepehevid et de Disselai” to Garendon abbey by charter dated 1169, witnessed by “Petronilla comitissa, Willo filio meo...”[424]. "Petronilla comitissa Leircestrie" confirmed the exchange of land with Nuneaton priory made by "Robertus comes Leircestrie filius meus", who gave land in Belgrave in return for land in Dadlington which had been donated by "sponsus meus Robertus comes…cum filia mea pie memorie Hawis", by charter dated to after 1189[425]. The Testa de Nevill lists knights who held land from the king in Hertfordshire, dated to [1204/12]: "comitissa de Leicestria" held "Wares"[426]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "1 Apr" of "Petronilla comitissa Leicestriæ"[427]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "1 Apr" of "Petronilla comitissa Leycestriæ"[428]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “Kal Apr” of “Petronilla de Grantamenile uxor ipsius Roberti secundi”[429]. m (before [1155/59]) ROBERT de Beaumont "ès Blanchemains", son of ROBERT de Beaumont Earl of Leicester & his wife Amicie de Gaël (-Durazzo 1190). He succeeded his father in 1168 as Earl of Leicester.

The precise relationship between the following individuals and the main Grantmesnil family has not yet been ascertained:

1. --- de Grantmesnil . m EMMA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which her daughter "Beatrix de Rye" donated property to Saint-Jean-de-Falaise, for the health of "Emma sa mère et de Guillaume de Grentesmesnil son frère" and confirmed their donations to the abbey[430]. Two children:

a) GUILLAUME de Grantmesnil . His parentage is confirmed by the undated charter under which his sister "Beatrix de Rye" donated property to Saint-Jean-de-Falaise, for the health of "Emma sa mère et de Guillaume de Grentesmesnil son frère" and confirmed their donations to the abbey[431].

b) BEATRIX de Grantmesnil . "Beatrix de Rye" donated property to Saint-Jean-de-Falaise, for the health of "Emma sa mère et de Guillaume de Grentesmesnil son frère" and confirmed their donations to the abbey, in return for a horse for "son fils Guillaume de Rye", by undated charter witnessed by "Guillaume de Creully, Henri de Pont-Audemer, Michel Belet et Julien de Rye"[432]. m --- de Rie, son of ---.

F. LA FERTE-MACE

Loyd indicates that La Ferté-Macé is located in the present-day French département of Orne, arrondissement Alençon, canton La Ferté-Macé[433].

1. GUILLAUME [I] de la Ferté-Macé (-1053 or after). “Willelmus, morte pertractans” donated “æcclesiam Sancte Marie de Berlo...æcclesiam Sancte Marie de Habletvilla...æcclesiam...Sancti Petri de Guaiolo...duas æcclesias de Magniaco et de Firmitate” to Tours Saint-Julien, for the souls of “meæ uxorisque et omnium filiorum meorum”, with the consent of “filiorum meorum, genetricisque ipsorum, dominique mei Ivonis Oximorum presulis...et cum auctoritate Willelmi Normannorum principis, Rogeriique, mei senioris”, by charter dated 1053, which specifies that “post mortem Guillelmi...Guillelmo filio eius” confirmed these donations, subscribed by “Hivonis pontificis Sagiarum quod est Oxismorum, Willelmi principis, Maidelindis uxoris eius, Willelmi comitis de Archis, Willelmi qui hoc donum fecit, filii eius, Guidonis comitis de Brionnia, Rotgerii de Bellomonte...”[434]. The document does not name the donor as Guillaume de la Ferté-Macé, but this is confirmed by a charter dated 1083 which confirmed donations to Tours Saint-Julien, including the donation of “æcclesiam Sancte Marie de Berlou --- ecclesiam Sancti Petri de Guaiolia --- ecclesias de Mauniaco et de Firmitate” made by “Willelmus de Firmitate”, and of property “in Hablotvilla” made by “avis autem supradicti Willelmi”, subscribed by “...Willelmi de Firmitate...”[435]. m --- (-after 1053). The name of Guillaume’s wife is not known. Her date of death (as well as the fact that she was the mother of the donor’s sons named below) is confirmed by the charter dated 1053 under which [her husband] “Willelmus, morte pertractans” donated properties (as specified above) to Tours Saint-Julien, for the souls of “meæ uxorisque et omnium filiorum meorum”, with the consent of “filiorum meorum, genetricisque ipsorum...”[436]. Guillaume [I] & his wife had children:

a) GUILLAUME [II] de la Ferté-Macé (-before 1083). A charter dated 1053 records that “Willelmus, morte pertractans” donated properties (as specified above) to Tours Saint-Julien, and that “post mortem Guillelmi...Guillelmo filio eius” confirmed these donations[437]. m ---. The precise identity of Guillaume’s wife has not been ascertained, but the following source indicates that she was related to the Conteville family. Planché refers to a charter which names “William [of Ferté Macé]” (presumably indicating Guillaume [III] de la Ferté-Macé) as “nephew of Bishop Odo” (no precise citation reference, but a later passage describes the document as “the charter of an archbishop of Tours, temp. St Louis”)[438]. The reference to this charter has not been found, but “nephew” presumably indicates “nepos”, which if used in its strict sense would indicate that Guillaume [II]’s wife was --- de Conteville, daughter of HERLUIN de Conteville & his [first/second wife Herlève ---/Fredesendis ---]. However, given the notoriously imprecise nature of the term, the precise relationship could be more remote. Guillaume [II] & his wife had one child:

i) GUILLAUME [III] de la Ferté-Macé (-after 1083). A charter dated 1083 confirmed donations to Tours Saint-Julien, including the donation of “æcclesiam Sancte Marie de Berlou --- ecclesiam Sancti Petri de Guaiolia --- ecclesias de Mauniaco et de Firmitate” made by “Willelmus de Firmitate”, and of property “in Hablotvilla” made by “avis autem supradicti Willelmi”, subscribed by “...Willelmi de Firmitate...”[439].

b) sons . Their parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1053 under which [their father] “Willelmus, morte pertractans” donated properties (as specified above) to Tours Saint-Julien, for the souls of “meæ uxorisque et omnium filiorum meorum”, with the consent of “filiorum meorum, genetricisque ipsorum, dominique mei Ivonis Oximorum presulis...et cum auctoritate Willelmi Normannorum principis, Rogeriique, mei senioris”, by charter dated 1053[440].

G. SEIGNEURS de MONTGOMMERY

ROGER [I] de Montgommery, son of --- (-[before 1048]). Seigneur de Montgommery and Vicomte de l'Hiémois. He witnessed a charter of Robert I Duke of Normandy for the abbey of Saint Wandrille dated [1031/32]. In [1028/35] he restored to the Abbey of Jumièges the market at Vimoutiers which he had taken from the monks [441]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogeri[us] de Montegumeri“ had been exiled to Paris “pro perfidia sua” when [his son] “Willelmo Rogerii de Montegumeri filio” murdered “Osbernus...Herfasti Gunnoris comitissæ fratris filius”[442].

m JOSCELINE, daughter of --- & his wife Sainsfrida [Senfrie][443] . Josceline, her husband and her mother are named in a letter of Ives Bishop of Chartres to Henry I King of England dated 1114 which explains the consanguinity between the king and Hugues de Châteauneuf, who wanted to marry one of the king's illegitimate daughters[444].

Roger & his wife had [six] children:

1. HUGUES de Montgommery (-killed in battle 7 Feb [445] [1035/before 1048], bur Troarn401). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Hugo et Robertus, Rogerius et Willelmus atque Gislebertus” as the five sons of “Rogeri[us] de Montegumeri“, adding that they had remained in Normandy during their father’s exile[446]. He witnessed his father's charter for the abbey of Jumièges397. He was killed during the troubles in Normandy during the minority of Duke Guillaume II[447]. Vicomte d'Hiémois. [m JOSCELINE de Bolbec, daughter of OSBERN de Bolbec & his [first/second wife Aveline ---/Hawise ---]. Josceline and her marriage are shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[448]. This is presumably based on Robert de Torigny, continuation of William of Jumièges[449], the unreliability of this part of whose chronicle is discussed in the Complete Peerage[450]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “nepotes...plures...Gunnor...earum...quintam” married “Hugo de Monte-gummerici” by whom she had “Rogerius pater Roberti de Bellismo”[451]. There must be considerable doubt about whether this can be correct as Osbern de Bolbec’s wife and Hugues de Montgommery’s mother would have been first cousins.]

2. ROBERT de Montgommery (-before his father). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Hugo et Robertus, Rogerius et Willelmus atque Gislebertus” as the five sons of “Rogeri[us] de Montegumeri“, adding that they had remained in Normandy during their father’s exile[452].

3. ROGER [II] de Montgommery (-Shrewsbury 27 Jul 1094, bur Shrewsbury Abbey). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Hugo et Robertus, Rogerius et Willelmus atque Gislebertus” as the five sons of “Rogeri[us] de Montegumeri“, adding that they had remained in Normandy during their father’s exile[453]. He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Montgommery, Vicomte d'Hiémois. He was created Earl of Shrewsbury in 1074. Seigneur d'Alençon.

- see below.

4. GUILLAUME de Montgommery (-killed in battle [1035/before 1048]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Hugo et Robertus, Rogerius et Willelmus atque Gislebertus” as the five sons of “Rogeri[us] de Montegumeri“, adding that they had remained in Normandy during their father’s exile[454]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Osbernus...procurator principalis domus, Herfasti Gunnoris comitissæ fratris filius“ was killed while sleeping “in cubiculo ducis cum ipso in valle Rodoili” by “Willelmo Rogerii de Montegumeri filio”, dated to early in the reign of Duke Guillaume II from the context, adding that the murderer was subsequently killed by “Barno...de Glotis præpositus Osberni” in revenge for the crime[455].

5. GILBERT de Montgommery (-murdered [1064]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Hugo et Robertus, Rogerius et Willelmus atque Gislebertus” as the five sons of “Rogeri[us] de Montegumeri“, adding that they had remained in Normandy during their father’s exile[456]. Orderic Vitalis records the return from Apulia of “Ernaldus de Escalfoio Willermi Geroiani filius” who was pardoned by Duke Guillaume who promised the return of his property, that “Mabilia Talavacii filia” prepared poison for him which was drunk by “Gislebertus frater Rogerii de Monte-Gomerici” who died three days later “apud Raimalastum”, dated to [1064] from the context[457].

6. [--- . The identity of Amieria’s parents is not known. She is shown as the daughter of Gilbert in Europäische Stammtafeln[458], but this may be no more than speculation. The word "neptis" may indicate a more remote family relationship than niece. m ---.] One child:

a) [AMIERIA . Orderic Vitalis reports that Roger de Montgommery married "Amieriam neptem suam" to "Warino autem Calvo", who was "a man small in body but great in spirit", to whom he granted “præsidatum Scrobesburiæ”[459]. Her second marriage is confirmed by a manuscript which recites the history of the foundation of Shrewsbury abbey and records donations including that of "Reginaldus frater Warini vicecomes…villam…Lega", adding in a later passage that "Reinaldus…post mortem Warini vicecomitis uxorem illius, cum honore, suscepit"[460]. Eyton interprets "frater" in this document as meaning "brother-in-law or rather husband of Warin’s widow"[461] but, assuming that the extract quoted above reflects the facts, such an interpretation is unnecessary as Rainald was both Warin’s brother and second husband of Warin’s widow. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rogerius...Scrobesburiensis comes” donated properties to Ouche, including confirmation of the donation of “in ecclesia de Bailol altare sancti Leonardi et unam partem decimæ eiusdem villæ cum terra” donated by “Rainaldus de Bailol et Amieria uxor eius neptis mea”, undated but dated to after his second marriage[462]. The date of death of Amieria’s first husband and the date of her second marriage is indicated by Domesday Book which records "Raynaldus" as "vicecomes" of Shropshire[463]. m firstly WARIN [Guérin] "the Bald/le Chauve", son of --- (-[25 Feb 1083/1086]). A manuscript reciting the foundation of Shrewsbury abbey records donations including by "Warinus vicecomes…in villa…Tugfort" and “uxor…illius post eius obitum…domum…in civitate”, with the consent of "filiis suis"[464]. Orderic Vitalis records that “V Kal Mar” in 1083 “Rogerius comes” declared to “Guarinum vicecomitem et Picotem de Saia cæterosque proceres suos” his intention of founding the abbey of Saint-Pierre[465]. m secondly (before 1086) her first husband’s brother, RAINALD de Bailleul [Bailleul-en-Gouffern], son of ---. "Rainaldus" donated “Dodefort” to Shrewsbury abbey for the soul of "Warini antecessoris sui"[466]. Domesday Book records "Raynaldus" as "vicecomes" of Shropshire[467]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rogerius...Scrobesburiensis comes” donated properties to Ouche, including confirmation of the donation of “in ecclesia de Bailol altare sancti Leonardi et unam partem decimæ eiusdem villæ cum terra” donated by “Rainaldus de Bailol et Amieria uxor eius neptis mea”, undated but dated to after his second marriage[468]. He must have ceased to be Sheriff in the early 1100s as a manuscript reciting the foundation of Shrewsbury abbey records that "Alanus filius Fladaldi" held “honorem vicecomitis Warini” after "filium eius"[469].] Amieria & her first husband had one child:

i) HUGH (-[1102/10]). A manuscript reciting the history of the foundation of Shrewsbury abbey records donations including that of "Hugo filius eiusdem Warini"[470]. Sheriff of Shropshire. A manuscript reciting the foundation of Shrewsbury abbey records that "Alanus filius Fladaldi" held “honorem vicecomitis Warini” after "filium eius"[471]. As the death of Alan FitzFlaald is dated to before 1114, it is assumed that Hugh died early in the 1100s, probably without issue.

ROGER [II] de Montgommery, son of ROGER [I] Seigneur de Montgommery and Vicomte de l'Hiémois & his wife Josceline --- (-Shrewsbury 27 Jul 1094, bur Shrewsbury Abbey[472]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Hugo et Robertus, Rogerius et Willelmus atque Gislebertus” as the five sons of “Rogeri[us] de Montegumeri“, adding that they had remained in Normandy during their father’s exile[473]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Rogerum de Montgommeri" as son of "Iosceline"[474]. His father's name is confirmed by the charter dated to [1079/82] under which "Roger ex Northmannis Northmannus son of Roger" donated property to St Martin, Troarn for the soul of "his wife Mabel lately deceased"[475]. He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Montgommery, Vicomte de l'Hiémois. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rogerius de Monte-Gomeri, Oximensis vicecomes” expelled the canons from Troarn, where they had been installed by “Rogerius pater suus”[476]. "…Rogerii de Monte Gomerici…" witnessed the charter dated to [1055] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy donated property to the abbey of Marmoutier[477]. "…Willelmi filii Osberti, Rotgerii de Monte Golmerii, Richardis vicecomitis Abrinchensis…" witnessed the charter dated [1055/56] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy "in pago…Constantino, villam…Flotomannum" to Saint-Florent de Saumur[478]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Rogerius de Bellomonte et Rogerius de Monte-Gomerici...” among the leading lords under Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[479]. A charter dated 1066 records his pardoning the abbey of Sainte-Trinité de Rouen for a calumny[480]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Rogero de Montgumeri" contributed 60 ships towards the invasion of England in 1066[481]. He remained in Normandy at the time of the Norman invasion of England in 1066 to assist Duchess Mathilde to govern the duchy, but accompanied King William I to England in Dec 1067: Orderic Vitalis records that, when King William returned to England, 6 Dec 1067, he appointed “Mathildi conjugi suæ filioque suo Rodberto adolescenti” to govern Normandy (“principatum Neustriæ”), adding that the king took with him “Rogerium de Monte-Gomerici” whom he had appointed as “tutorem Normanniæ...cum sua conjuge” when he had left for England for the first time and that King William granted “primo Cicestram et Arundellum...post aliquot tempus Scrobesburiensem” to Roger[482]. [Earl] of Chester and Arundel. Earl of Shrewsbury. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rogerius de Monte-Gomerici”, after the fall of “Geroiana progenies”, held “totum patrimonium Excalfoii et Monasterioli” for about 26 years[483]. The Chronique de Normandie, based on le Roman de Rou, records that William I King of England made "le Conte Rogier de Montgomery et Guillaume le filz Osber" his two "Marechaulx d’Engleterre" after the conquest of England[484]. He became Seigneur d’Alençon, de iure uxoris, after the death in 1070 of her paternal uncle Ives Bishop of Seés. As "Rogerus comes Salosberiensis" he witnessed a charter of King William I giving the barony of Plessis to the church of Bayeux dated 24 Dec 1074[485]. "Rogerius comes…et sua uxor Mabilia atque suus filius Rotbertus" donated property to Notre-Dame de Bellême by charter dated to [1070/79][486]. Orderic Vitalis records that “V Kal Mar” in 1083 “Rogerius comes” declared to “Guarinum vicecomitem et Picotem de Saia cæterosque proceres suos” his intention of founding the abbey of Saint-Pierre[487]. He allied himself with Robert Duke of Normandy at the time of the latter's rebellion against King William II in 1089[488]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius de Monte-gumerii pater Roberti de Belesmo” founded “in honorem sancti Martini ecclesias duas, unam in Sagiensis urbis suburbio, alteram in vico suo Troardo” and “tertiam...apud Almanachias ad opus sanctiomonialium”[489]. Orderic Vitalis records the death “VI Kal Aug” in 1094 “Rogerius...comes” and his burial at Shrewsbury abbey[490].

m firstly ([1050/54]) MABILE d'Alençon, daughter of GUILLAUME "Talvas" Seigneur d'Alençon & his first wife Hildeburge --- (-murdered Bures 2 Dec 1079, bur 5 Dec 1079 Troarn). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus cognomento Talavatius” married “Hildeburge...filiam Arnulfi” by whom he had “Arnulfum et Mabiliam” and whom he had strangled “a duobus parasitis”[491]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus Talavatius”, after he was exiled, arranged the marriage of “filiam suam...Mabiliam” to “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri” who received him in his household[492]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Ivo filius Willermi Belesmensis...neptem...Mabiliam” married "Rogerius de Monte-Gomerici Oximensium vicecomes" who through her obtained "magnam partem possessionis Willermi Belesmensis", adding that Mabile was "a forceful and worldly woman, cunning, garrulous and extremely cruel" (“potens et sæcularis, callida et loquax, nimiumque crudelis”)[493]. "Rogerius comes…et sua uxor Mabilia atque suus filius Rotbertus" donated property to Notre-Dame de Bellême by charter dated to [1070/79][494]. Orderic Vitalis records that she was murdered by Hugh Bunel, son of Robert "de Jalgeio" from whom she had taken his castle, who found her "relaxing in bed after a bath [and] struck off her head with his sword"[495]. "Roger ex Northmannis Northmannus son of Roger" donated property to St Martin, Troarn for the soul of "his wife Mabel lately deceased" by charter dated to [1079/82], subscribed by "Rogerii comitis, Rotberti filii eius, Hugonis, Rogerii, Philippi, Arnulfis [filiorum eius]"[496].

m secondly ADELAIS du Puiset [de Breteuil], daughter of ERARD [I] Comte de Breteuil, Vicomte de Chartres & his wife Humberge ---. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of his first wife, “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” married secondly “Adelaisam Ebrardi de Pusacio...filiam”, by whom he had “unum...filium...Ebrardum...inter regales capellanos usque hodie...in aula Guillelmi et Henrici, Angliæ regum” for about 26 years[497].

Earl Roger & his first wife had ten children:

1. ROGER de Montgommery (-[before 1060/62]). "Rogerii, Mabiliæ…Rogeri pueri filii Rogerii, Roberti fratris eius…" witnessed an undated charter for Saint Martin de Sées [498].

2. ROBERT de Montgommery "de Bellême" ([1052/56]-[Wareham Castle] 1 or 8 May 1118 or [after 1129], bur [Wareham Castle]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[499]. Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertus de Bellismo, Hugo de Monte-Gomerici, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus atque Arnulfus” as the five sons of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[500]. Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertum...de Belesmia primogenitum filium suum [referring to Mabile]” and adds that "cujus crudelitas in diebus nostris super miseras plebes nimium efferbuit"[501]. "…Rogerus de Monte Gomeri…Robertus filius Rogeri de Monte Gomeri…" witnessed the charter dated to [1060] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy granted "Brenerias" to the abbey of Bayeux[502]. He witnessed a charter for Saint Martin de Sées with his brother Roger448, and a charter for Saint Aubin of Angers in [1060/62] without Roger[503], suggesting that the latter had died by then. "Rogerius comes…et sua uxor Mabilia atque suus filius Rotbertus" donated property to Notre-Dame de Bellême by charter dated to [1070/79][504]. Orderic Vitalis records the rebellion of Robert, son of King William I, and his departure from Normandy accompanied by “Rodbertus de Bellismo et Guillelmus de Britolio, Rogerius Ricardi de Benefacta filius, Rodbertus de Molbraio et Guillelmus de Molinis, Guillelmus de Ruperia”, dated to [1077/78], and their journeys during five years of exile[505]. He succeeded his mother in 1079 as Seigneur de Bellême et d'Alençon. "Roger ex Northmannis Northmannus son of Roger" donated property to St Martin, Troarn for the soul of "his wife Mabel lately deceased" by charter dated to [1079/82], subscribed by "Rogerii comitis, Rotberti filii eius, Hugonis, Rogerii, Philippi, Arnulfis [filiorum eius]"[506]. He rebelled against William II King of England in 1088, crossed to England but was besieged at Rochester Castle and in Jun 1088 forced to surrender[507]. Orderic Vitalis records “Edgarus Adelinus et Robertus Belesmensis atque Guillelmus de Archis monachus Molismensis” as the advisers of Robert [III] Duke of Normandy, dated to [1089][508]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus Belesmensis” built “Furcas...castellum et...Castellum Gunterii...super Olnam fluvium ad Curbam” and attacked all his neighbours, dated to [1090][509]. "Rotbertus de Belismo filius Rotgerii comitis et Mabilie" donated the church of Saint-Léonard de Bellême, built by "Willelmus attavus Rotberti", to Marmoutier, with the consent of "fratres ipsius Rotberti, Hugo, Rotgerius, Arnulfus", by charter dated 1092[510]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of his father in 1094, “Rodbertus...filius eius” obtained “totum feudum eius in Normannia”, adding that he was “crudelis et superbus” and committed “innumeras iniquitates”[511]. He succeeded his younger brother in 1098 as Earl of Shrewsbury after a payment of £3000[512]. He succeeded his father-in-law in Oct 1100 as Comte de Ponthieu. Florence of Worcester records that "Scrobbesbyriensis comes Rotbertus de Beleasmo" rebelled against Henry I King of England in [1101], was deprived of all his honours and estates in England, and retired to Normandy[513]. The Annals of Margan record that “Robertus comes de Belesmo” was expelled from England in 1102 “cum fratre suo Arnulfo”[514]. Florence of Worcester records that "Rotbertus de Beleasm" fought with Robert Duke of Normandy against King Henry I at Tinchebrai in [1106], was captured, but later escaped and fled[515]. He helped Helias de Saint-Saens protect Guillaume, son of Robert "Curthose" ex-Duke of Normandy, after Henry I King of England ordered the arrest of the boy[516]. He was arrested in 1112, imprisoned at Cherbourg and all his lands and honours forfeited. He was imprisoned at Wareham Castle, Dorset from Jul 1113[517]. The Annals of Margan record the death “Kal Mai” in 1118 of “Robertus comes de Belesme”[518]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records payments made "in libatione Robti de Belismo" in Dorsetshire, Wiltshire[519]. This suggests a pension or maintenance in some form, although it is not certain that it relates to Robert de Montgommery Earl of Shrewsbury.

- COMTES de PONTHIEU.

3. HUGUES de Montgommery ([1053/59]-Anglesey 31 Jul 1098, bur [17 Aug 1098] Shrewsbury Abbey[520]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[521]. Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertus de Bellismo, Hugo de Monte-Gomerici, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus atque Arnulfus” as the five sons of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[522]. The Annales Cambriæ record that "de Mungumeri Hugo" laid waste to "Keredigiaun" in 1072[523]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the murder of his mother [in 1079], “Hugo de Monte-Gomerici” unsuccessfully pursued the assassins with 16 knights[524]. "Roger ex Northmannis Northmannus son of Roger" donated property to St Martin, Troarn for the soul of "his wife Mabel lately deceased" by charter dated to [1079/82], subscribed by "Rogerii comitis, Rotberti filii eius, Hugonis, Rogerii, Philippi, Arnulfis [filiorum eius]"[525]. "Rotbertus de Belismo filius Rotgerii comitis et Mabilie" donated the church of Saint-Léonard de Bellême, built by "Willelmus attavus Rotberti", to Marmoutier, with the consent of "fratres ipsius Rotberti, Hugo, Rotgerius, Arnulfus", by charter dated 1092[526]. Earl of Shrewsbury: Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of his father in 1094, “Hugo...de Monte-Gomerici [filius eius]” obtained “comitatum Scrobesburiæ”, but that after a few years he was killed by “Magno fratre regis Northwigenarum” and buried “Scrobesburiensis conventus”[527]. Florence of Worcester records that "comites Hugo de Legecastra et Hugo de Scrobbesbyria" invaded Anglesey in [1098], mutilating or massacring many of the inhabitants of the island, and that "comes Hugo de Scrobbesbyrie" was killed by an arrow discharged by Magnus King of Norway during a raid on the Welsh coast[528]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Hugh was killed in Anglesey "by pirates from oversea"[529], or (according to Orderic Vitalis) transfixed with a spear by Magnus brother of the king of Norway on the seashore and died instantly[530]. "Arnulf son of earl Roger" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Sees for the souls of "his father Roger and his brother Hugh who was slain that year" by charter dated 27 Aug 1098[531].

4. ROGER de Montgommery "le Poitevin" (-1123). Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[532]. Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertus de Bellismo, Hugo de Monte-Gomerici, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus atque Arnulfus” as the five sons of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[533]. "Roger ex Northmannis Northmannus son of Roger" donated property to St Martin, Troarn for the soul of "his wife Mabel lately deceased" by charter dated to [1079/82], subscribed by "Rogerii comitis, Rotberti filii eius, Hugonis, Rogerii, Philippi, Arnulfis [filiorum eius]"[534]. "Rotbertus de Belismo filius Rotgerii comitis et Mabilie" donated the church of Saint-Léonard de Bellême, built by "Willelmus attavus Rotberti", to Marmoutier, with the consent of "fratres ipsius Rotberti, Hugo, Rotgerius, Arnulfus", by charter dated 1092[535]. “Rogerus comes Pictavensis” founded the priory of Lancaster, for the salvation of “Rogeri Seroberie patris sui matrisque sue Mabilie cometisse”, and donated “duos mansiones Audecliua et Neutona...cum dignitate et consuetudinibus quas ipse habebat et Amfridum de Monte Gomerii” and other specified properties, by undated charter witnessed by “predictus comes et filia eius Sibilla et G. Vicecomes...”[536]. “Amfridus de Monte Gomerii”, who is named in this document, has not otherwise been traced. Roger was a considerable landowner in England especially in Lancashire but was banished in 1102 with his brother Robert and retired to Poitou[537]. Comte de la Marche in 1113, de iure uxoris. [m firstly ---. No direct evidence has been found about this possible first marriage. However, Roger’s daughter Sibylle witnessed the charter which records her father’s foundation of the priory of Lancaster (see above) without any of the donor’s other known children. This suggests that she was Roger’s oldest and probably only child at the time, possibly born from an earlier marriage.] m [secondly] (before 1091) ALMODIS de la Marche, daughter of AUDEBERT [II] Comte de la Marche & his wife Ponce --- (-[1117/29]). The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records that "Boso comes de Marchia" was killed "Confolento castro" in 1091 and was succeeded by "Aumodis soror sua", wife of "Rotgerio comite"[538]. "Rotgerius comes et Almodis comitissa" donated property to the abbey of Charroux by charter dated [1090/1100][539]. She succeeded as Ctss de La Marche in 1098.

- COMTES de LA MARCHE.

5. PHILIPPE de Montgommery "Grammaticus" (-Antioch 1099). Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[540]. Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertus de Bellismo, Hugo de Monte-Gomerici, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus atque Arnulfus” as the five sons of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[541]. "Roger ex Northmannis Northmannus son of Roger" donated property to St Martin, Troarn for the soul of "his wife Mabel lately deceased" by charter dated to [1079/82], subscribed by "Rogerii comitis, Rotberti filii eius, Hugonis, Rogerii, Philippi, Arnulfis [filiorum eius]"[542]. Florence of Worcester records that "Philippum Rogeri Scrobbesbyriensis comitis filium" was imprisoned in [1096] for his part in the conspiracy which planned to place his son on the English throne[543]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Philippus” went on pilgrimage [on the First Crusade] with “Rodberto duce” [Robert [III] Duke of Normandy] and died “Antiochiæ”[544]. m ---. The name of Philippe's wife is not known. Philippe & his wife had one child:

a) MATHILDE de Montgommery . Daughter of Philippe, Orderic Vitalis records that she succeeded her paternal aunt as Abbess of Almenèches in 1113[545].

6. ARNOUL de Montgommery (-after 1119). Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[546]. Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertus de Bellismo, Hugo de Monte-Gomerici, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus atque Arnulfus” as the five sons of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[547]. "Roger ex Northmannis Northmannus son of Roger" donated property to St Martin, Troarn for the soul of "his wife Mabel lately deceased" by charter dated to [1079/82], subscribed by "Rogerii comitis, Rotberti filii eius, Hugonis, Rogerii, Philippi, Arnulfis [filiorum eius]"[548]. "Rotbertus de Belismo filius Rotgerii comitis et Mabilie" donated the church of Saint-Léonard de Bellême, built by "Willelmus attavus Rotberti", to Marmoutier, with the consent of "fratres ipsius Rotberti, Hugo, Rotgerius, Arnulfus", by charter dated 1092[549]. "Arnulf son of earl Roger" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Sees for the souls of "his father Roger and his brother Hugh who was slain that year" by charter dated 27 Aug 1098[550]. He obtained the comitatus of Pembroke but was apparently not an Earl. The Annals of Margan record that “Robertus comes de Belesmo” was expelled from England in 1102 “cum fratre suo Arnulfo”[551]. He was banished from England with his brother Robert[552]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln, he went to Scotland and was ancestor of the MONTGOMMERIE family in Scotland[553], but the following charter indicates that he was still active in the Maine/Anjou area twenty years later. “Berlaius de Monasteriolo et Geraudus filius eius, Hernulfus de Monte Gomeri” witnessed the charter dated to [1118/26] which records that “Herbertum de Wircha generum Goffirdi de Asceio” confirmed the donation of the church of Saint-Médard de Vernie to Angers Saint-Nicolas by “Goffridus de Asceio et uxor sua filia Willelmi de Verneia”[554]. m (1102) LAFRACOTH of Munster, daughter of MURTACH O'Brien King of Munster & his wife ---. She is named daughter "of an Irish king named Murchertach" by Orderic Vitalis[555]. The Annals of Inisfallen record that "Muirchertach Ua Briain made a marriage alliance with the French and with the Norsemen” in 1102[556].

7. EMMA de Montgommery (-4 Mar 1113). Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[557]. Abbess of Almenèches: Orderic Vitalis names “Emma sanctimonialis et Almaniscarum abbatissa, Mathildis comitissa uxor...Rodberti Moritoliensium comitis, Mabilia conjux Hugonis de Novo-Castello et Sibylia uxor Rodberti filii Haimonis” as the four daughters of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[558]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the abbey was burnt in [1102], she fled to Saint-Evroul, returning the following year and dying about ten years later[559].

8. MATHILDE de Montgommery (-[1085], bur abbaye de Grestain). Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[560]. Orderic Vitalis names “Emma sanctimonialis et Almaniscarum abbatissa, Mathildis comitissa uxor...Rodberti Moritoliensium comitis, Mabilia conjux Hugonis de Novo-Castello et Sibylia uxor Rodberti filii Haimonis” as the four daughters of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[561]. m (before 1066) as his first wife, ROBERT Comte de Mortain, son of HERLUIN Vicomte de Contéville & his first wife Herlève --- (after 1038-8 Dec after [1087/91], bur abbaye de Grestain).

9. MABILE de Montgommery ). Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[562]. Orderic Vitalis names “Emma sanctimonialis et Almaniscarum abbatissa, Mathildis comitissa uxor...Rodberti Moritoliensium comitis, Mabilia conjux Hugonis de Novo-Castello et Sibylia uxor Rodberti filii Haimonis” as the four daughters of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[563]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugo de Novocastello nepos et hæres Alberti Ribaldi...gener Rogerii comitis” married "Mabiliam sororem Roberti Belesmensis"[564]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mabilla" daughter "Rogerum de Montgommeri" and her daughter "alteram Mabillam uxorem Gervasii" and the latter's son "Hugo de Castro novo" whose proposed marriage with the daughter of Henry I King of England was opposed by "Yvo Carnetensis episcopus" on the grounds of consanguinity, his ancestry being explained by Alberic[565]. The necrology entry for her husband, which records donations made by her daughter, suggests that Mabile predeceased her husband. On the other hand, Merlet records a charter dated to [1108] under which “Mathilde, femme de Hugues, fils de Gaston” donated “la terre de Vigny” to Coulombs[566]. Could this refer to a second wife of Hugues named Mathilde? m HUGUES Seigneur de Châteauneuf-en-Thimerais, son of GASCE [I] Seigneur de Châteauneuf & his wife Frodeline --- (-9 Jun [1101/05]).

10. SIBYLLE de Montgommery (-[after 1141?]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “quinque filios et quatuor filias...Robertus et Hugo, Rogerius Pictavinus, Philippus et Arnulfus, Emma, Mathildis, Mabilia et Sibylla” as the children of “Willelmus Talavatius...filiam suam...Mabiliam” and “Rogerium de Monte-Gummeri”[567]. Orderic Vitalis names “Emma sanctimonialis et Almaniscarum abbatissa, Mathildis comitissa uxor...Rodberti Moritoliensium comitis, Mabilia conjux Hugonis de Novo-Castello et Sibylia uxor Rodberti filii Haimonis” as the four daughters of “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” and his first wife[568], recording in a later passage the marriage of “Rodberto...Haimonis filio” and “Sibiliam Rogerii comitis filiam” (although a conclusion about the dating of the event cannot be drawn from the context of the wording)[569]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records that ”Robertum filium Haymonis, dominum de Astramervilla in Normannia” married “Sibillam sororem Roberti de Belismo, comitis Salopiæ”[570]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Liber Johannis Stillingflete (dated 1434) which lists donations to the Knights Hospitallers in England, including ”Sibilla de Raynes, filia Rogeri comitis de Montegomerico” donating “præceptoriam de Shenegey...AD MCXL”[571], although the date seems late considering the family chronology which suggests that Sibylle must have been very old in 1141. The same donation is recorded in the following document: King John confirmed donations to the Knights Hospitallers by charter dated 30 Aug 1199, including “ex dono Sibille de Rames et com Gloucestr Senegeiam...”[572]. Follow his hyperlink for discussion about his identity. m firstly ROBERT FitzHamon Lord of Glamorgan, son of HAMON & his wife --- (-Newbury Mar 1107). m secondly --- de Rames, son of ---.

Earl Roger & his second wife had one child:

11. EVERARD de Montgommery (-before [1135/36]). Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of his first wife, “Rogerius [de Monte-Gomerici]” married secondly “Adelaisam Ebrardi de Pusacio...filiam”, by whom he had “unum...filium...Ebrardum...inter regales capellanos usque hodie...in aula Guillelmi et Henrici, Angliæ regum” for about 26 years[573].

Earl Roger had one [Illegitimate] son by an unknown mistress:

12. HUGUES de Montgommery . He witnessed a writ of King Henry I as brother of Robert de Bellême[574]. It is assumed that he was illegitimate as it would be unusual for him to bear the same first name as an older full brother, although there are isolated examples of this practice in other families. An alternative possibility is that his name was incorrectly recorded in the writ and that he is in fact the same person as one of Robert's other surviving brothers.

H. SEIGNEURS de MONTPINÇON

1. RAOUL [I] de Montpinçon (-13 Feb ----, bur Ouche). Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfus de Monte-Pincionis dapifer Guillelmi Magni regis Anglorum” donated “quinque molendinorum: trium...de Jort...quarti de loco...Hurtavent...et quinti de Monte-Pincionis, duasque garbas decimæ villanorum de Guadreslogiis, medietatemque decimæ de Spanaio, et apud Ermentrudis-Villam duas acras prati” to Ouche Saint-Evroul, and died “Id Feb” and was buried at Ouche in the presence of “duo filii eius: Hugo et Radulfus, cum Adeliza matre sua” who made further donations[575]. m ADELISA, daughter of ---. Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfus de Monte-Pincionis dapifer Guillelmi Magni regis Anglorum” was buried at Ouche in the presence of “duo filii eius: Hugo et Radulfus, cum Adeliza matre sua” who made further donations[576]. Raoul [I] & his wife had two children:

a) HUGUES de Montpinçon (-Rouen 7 Mar ----, bur Ouche Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfus de Monte-Pincionis dapifer Guillelmi Magni regis Anglorum” was buried at Ouche in the presence of “duo filii eius: Hugo et Radulfus, cum Adeliza matre sua” who made further donations[577]. Orderic Vitalis records that, about thirty years after the burial of his father, “Hugo de Monte-Pincionis” visited Ouche with “Radulfum primogenitum suum...et Mathildem uxorem suam...Hugonis de Grentesmaisnil filia”, adding that Hugues died at Rouen “jam sexagenarius...Non Mar” and was buried at Ouche[578]. m [as her first husband,] MATHILDE de Grantmesnil, daughter of HUGUES de Grantmesnil & his wife Adelise de Beaumont (-bur Jaffa). Orderic Vitalis records that, about thirty years after the burial of his father, “Hugo de Monte-Pincionis” visited Ouche with “Radulfum primogenitum suum...et Mathildem uxorem suam...Hugonis de Grentesmaisnil filia”, adding that the latter was then mourning “sororem...suam Adelinam” who had recently died[579]. She [married secondly] Mathieu ---. Orderic Vitalis records that Mathilde, after the death of her first husband, fell in love with “tironem exulantem Mathiellum” and went with him to Jerusalem, but they both died in the same year, he “in Apulia”, she “Joppe”[580]. The text implies that Mathilde and Mathieu did not marry. Hugues & his wife had three children:

i) RAOUL [III] de Montpinçon (-bur Ouche). Orderic Vitalis records that, about thirty years after the burial of his father, “Hugo de Monte-Pincionis” visited Ouche with “Radulfum primogenitum suum...et Mathildem uxorem suam...Hugonis de Grentesmaisnil filia”[581]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of “Hugo de Monte-Pincionis”, “filii eius: Radulfus et Guillelmus ac Arnulfus” donated property to Ouche[582]. Orderic Vitalis records that Raoul [III] de Montpinçon married “filiam Ranulfi cancellarii regis Henrici” but died soon afterwards and was buried at Ouche[583]. m ---, daughter of RANULF Chancellor & his wife ---. Orderic Vitalis records that Raoul [III] de Montpinçon married “filiam Ranulfi cancellarii regis Henrici” but died soon afterwards and was buried at Ouche[584].

ii) GUILLAUME de Montpinçon . Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of “Hugo de Monte-Pincionis”, “filii eius: Radulfus et Guillelmus ac Arnulfus” donated property to Ouche, and that Guillaume inherited “patrium jus in Normannia” after the death of his brother Raoul [III][585]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Ricardus…Basset" held "parvo feudo" in "Mosterolo" {Montreuil-au-Houlme, Orne, arr. Argentan, canton Briouze} which his father had obtained in Normandy, when reporting that Guillaume de Montpinçon took the castle as a base against the Angevins (dated to 1136)[586].

iii) ARNOUL de Montpinçon . Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of “Hugo de Monte-Pincionis”, “filii eius: Radulfus et Guillelmus ac Arnulfus” donated property to Ouche, adding that Arnoul went to Apulia on the expedition of “Guillelmi de Grentemaisnil avunculi sui”[587].

b) RAOUL [II] de Montpinçon . Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfus de Monte-Pincionis dapifer Guillelmi Magni regis Anglorum” was buried at Ouche in the presence of “duo filii eius: Hugo et Radulfus, cum Adeliza matre sua” who made further donations, adding that Raoul [II] died “in via Jerusalem peregrinus”[588].

I. SEIGNEURS de MOULINS-la-MARCHE

1. GUITMUND de Moulins . Seigneur de Moulins-la-Marche. "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostra prole" donated "locellum sanctæ Mariæ de Plancis" and other properties including "de Molinis…me castro decimam mercati" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1067], subscribed by "Guillelmi comitis, Guillelmi filii Osberti, Guimundi qui hanc donationem fecit, Emmæ uxoris eius, Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[589]. m EMMA, daughter of ---. "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostra prole" donated "locellum sanctæ Mariæ de Plancis" and other properties including "de Molinis…me castro decimam mercati" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1067], subscribed by "…Guimundi qui hanc donationem fecit, Emmæ uxoris eius, Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[590]. Guitmund & his wife had nine children:

a) RAOUL de Moulins . "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostra prole" donated "locellum sanctæ Mariæ de Plancis" and other properties including "de Molinis…me castro decimam mercati" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1067], subscribed by "…Guimundi qui hanc donationem fecit, Emmæ uxoris eius, Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[591].

b) ROBERT de Moulins . "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostra prole" donated "locellum sanctæ Mariæ de Plancis" and other properties including "de Molinis…me castro decimam mercati" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1067], subscribed by "…Guimundi qui hanc donationem fecit, Emmæ uxoris eius, Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[592].

c) ANTOINE de Moulins . "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostra prole" donated "locellum sanctæ Mariæ de Plancis" and other properties including "de Molinis…me castro decimam mercati" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1067], subscribed by "…Guimundi qui hanc donationem fecit, Emmæ uxoris eius, Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[593].

d) GUITMUND de Moulins . "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostra prole" donated "locellum sanctæ Mariæ de Plancis" and other properties including "de Molinis…me castro decimam mercati" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1067], subscribed by "…Guimundi qui hanc donationem fecit, Emmæ uxoris eius, Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[594].

e) HUGUES de Moulins . "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostra prole" donated "locellum sanctæ Mariæ de Plancis" and other properties including "de Molinis…me castro decimam mercati" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1067], subscribed by "…Guimundi qui hanc donationem fecit, Emmæ uxoris eius, Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[595].

f) ALAIN de Moulins . "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostra prole" donated "locellum sanctæ Mariæ de Plancis" and other properties including "de Molinis…me castro decimam mercati" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1067], subscribed by "…Guimundi qui hanc donationem fecit, Emmæ uxoris eius, Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[596].

g) GUILLAUME de Moulins . "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostra prole" donated "locellum sanctæ Mariæ de Plancis" and other properties including "de Molinis…me castro decimam mercati" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1067], subscribed by "…Guimundi qui hanc donationem fecit, Emmæ uxoris eius, Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[597].

h) TORESGAUD de Moulins . "Guidmundus et mea uxor Emma cum nostra prole" donated "locellum sanctæ Mariæ de Plancis" and other properties including "de Molinis…me castro decimam mercati" to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [before 1067], subscribed by "…Guimundi qui hanc donationem fecit, Emmæ uxoris eius, Rodulfi filii eius, Rodberti filii eius, Antonii filii eius, Guimundi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius, Alanni filii eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Toresgaudi filii eius…"[598].

i) ALBREDA de Moulins . Orderic Vitalis records that "Guillelmus de Molinis…marchioni" married "Albereda Guidmundi filia (ex cujus patrimonio erat)" but divorced her on grounds of consanguinity[599]. "Willelmus miles filius Gauterii, qui castrum teneo de Molendinis" restored "decimam omnium…de castro supradicto…feriam Planchis Ville…decimam de Terciaco…ecclesiam sancti Laurentii…juxta ripam fluminis Risli", held "tempore Guimundi antecessoris mei", to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated "Id Feb" [1090], subscribed by "Willelmus, Willelmus filius, Robertus filius, Albereda mater eorum"[600]. m (divorced) as his first wife, GUILLAUME, son of GAUTHIER de Falaise & his wife --- (-19 Oct [1100], bur Saint-Evroul). Seigneur de Moulins-la-Marche, de iure uxoris.

1. GAUTHIER de Falaise . m ---. The name of Gauthier’s wife is not known. Gauthier & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME (-19 Oct [1100], bur Saint-Evroul). Orderic Vitalis records that "Guillelmus [de Molinis]" was the son of "Gaulterii de Falesia", adding that he obtained "honore Molinensi" by his marriage[601]. Seigneur de Moulins-la-Marche, de iure uxoris. Orderic Vitalis records the rebellion of Robert, son of King William I, and his departure from Normandy accompanied by “Rodbertus de Bellismo et Guillelmus de Britolio, Rogerius Ricardi de Benefacta filius, Rodbertus de Molbraio et Guillelmus de Molinis, Guillelmus de Ruperia”, dated to [1077/78], and their journeys during five years of exile[602]. "Willelmus miles filius Gauterii, qui castrum teneo de Molendinis" restored "decimam omnium…de castro supradicto…feriam Planchis Ville…decimam de Terciaco…ecclesiam sancti Laurentii…juxta ripam fluminis Risli", held "tempore Guimundi antecessoris mei", to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated "Id Feb" [1090], subscribed by "Willelmus, Willelmus filius, Robertus filius, Albereda mater eorum"[603]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Guillelmus de Molinis" donated "ecclesiam de Maheru…in castro…de Molinis…ecclesiam S. Laurentii" to Saint-Evroul, with the consent of "Albreda uxore sua", undated[604]. Orderic Vitalis records the death "in castro suo XIV Kal Nov" of "Guillelmus [de Molinis]", and his burial "in capitulo Uticensi"[605]. m firstly (divorced) ALBREDA de Moulins, daughter of GUITMUND de Moulins & his wife Emma ---. Orderic Vitalis records that "Guillelmus de Molinis…marchioni" married "Albereda Guidmundi filia (ex cujus patrimonio erat)" but divorced her on grounds of consanguinity[606]. "Willelmus miles filius Gauterii, qui castrum teneo de Molendinis" restored "decimam omnium…de castro supradicto…feriam Planchis Ville…decimam de Terciaco…ecclesiam sancti Laurentii…juxta ripam fluminis Risli", held "tempore Guimundi antecessoris mei", to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated "Id Feb" [1090], subscribed by "Willelmus, Willelmus filius, Robertus filius, Albereda mater eorum"[607]. m secondly DODA de Meulan, daughter of GALERAN [III] Comte de Meulan & his [first/second wife Oda ---/Adelais ---]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Guillelmus de Molinis…marchioni" married secondly "Dudam filiam Gualeranni de Mellento"[608]. Guillaume & first wife had two children:

i) GUILLAUME de Moulins-la-Marche . Orderic Vitalis names "Guillelmum et Rodbertum" as the two sons of "Guillelmus de Molinis" and his wife "Albereda Guidmundi filia"[609]. "Willelmus miles filius Gauterii, qui castrum teneo de Molendinis" restored "decimam omnium…de castro supradicto…feriam Planchis Ville…decimam de Terciaco…ecclesiam sancti Laurentii…juxta ripam fluminis Risli", held "tempore Guimundi antecessoris mei", to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated "Id Feb" [1090], subscribed by "Willelmus, Willelmus filius, Robertus filius, Albereda mater eorum"[610]. Guillaume presumably died young as a later passage records that his brother Robert succeeded their father.

ii) ROBERT de Moulins-la-Marche (-after [1120/25]). Orderic Vitalis names "Guillelmum et Rodbertum" as the two sons of "Guillelmus de Molinis" and his wife "Albereda Guidmundi filia"[611]. "Willelmus miles filius Gauterii, qui castrum teneo de Molendinis" restored "decimam omnium…de castro supradicto…feriam Planchis Ville…decimam de Terciaco…ecclesiam sancti Laurentii…juxta ripam fluminis Risli", held "tempore Guimundi antecessoris mei", to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated "Id Feb" [1090], subscribed by "Willelmus, Willelmus filius, Robertus filius, Albereda mater eorum"[612]. Seigneur de Moulins-la-Marche. Orderic Vitalis records that "Rodbertus…filius eius" confirmed his parents’ donations to Saint-Evroul after succeeding his father[613]. Orderic Vitalis records that, after holding his father’s honor for 15 years, Robert attacked "Engerrannum cognomento Oisonem" [Enguerrand l'Oison], was banished from Normandy by Henry I King of England, and left with his recently married wife for Apulia, where he died wandering several years[614]. m ([1115]) AGNES de Grantmesnil, daughter of ROBERT de Grantmesnil & his [first/second wife Emma d’Estouteville/Lucy de Beaumont]. Orderic Vitalis records that Robert had recently married "Agnete filia Rodberti de Gretemaisnilio" when he was banished from Normandy by Henry I King of England, and left with her for Apulia[615]. The chronology suggests that she was born either from her father’s first or second marriage.

Guillaume & his second wife had two children:

iii) SIMON de Moulins-la-Marche (-[1119/29]). Orderic Vitalis names "Simonem et Hugonem" as the two sons of "Guillelmus de Molinis…marchioni" and his second wife "Dudam filiam Gualeranni de Mellento"[616]. Seigneur de Moulins-la-Marche. Orderic Vitalis records that, after succeeding his brother, Simon confirmed his predecessors’ donations to saint-Evroul, with the consent of "Adelina conjuge sua"[617]. Orderic Vitalis records that Henry II King of England installed "Radulfus Rufus et Simon de Molinis" at Evreux after capturing the castle, dated to 1119[618]. m as her first husband, ADELISE de Montfort-sur-Risle, daughter of HUGUES [III] Seigneur de Montfort-en-Risle & his wife ---. Orderic Vitalis records that, after succeeding his brother, Simon confirmed his predecessors’ donations to saint-Evroul, with the consent of "Adelina conjuge sua"[619]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. She married secondly (before 1130) Robert de Vere, who was Constable of England in 1142. “Robertus de Ver constabularius regis Angliæ et Adeluda filia Hugonis de Monteforte uxor mea” donated property to Monks Horton by charter dated to [1140/44] witnessed by “Gaufrido de Ver et Roberto fratre suo...”[620].

iv) HUGUES de Moulins-la-Marche . Orderic Vitalis names "Simonem et Hugonem" as the two sons of "Guillelmus de Molinis…marchioni" and his second wife "Dudam filiam Gualeranni de Mellento"[621].

J. SEIGNEURS de PONT-ECHANFREY

Pont-Echanfrey, a commune traversed by the River Charentonne, was named Notre-Dame-du-Hamel by the early 19th century, the ancient castle (now called Echanfré) being located on the right bank of the river[622].

1. WALKELIN [Guascelin] de Pont-Echanfrey, son of --- . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Gislebertus comes Ocensis filius Godefridi comitis...tutor Willelmi pueri sed domini...cum Fulcoio filio Geroii“ were killed while riding with “Wascelino de Ponte Erchenfredi”, adding that the crime was committed by “Odonis Grossi et audacis Roberti filii Geroii” at the instigation of “Rodulfus de Waceio filii Roberti archiepiscopi”[623]. m ([1020/30]) EREMBURGE, daughter of GIROIE & his wife Gisla de Montfort-sur-Risle. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Geroius” married “Turstini de Monteforti...filiam...Gislam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus et Fulcoius...Willelmus et Rodulfus Mala-Corona, Robertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis et Emma, Adelais et Hadvisa”[624]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that “primogenita...filiarum Heremburgis” married “Wascelino de Ponte Erchenfredi” by whom she had “Willelmus et Radulfus” who later followed “Rodbertum Wiscardum Calabriæ ducem” in “Apulia et Sicilia”[625]. As the second marriage of her younger sister Hawise can be dated to [1040], and because Hawise had six children by her first marriage, it is likely that Eremburge married much earlier, say in [1020/30]. If that is correct, she must have been one of the older children of her parents. Walkelin & his wife had two children:

a) GUILLAUME de Pont-Echanfrey . Orderic Vitalis names “Willelmus et Radulfus” as the sons of “primogenita...filiarum [Geroii] Heremburgis” and her husband “Wascelino de Ponte Erchenfredi”, adding that they later followed “Rodbertum Wiscardum Calabriæ ducem” in “Apulia et Sicilia”[626]. m POTARFRANDA, daughter of ODERISIO [II] Conte di Marsi & his wife ---. Amatus names "Potarfranda" as sister of Bishop Atto who had promised her in marriage to "William's [=Guillaume de Montreuil] nephew who was called Mostrarole"[627].

b) RAOUL [I] de Pont-Echanfrey . Orderic Vitalis names “Willelmus et Radulfus” as the sons of “primogenita...filiarum [Geroii] Heremburgis” and her husband “Wascelino de Ponte Erchenfredi”, adding that they later followed “Rodbertum Wiscardum Calabriæ ducem” in “Apulia et Sicilia”[628].

Two brothers, from a chronological point of view they could have been sons of Guillaume de Pont-Echanfrey or his brother Raoul [I] who are named above:

1. RAOUL [II] “Rufus” de Pont-Echanfrey ([1070/85]-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). “Rodulfus Rufus [de] Ponte Herchenfredi noviter miles effectus atque Guascelinus frater eius” confirmed the donations made by his predecessors to Saint-Evroul “tempore domni Rogerii abbatis” [so dated to the late 11th/early 12th century], witnessed by “ex parte Rodufi...Tigerius prepositus, Ricardus Osberni filius atque Guillelmus Gravenceon”[629]. As this source specifies that Raoul [II] had recently been made a knight when he made this donation, the chronology indicates that he was a different person from Raoul [I] who is named above. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodulfus enim de Ponte Erchenfredi qui cognominatus est Rufus et Guascelinus frater eius, Simon de Aneto et Rodbertus de Manlia, cum Hugone Sine Habere, consobrino suo” joined the crusade, dated to [1106/07] from the context[630]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugo enim de Pusacio [his wife’s maternal uncle] et Simon de Aneto, Rodulfus quoque de Ponte Erchenfredi et Guascelinus frater eius” accompanied Bohémond I Prince of Antioch in Apulia in 1107[631]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugo de Pusacio et Radulfus de Ponte Erchenfredi cum Guascelino fratre suo” went to Constantinople, dated to 1109[632]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfus autem Rufus” saved “Ricardi regis filii” from capture by the forces of Louis VI “le Gros” King of France at Andely in the Vexin in 1119[633]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfum Rufum” was among those drowned in the White Ship disaster in Nov 1120[634]. m [firstly] --- de Lèves, daughter of [GAUCELIN [IV] de Lèves & his wife Odeline du Puiset] (-Constantinople 1109, bur Constantinople). Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugo de Pusacio et Radulfus de Ponte Erchenfredi cum Guascelino fratre suo” went to Constantinople, where “uxor Radulfi filia Goisleni de Leugis” died and was buried, dated to 1109[635]. As her husband was made a knight in the late 11th/early 12th century, the chronology suggests that his wife must have been the daughter of Gaucelin [IV] de Lèves and, if that is correct, one of her parents’ older children. [m secondly ---. Considering the likely birth date of Raoul [II], it is probable that he married again after the death of his known wife in 1109 but no indication has been found in the primary sources to confirm that this supposition is correct.]

2. GUASCELIN de Pont-Echanfrey (-1109 or after). “Rodulfus Rufus [de] Ponte Herchenfredi noviter miles effectus atque Guascelinus frater eius” confirmed the donations made by his predecessors to Saint-Evroul “tempore domni Rogerii abbatis”[636]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodulfus enim de Ponte Erchenfredi qui cognominatus est Rufus et Guascelinus frater eius...” joined the crusade, dated to [1106/07] from the context[637]. Orderic Vitalis records that “...Rodulfus quoque de Ponte Erchenfredi et Guascelinus frater eius” accompanied Bohémond I Prince of Antioch in Apulia in 1107[638]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Hugo de Pusacio et Radulfus de Ponte Erchenfredi cum Guascelino fratre suo” went to Constantinople, dated to 1109[639].

1. RAOUL [III] de Pont-Echanfrey (-after 1130). The parentage of Raoul [III] de Pont-Echanfrey has not been ascertained. If he was the son of Raoul [II], he would have been a young adult at the time of the 1130 Pipe Roll records in which he is named. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Rob de ponte Erchenfr" in Surrey[640]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Robt de Ponte Erchenfr et Richelda uxor sua" in Norfolk[641]. m RICHILDE, daughter of --- (-after 1130). The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Robt de Ponte Erchenfr et Richelda uxor sua" in Norfolk[642].

Chapter 2. EVREUX

A. COMTES d'EVREUX, family of DUKES of NORMANDY

The diocese of Evreux, south of Rouen, included two pagi: (1) the pagus Ebroicinus which extended to the south as far as the river Avre and the pagi Durcassinus and Carnotinus, and was bound on the west by the river Charentonne and the pagus Lexoviensis, and (2) the western extension of the pagus Madriacensis (le pays de Madrie), the river Eure forming the boundary between the two[643]. Robert Bishop of Evreux, younger son of Richard I Duke of Normandy, was invested with the county of Evreux in the late 10th century by his father.

ROBERT, son of RICHARD I Comte [de Normandie] & his second wife Gunnora (-1037). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Richardum...et Robertum atque Malgerium aliosque duos” as the sons of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”[644]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Robertus archiepiscopus Rothomagensis" as brother of "dux Normannie Richardus II"[645]. He is named as brother of Richard II Duke of Normandy by Orderic Vitalis[646]. Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" & Gunnora[647]. Comte d'Evreux. Archbishop of Rouen 989, after his parents married to legitimise him to regularise his appointment[648]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Robertus archiepiscopus…ecclesie Rotomagensis et Vuillelmus et Malgerus fratres Richardi comitis…"[649]. Guillaume of Jumièges records the succession of Robert after the death of his brother, his siege of “Ebroicum...urbem” due to his enmity for “Robertum archipræsulum” who fled to “Robertum regem Francorum” before being reconciled with Duke Robert[650]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1037 of "Robertus…archiepiscopus Rothomagensis"[651].

m HERLEVA, daughter of ---. She is called "a wife named Herleve" whom the bishop took "in his capacity as count" by Orderic Vitalis[652]. Orderic Vitalis, in another passage, says that "the practice of celibacy among the clergy was so relaxed that not only priests but even bishops freely shared their beds with concubines and openly boasted of their numerous progeny"[653]. Chibnall mentions that clerical marriage was formally prohibited in Normandy in the 1064 Council of Lisieux[654]. Ambivalence towards the marriage of senior members of the clergy in early medieval times is discussed by Taglia[655]. The author highlights the uncertainty existing before the 12th century regarding the regularity of such marriages, and the legitimacy of any children produced, the position remaining unclear until the ecumenical councils of Lateran I (1123) and Lateran II (1139) which ruled that the major holy orders were an impediment to marriage.

Robert & his wife had three children:

1. RICHARD d'Evreux (-1067, bur Fontenelle, monastery of Saint-Wandrille[656]). Orderic Vitalis names him son of "Archbishop Robert"[657]. “...Ricardus filius Roberti...” subscribed the charter under which Guillaume Duke of Normandy donated the church of Arques to Saint-Wandrille, dated to [1035/55][658]. Comte d'Evreux. "Ricardus Rotberti archiepiscopi filius" donated a mill at Evreux to the abbey of Jumièges by charter dated [26 Mar 1038/14 Apr 1039][659]. "Richardus, archipræsulis Roberti filius…et uxor mea Godehyldis" founded Saint-Sauveur d’Evreux, in which "Godehylde filia mea" became a nun, by undated charter[660]. "Ricardus comes Ebroicensis" donated the church of Gravigny to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, dated [1052/66][661]. Orderic Vitalis names “Ricardus comes Ebroicensis, Rodberti archiepiscopi filius...” among the leading lords under Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[662]. He took part in the battle of Hastings 14 Oct 1066[663]. m (after [1040]) as her second husband, GODECHILDIS, widow of ROGER [II] de Tosny [Conches], daughter of ---. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Richardus Ebroicensis comes filius Roberti Archiepiscopi” married “uxore Rogerii de Toenia” by whom he had “Willelmum qui nunc Ebroicensibus principatur”[664]. The Miracles of Sainte-Foy recount her being cured of a serious illness by miracle, when she was still married to her first husband[665]. Henry I King of England confirmed the foundation of Conches by "Rogerius senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulphus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius prædicti Radulphi senis et Rogerius filius Radulphi juvenis", quoting the donation by "Godehildis comitissa Ebroicæ civitatis, quondam uxor Rogerii de Totteneio" with the consent of "seniore meo comite Richardo", dated to [1130][666]. "Richardus, archipræsulis Roberti filius…et uxor mea Godehyldis" founded Saint-Sauveur d’Evreux, in which "Godehylde filia mea" became a nun, by undated charter[667]. Comte Richard & his wife had three children:

a) GUILLAUME "Crespin" d'Evreux (-18 or 20 Apr 1118, bur Fontenelle, monastery of Saint-Wandrille[668]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Richardus Ebroicensis comes filius Roberti Archiepiscopi” married “uxore Rogerii de Toenia” by whom he had “Willelmum qui nunc Ebroicensibus principatur”[669]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Willelmo comite Deurons" contributed 80 ships towards the invasion of England in 1066[670]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Guillermus Ricardi Ebroicensis comitis filius...” among those who took part in the battle of Hastings[671]. Comte d'Evreux. He was taken prisoner during the siege of the castle of Sainte-Suzanne in 1085[672]. Orderic Vitalis records that “comes Ebroicensis” requested Robert [III] Duke of Normandy to return “Bathventum et Nogionem, Vaceium et Craventionem, Scoceium [Bavent, near Troarn, Noyon-sur-Andelle, Gacé, Gravençon, Ecouché], aliosque fundos Radulfi patrui mei...Caput Asini” to him and grant “Pontem Sancti Petri” [Pont Saint-Pierre] to “nepoti...meo Guillelmo Bretoliensi”, which the duke agreed to, except “Scoceium” which was held by “Girardus de Gornaco...qui de eadem parentela prodierat, filius...Basiliæ Girardi Fleitelli filiæ”, dated to [1089][673]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Guillelmus” [Guillaume de Breteuil] gave “tria millia librarum” to “avunculo suo Radulpho” [Raoul [III] de Tosny] for his ransom as part of the peace settlement of the Evreux/Tosny war and appointed “Rogerium consobrinum suum Radulfi filium” [Roger [II] de Tosny] as his heir and that Guillaume Comte d’Evreux also named Roger as his heir[674]. He and his wife were exiled from Normandy to Anjou in 1112 by Henry I King of England who restored the county to them in late Feb 1113[675]. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Saint-Martin de Troarn, including donations by "…Willelmi comitis Ebroicensis et Helewisie uxoris sue…", by charter dated to [1155/57][676]. He was "struck down by apoplexy" and, after his death without children, King Henry "took the county of Evreux into his own hands" because the count's nephew Amaury de Montfort "had forfeited the king's favour by his effrontery"[677]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "18 Apr" of "Willelmus comes Ebroicensis"[678]. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "20 Apr" of "Willelmus comes Ebroicensis"[679]. m HELVISE de Nevers, daughter of GUILLAUME [I] Comte de Nevers & his first wife Ermengarde Ctss de Tonnerre (-[Feb 1113/18 Apr 1118], bur Noyon[680]). She, her father and her husband are named by Orderic Vitalis, who says she was[681]. Orderic Vitalis records the bitter dispute between “Helvisa...comitissa” and “Isabelem de Conchis”, adding that Helvise was “solers...et facunda, sed atrox et avara” and that in war she rode armed like a knight, while Isabelle was “dapsilis et audax atque jocosa...amabilis et grata”[682]. "Willelmi comitis Ebroicensis, Helvisse comitisse" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martin, Troarn by charter dated to [1100/14][683]. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of the abbey of Saint-Martin de Troarn, including donations by "…Willelmi comitis Ebroicensis et Helewisie uxoris sue…", by charter dated to [1155/57][684].

b) AGNES d'Evreux . Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia” kidnapped “Agnetem uterinam sororem suam, Ricardi Ebroicensium comitis filiam” by night and married her to “Simoni de Monteforti”, who in exchange granted “filiam eiusdem Simonis...Isabel” to Raoul[685]. In other passages Orderic names her and specifies that she was the daughter of Richard and sister of Guillaume[686]. The date of her marriage is estimated from the marriage of her daughter which is dated to 1089. m ([before 1070]) as his third wife, SIMON Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury, son of AMAURY Seigneur de Montfort & his wife Bertrade --- (-25 Sep [1087], bur Epernon).

c) GODECHILDE d'Evreux . "Richardus, archipræsulis Roberti filius…et uxor mea Godehyldis" founded Saint-Sauveur d’Evreux, in which "Godehylde filia mea" became a nun, by undated charter[687]. Nun at Evreux.

2. RAOUL d'Evreux (-1051). Orderic Vitalis names him as the son of "Archbishop Robert"[688]. Seigneur de Gacé et de Varenguebec. His properties are listed by Orderic Vitalis as “Bathventum et Nogionem, Vaceium et Craventionem, Scoceium” [Bavent, near Troarn, Noyon-sur-Andelle, Gacé, Gravençon, Ecouché][689]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Gislebertus comes Ocensis filius Godefridi comitis...tutor Willelmi pueri sed domini...cum Fulcoio filio Geroii“ were killed while riding with “Wascelino de Ponte Erchenfredi”, adding that the crime was committed by “Odonis Grossi et audacis Roberti filii Geroii” at the instigation of “Rodulfus de Waceio filii Roberti archiepiscopi”[690]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rodulphum de Wacceio” was chosen as “tutorem” of Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[691]. Robert of Torigny names "Radulfo de Waceio filio Roberti archiepiscopi Rothomagensis" as murderer of "Gislebertus filius…Godefridi"[692]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Turstenus cognomento Guz, Ausfridi Dani filius...præses Oximensis” rebelled against Guillaume II Duke of Normandy at “Falesiæ castellum”, which was attacked by the duke’s forces led by “Rodulfus Waceiensis magister militum”, and was forced to flee into exile, dated to early during the reign of Duke Guillaume II from the context[693]. m as her first husband, BASILIE, daughter of GERARD Flaitel & his wife --- (-16 Jan [1099/1100]). Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Galterium Giffardum primum” married “unam filiarum Girardi Flatelli” and that “alteram...Basiliam relictam Rodulphi de Waceio” married [secondly] “Hugo de Gornaco”[694]. She married secondly Hugues de Gournay. The Chronicon Beccense records a donation by "tres matronæ nobiles…Basilia uxor Hugonis de Gornaco, et Amfrida neptis ipsius Basiliæ, et Eva uxor Guillelmi Crispini", who lived at the abbey, adding that they died on three Sundays, "Amfrida…IV Non Jan…Basilia…XVII Kal Feb…Eva…X Kal Feb" [dating the passage to 1099 or 1100][695]. Raoul & his wife had one child:

a) ROBERT d'Evreux (-[1063]). Orderic Vitalis records the death of “Rodbertus de Waceio filius Rodulphi filii Rodberti archiepiscopi” childless and the inheritance of “totam hæreditatem eius” by “Willermus dux cognatus eius”, dated to [1063] from the context[696]. Seigneur de Gacé.

3. GUILLAUME d'Evreux . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Richardus Ebroicensis comes...Willelmus...frater eius” married “Hadevisam filia Geroii relictam Roberti de Grentemaisnil”[697]. He is named as "son of Archbishop Robert" by Orderic Vitalis[698]. m (after 17 Jun [1040]) as her second husband, HAWISE, widow of ROBERT de Grantmesnil, daughter of GIROIE & his wife Gisla de Bastenbourg (-10 May ----). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Richardus Ebroicensis comes...Willelmus...frater eius” married “Hadevisam filia Geroii relictam Roberti de Grentemaisnil”[699]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Geroius" married “Gislam Turstini de Basteburgo filiam” by whom he had “septem filios et quatuor filias...Ernaldus, Willermus, Fulcoius, Radulfus Mala-corona, Rodbertus, Hugo et Geroius, Heremburgis, Hadvisa, Emma, Adelais”, adding in a later passage that Hawise married firstly “Rodberto de Grentemaisnilio”, by whom she had “Hugonem et Rodbertum et Ernaldum et totidem filias”, and secondly “Willermo Rodberti archiepiscopo filio” by whom she had “Judith” who later married “Rogerii comitis Siciliæ”[700]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "10 May" of "Haudvisa mater Hugonis de Grentesmesnil"[701]. Guillaume & his wife had [two] children:

a) JUDITH d'Evreux (-1076). Orderic Vitalis names “Judith” who later married “Rogerii comitis Siciliæ” as the child of “Willermo Rodberti archiepiscopo filio” and his wife[702]. Orderic Vitalis records that “duæ sorores uterinæ Rodberti abbatis [Robert de Grantmesnil, ex-abbot of Ouche] Judith et Emma” had been left “apud Uticum in capella sancti Ebrulfi...sub sacro velamine”, that when they learnt that “Rodbertum fratrem suum” was established in Apulia with “secular power” (“sæculari potentia”) they left for Italy where they both married, Judith marrying “Rogerius Siciliæ comes” and Emma marrying “aliusque comes, cujus nomen no recolo”, dated to [1061/63][703]. Malaterra records the marriage "apud Sanctum Martinum" of "abbatum Sanctæ Euphemiæ Robertum…Judicta sorore sua" and Count Roger[704]. m (San Martino d'Agri Nov 1061) as his first wife, ROGER de Hauteville, son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his [second wife] [Fressenda] ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun 1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity). His brother installed him as ROGER I Count of Sicily in 1072.

b) [EMMA . Orderic Vitalis records that “duæ sorores uterinæ Rodberti abbatis [Robert de Grantmesnil, ex-abbot of Ouche] Judith et Emma” had been left “apud Uticum in capella sancti Ebrulfi...sub sacro velamine”, that when they learnt that “Rodbertum fratrem suum” was established in Apulia with “secular power” (“sæculari potentia”) they left for Italy where they both married, Judith marrying “Rogerius Siciliæ comes” and Emma marrying “aliusque comes, cujus nomen no recolo”, dated to [1061/63][705]. The reference to Judith and Emma being “sorores uterinæ” suggests that they did not share the same father as Robert. However, in another passage, the same source names Judith as the child (implicitly “only child”) of “Willermo Rodberti archiepiscopo filio” and his wife[706]. It is therefore unclear whether Emma was one of Robert’s full sisters or half-sisters, although the order of the names of the two sisters suggests that Emma was younger than Judith and therefore born from the same marriage of their mother. m ---.]

B. COMTES d'EVREUX (MONTFORT-l'AMAURY)

AMAURY [III] de Montfort, son of SIMON [I] Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury & his third wife Agnès d'Evreux (-[18/19] Apr [1137/38], bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[707]. He succeeded his brother after [1104] as Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of his maternal uncle Guillaume "Crespin" Comte d'Evreux, Amaury claimed the succession but Henry I King of England "took the county of Evreux into his own hands" because he "had forfeited the king's favour by his effrontery"[708]. He led a major rebellion and captured the town of Evreux[709]. King Henry besieged the castle but the two parties were reconciled by King Henry's nephew Thibaut Comte de Blois[710], when Amaury succeeded as Comte d'Evreux. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "19 Apr" of "Amauricus princeps de Monteforti"[711]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, starting with "conte Amaury…qui premier fonda l'eglise, dou fil le conte Simon le Chauf qui gist a Evreux"[712].

Betrothed (1103) to --- de Meulan, daughter of ROBERT de Beaumont-le-Roger Comte de Meulan, Earl of Leicester & his wife Elisabeth de Vermandois [Capet]. Daughter of Robert, she was betrothed by her father to Amaury nephew of Guillaume Comte d'Evreux when only one year old but "various circumstances arose which prevented the marriage" according to Orderic Vitalis[713]. The identity of the daughter is unknown, but she may have been Isabelle (see below). She is named "Aline" in Europäische Stammtafeln[714], but the source for this is not known. If this is correct, she was probably the same person as Robert's daughter Adeline (see below).

m firstly ([1115], divorced 1118) RICHILDIS de Hainaut, daughter of BAUDOUIN II Comte de Hainaut & his wife Ida de Louvain ([1095]-after 1118). Orderic Vitalis names "Richenda" as wife of Amaury de Montfort, but does not give her origin[715]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Richeldis" as daughter of "Balduino comitis Hanoniensis" and wife of "comiti Montisforti"[716].

m secondly (before 1127) AGNES de Garlande, daughter of ANSEAU de Garlande Comte de Rochefort & his wife --- de Rochefort-en-Yvelines (-after 1136). The Chronicon Mauriniacensi records that "Stephanus Cancellarius" arranged the marriage of "nepti sua" and "Amalrico de Monteforti", adding that he dowry was "honore de Rupe-forti" [Rochefort][717]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. Du Chesne suggests that the widow of Amaury [III] de Montfort Comte d’Evreux married, as her second husband and his first wife, Robert de France Seigneur de Dreux[718]. He bases this on a charter dated to [1 Nov 1183/31 Mar 1184] in which Philippe II King of France confirmed the property of Notre-Dame de Colombs, including property "in loco Campus à la Drouë" donated by "Robertus comes de Drocis et de Montfort" and "domum de là Nouë" donated by "Simon de Drocis in sua ultima voluntate"[719]. Du Chesne’s argument is that Robert Comte de Dreux could only have been entitled to "le titre de comte de Montfort, don’t le roy le rehausse" from "un mariage fait avec la douairiere de la mesme comté". He also suggests that "Simon de Drocis", also named in the same charter, was the son of this marriage. There are three difficulties with Du Chesne’s argument. Firstly, Amaury [III] de Montfort was comte d’Evreux not "comte de Montfort", a title which does not appear ever to have been borne by members of his family. Secondly, the chronology is unfavourable for the widow of Amaury [III], who was probably born in [1110/15] at the latest, to have married Robert de Dreux whose birth is estimated to [1124/26]. Thirdly, it is unlikely that Agnes would have given the name Simon to a son born from this supposed second marriage, given that she already had a son of that name by her marriage to Amaury. In conclusion, the evidence of the [1183/84] charter alone is insufficient to corroborate this marriage.

Amaury [III] & his first wife had one child:

1. daughter . The Chronique de Morigny records that "Hugo de Creciaco" killed "Milonem de Monteleherico…dominum suum cognatum suum", after which he was besieged in "castrum Gumet" {Gometz}, fled "in curia Amaurici de Monte-forti…cujus et ipse Hugo filiam parvulam desponsaverat", and then became a monk, in a passage dealing with events in 1118[720]. Betrothed ([1118]) to HUGUES de Crécy, son of GUY [II] "le Rouge" de Rochefort Seigneur de Rochefort-en-Yvelines & [his second wife Adelais de Crécy dame de Gournay-sur-Marne] (-31 Jul 1147).

Amaury [III] & his second wife had three children:

2. AMAURY [IV] de Montfort (-[1140]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated Feb 1199 which recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", confirmed after his death by "Simon frater eius et successor"[721]. As this document names the guardian of Amaury, he must have been under-age at his father’s death and therefore born from his father’s second marriage. He succeeded his father as Comte d'Evreux, Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury. The abbot of Saint-Germain-des-Prés and “Stephani de Garlanda”, who held “castrum Gurnaicum...in advocatione pro Amalrico Ebrocensi comite neptis sue filio”, agreed terms for renouncing certain revenues by charter dated 1138[722]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1140 of "comes Ebroicensis Amalricus" and the succession of "frater eius Symon"[723].

3. SIMON [III] de Montfort (-12/13 Mar 1181, bur Evreux Cathedral). Robert of Torigny records that "frater eius Symon" succeeded in 1140 on the death of "comes Ebroicensis Amalricus"[724]. He succeeded his brother as Comte d'Evreux, Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury. During the 1159 war between Henry II King of England and Louis VII King of France, Simon handed his castles of Rochefort, Montfort and Epernon to King Henry, which forced King Louis to make a truce as his communications between Paris, Orléans and Etampes were thereby cut[725]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1182 of "Simon comes Ebroicensis" and the succession "in comitatu Ebroicensis in Normannia" of "Amalricus filius eius" and "in comitatu de Rocha et in terra Francie" of "Simon alter filius eius"[726]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, starting with "conte Amaury…qui premier fonda l'eglise, dou fil le conte Simon le Chauf qui gist a Evreux"[727]. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "13 Mar" of "Symon comes Ebroicensis qui dedit c solidos" and the donation of "xl solidos" by "Amaricus filius eiusdem comitis"[728]. m MATHILDE, daughter of --- (-before [31 Mar/23 Oct] 1168). Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated Feb 1199 which recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", confirmed after his death by "Simon frater eius et successor", and a later donation by "Simon iste comes Ebroicensis et Mahaudis uxor eius"[729]. She was related to Henri I Comte de Champagne: “Henricus Trecensium comes palatinus” donated revenue from the fair at Provins to Haute-Bruyère, for the soul of “Matillis Ebroicensis comitisse consanguinee mee”, by charter dated to [31 Mar/23 Oct] 1168[730]. Simon [III] & his wife had three children:

a) AMAURY [V] de Montfort (-13 Mar 1182). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1182 of "Simon comes Ebroicensis" and the succession "in comitatu Ebroicensis in Normannia" of "Amalricus filius eius" and "in comitatu de Rocha et in terra Francie" of "Simon alter filius eius"[731]. He succeeded his father in 1181 as Comte d'Evreux. The Annales Cestrienses record the death in 1181 of “Simon comes Ebroensis socer Hugonis comitis Cestrie”[732]. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "13 Mar" of "Symon comes Ebroicensis qui dedit c solidos" and the donation of "xl solidos" by "Amaricus filius eiusdem comitis"[733]. From the day of his death recorded in this source, it is assumed that the year as reported in the Annales Cestrienses was O.S. A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", confirmed after his death by "Simon frater eius et successor", a later donation by "Simon iste comes Ebroicensis et Mahaudis uxor eius", and the present confirmation by "Simon de Monteforti, predictorum successor virorum et heres" with the consent of "uxore mea Eva et filiis meis Amaurico et Guidone et fratre meo Guidone"[734]. m ([1170]) MABEL of Gloucester, daughter of WILLIAM FitzRobert Earl of Gloucester & his wife Avise de Beaumont (-1198). An anonymous continuation of the Chronicle of Robert of Mont-Saint-Michel records (in order) "Comitissa Ebroicensis…uxor Guillelmi Comitis de Clara, tertia…in manu Dei et domini Regis" as the three daughters left by "Guillelmus Comes Glocestriæ" when he died[735]. The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey names “Mabiliam comiti de Evereis in Normannia nuptam…Amiciam…Isabellam” as the three daughters of “comes Willielmus” and his wife[736]. Benedict of Peterborough records "uxori Amauri comitis Ebroicanum" as "Willelmus filius Roberti filii regis Henrici primi comes Gloucestriæ…filiam ipsius comitis"[737]. Robert of Torigny records the marriage in 1170 of "primogenitam filiam Roberti comitis Gloecestriæ" and "Amauricus primogenitus filius Symonis comitis Ebroicensis"[738]. In another passage, Robert of Torigny records the death in 1183 of "Guillermus comes Gloecestriæ" leaving three daughters as his heirs, of whom one (mentioned first) was "comitissa Ebroicensis"[739]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in 1198 of “Mabilia comitissa Ebroici”[740]. Amaury [V] & his wife had one child:

i) AMAURY [VI] de Montfort (-[1213]). A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon"[741]. He succeeded his father in 1182 as Comte d'Evreux. Earl of Gloucester. m firstly (before [1194/96]) AGNES d'Amboise, daughter of HUGUES [II] Seigneur d'Amboise & his wife Mathilde de Vendôme (-after 20 Mar [1202/03]). "Sulpicius dominus Ambaziæ et Matildis mater mea et omnes fratres et sorores Hugo…et Johannes, Helisabeth et Agnes atque Dionisia" donated property to the abbey of Fontaines-les-Blanches by charter dated 1194[742]. “Sulpice seigneur d’Amboise” confirmed that “Hugues d’Azay” had granted “la dîme de Carbonel” to “Mathilde mère de Sulpice” who had donated it to the monks of Pont-Levoy, for the soul of “son père Hugues”, confirmed by “Sulpice...Hugues, Jehan et Guillaume ses frères, par Elisabeth comtesse d’Angoulême, Agnès comtesse d’Evreux, Denise et Mathilde ses sœurs”, by charter dated 1196[743]. “Mathilde dame d’Amboise” donated property to Liget abbey, for the soul of “Hugues d’Amboise son mari”, with the consent of “Sulpice, de Hugues, Jean et Guillaume ses fils, d’Isabelle comtesse d’Angoulême, d’Agnès comtesse d’Evreux, et de Denise, ses filles”, by charter dated 1198[744]. “Sulpice seigneur d’Amboise” donated harvest to Fontaines abbey, for the soul of “Mathilde sa mère”, with the consent of “Isabelle sa femme, de Jean son fils, de Hugues, Jean et Guillaume ses frères, d’Isabelle comtesse d’Angoulême, d’Agnès comtesse d’Evreux et de Denise, ses sœurs”, by charter dated 1201[745]. “Sulpice seigneur d’Amboise” donated property to Fontaines abbey, in acknowledgement of “sa mère Mathilde” being buried there, with the consent of “Hugues, Jean et Guillaume ses frères, d’Elisabeth comtesse d’Angoulême, d’Agnès comtesse d’Evreux et de Denise, ses sœurs”, by charter dated 20 Mar 1202 (O.S.?)[746]. m secondly (before 1203) as her first husband, MELISENDE de Gournay, daughter of HUGUES [V] Seigneur de Gournay & his wife Julia ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a letter which purports to be from her daughter "Dame Julian Tresgoze…espouse…a Sr Robert Tresgoos le Second" to "son frère St Thomas de Cantlow, Euesque…de Hereford" which gives a confused version of the family’s lineage: "Sr Hugh de Gornaye" married "la reyne Blanch" [widow of Louis VIII King of France, such a second marriage being impossible chronologically] and had "un fils…Hugh…nostre ayle", who married "la soer le count Renaud de Boloyng", whose daughter "Milsent nostre mere" married "a Count de Euoyse en Normandy" by whom she had one son and one daughter, before marrying "Will de Cantelow nostre pere"[747]. Henry III King of England granted "maneriis de Mapeldureham et Petrefeld" to "Rogero la Szuche", as granted by King John except for the dower of "Milesentie que fuit uxor comitis Ebroici", dated 14 Mar 1217[748]. She married secondly ([15 Mar 1217]) [as his first wife,] William [III] de Cauntelo. King Henry III ordered “Rogero de la Suche”, relating to “dote ipsius Milesand que eam contingit de maneriis Mapeldoreham et Peterfeud que fuerunt ipsius Com Ebroic quondam viri sui”, in favour of “Willo de Cantelup juniori et Milante que fuit uxor Aumar quondam Com Ebroic”, dated 15 Mar 1217[749].

b) SIMON [IV] de Montfort (-1187 or before, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1182 of "Simon comes Ebroicensis" and the succession "in comitatu Ebroicensis in Normannia" of "Amalricus filius eius" and "in comitatu de Rocha et in terra Francie" of "Simon alter filius eius"[750]. He succeeded his father in 1181 as Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury.

- see below.

c) BERTRADE de Montfort ([1155]-1227). The Annales Cestrienses record in 1169 that “Hugo comes Cestrie” married “filiam Simonis comitis Ebroensis...Bertrad” arranged by King Henry II and that she was “ipsius cognata”[751]. Robert of Torigny records the marriage arranged by Henry II King of England in 1170 of "Hugoni comiti Cestriæ cognate suo" and "filiam comitis Ebroicensis cognatam suam ex parte patris sui"[752]. “Bertreia comitissa Cestrie...” witnessed the charter dated to [1169/73] under which Hugh Earl of Chester granted land at Coventry to Godfrey his homager[753]. The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records property “Beltesford et Hemmingebi et Dunintone” held by “Bertia comitissa, filia comitis de Evereros, uxor Hugonis comitis Cestrie”[754]. “Bertrada comitissa Cestrie...” witnessed the charter dated [3 Feb 1188/15 Nov 1189] under which “Ranulfus dux Britannie comes Cestrie et Richmondie” confirmed a donation to Bordesley abbey[755]. The Annals of Burton record the death in 1227 of “Bertrudis comitissa Cestriæ”[756]. The Annales Cestrienses record the death in 1227 of “Bertrudis comitissa Cestrie”[757]. m ([1169/70]) HUGH Earl of Chester, son of RANULF de Gernon Earl of Chester & his wife Matilda of Gloucester (Kevelioc, co. Monmouth 1147-Leek, Staffordshire 30 Jun 1181, bur Chester, Abbey of St Werburgh).

4. AGNES de Montfort (-15 Dec 1181). Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Gualerannus comes Mellenti" as "sorore Simonis comitis Ebroicensis" but does not name her[758]. "Agnes comitissa Mell." donated property "haia de Lintot" to the monastery of Montvilliers for the soul of "Almarici comitis ebroicensis patris mei…[et]…comitis Mell. Gual. domini mei…et Roberti filii mei" by undated charter[759]. "G comes Mellenti et A comitissa uxor mea" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe by undated charter[760]. m (1141) WALERAN de Beaumont Earl of Worcester, son of ROBERT de Beaumont-le-Roger Comte de Meulan, Earl of Leicester & his wife Elisabeth de Vermandois [Capet] (1104-Préaux 9/10 Apr 1166, bur Préaux, monastery of Saint-Pierre).

Brother and sister, the precise relationship between them and the Montfort family has not yet been established:

1. [BERNARD (-7 Nov [before 1193])]. Abbot of Savigny. Robert of Torigny records that "priorissa de Monte Sancti Martini…soror abbatis Savignei qui fuit nepos Simonis comitis Ebroicensis" was appointed "abbatissa Sanctæ Trinitatis Cadomi" in 1182[761]. Gallia Christiana records "Bernardus II" as abbot of Savigny in 1173, his death "VII Id Nov" and burial at Savigny, but does not estimate the year[762]. The subsequent abbot Richard is recorded from 1193, but there is no indication of the date of his election. The editor of the cartulary of Savigny quotes a charter dated 14 Mar 1196 which records an acquisition of property by "B. Saviniensis dictus abbas" and records events happening "post mortem…prædicti abbatis"[763]. It appears likely therefore that Bernard was still abbot of Savigny in 1182, but this is not beyond all doubt. None of the sources cited give any indication about Bernard’s parentage.]

2. MATHILDE (-5 or 9 Dec [1198]). Prioress of Mont-Saint-Martin. Robert of Torigny records that "priorissa de Monte Sancti Martini…soror abbatis Savignei qui fuit nepos Simonis comitis Ebroicensis" was appointed "abbatissa Sanctæ Trinitatis Cadomi" in 1182[764]. Abbess of Holy Trinity Caen. Neustria Pia records the death 5 or 9 Dec in [1198] of abbess "Mathildis", but gives no indication of her family origin apart from quoting the passage from Robert of Torigny[765].

SIMON [IV] de Montfort, son of SIMON [III] de Montfort Seigneur de Montfort et de Rochefort & his wife Mathilde --- (-1187 or before, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1182 of "Simon comes Ebroicensis" and the succession "in comitatu Ebroicensis in Normannia" of "Amalricus filius eius" and "in comitatu de Rocha et in terra Francie" of "Simon alter filius eius"[766]. He succeeded his father in 1181 as Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury. A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", confirmed after his death by "Simon frater eius et successor", and a later donation by "Simon iste comes Ebroicensis et Mahaudis [presumably an error for Amicia] uxor eius"[767]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, including "…comte Simon…et de sa femme la contesse Amicie…"[768].

m (before [1170]) as her first husband, AMICIE of Leicester, daughter of ROBERT de Breteuil Earl of Leicester & his wife Pernelle de Grantmesnil (-3 or 10 Sep 1215, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "comes Symon Montisfortis et Guido frater eius" as "Guilelmum comitem Licestrie…sorore" but does not name her[769]. A history of the foundation of St Mary’s abbey, Leicester names “Amiciam primogenitam…et Margaritam juniorem” as the two daughters of “Robertus” and his wife “Petronillam filiam Hugonis de Grantmenyl”, adding that Amice married “domino Symoni de Monteforti”[770]. "Simon de Monte Forti" donated money from "Rochefort" to Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, with the consent of "Amicia uxore mea", by charter dated to [1180][771]. A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", confirmed after his death by "Simon frater eius et successor", and a later donation by "Simon iste comes Ebroicensis et Mahaudis [presumably an error for Amicia] uxor eius"[772]. She married secondly (before 13 Jan 1188) Guillaume [II] des Barres Comte de Rochefort, by whom she had a daughter as shown by the necrology of the Prieuré de Fontaines which records the death "23 Dec" of "domina Ameza…monacha, Willelmi de Barris et comitisse Montis Fortis filia"[773]. She styled herself Ctss of Leicester after the death of her brother Robert. She surrendered Breteuil to Philippe II King of France in 1206 in return for other lands[774]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "IV Id Sep" of "Amicia…comitissa Liecestrie et domina Montisfortis"[775]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, including "…comte Simon…et de sa femme la contesse Amicie…"[776].

Simon [IV] & his wife had three children:

1. SIMON [V] de Montfort ([1170]-killed in battle Toulouse 25 Jun 1218, bur Abbey de Haute-Bruyère). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "comes Symon Montisfortis et Guido frater eius" as "Guilelmum comitem Licestrie…sorore"[777]. A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", and the confirmation by "Simon de Monteforti, predictorum successor virorum et heres" with the consent of "uxore mea Eva et filiis meis Amaurico et Guidone et fratre meo Guidone"[778]. "Li cuens Symon de Monfort et Gui ses freres" left on crusade in 1202[779]. "Symon de Monteforti", leaving for Jerusalem, confirmed the privileges of the priory of Saint-Thomas d’Epernon by charter dated 1202[780]. He left on Crusade in 1202 with Renaud Comte de Dampierre, but refused to take part in the capture of the town of Zara for the Venetians or in the capture of Constantinople[781]. Villehardouin records that, after the siege of Zara, "Simon de Montfort [and]…his brother Guy de Montfort" deserted the army to join the king of Hungary[782]. The Historia Salonitanorum of Thomas Archdeacon of Split names "Symon comes de Monteforti" as one of the leaders of the army which landed at Zadar in Oct 1203[783]. After the death of his maternal uncle, he went to England and was recognised as Earl of Leicester. He was one of the leaders of the crusade against the Albigensian heretics in 1209, and was elected their leader to govern the captured towns of Beziers and Carcassonne in Aug 1209. He captured Albi in 1210 and Toulouse in 1211. The titles which he used at that date are shown in the charter dated 3 Apr 1211 under which "Rogerus comes Convenarum" reached agreement with "Simone comite Leycestriensi, domino Montisfortis...Biterensi et Carcassonensi vicecomite, et domino Albiensi et Redensi"[784]. "Henricus comes Ruthenensis, comitatum Ruthenensum, Rodellam, vicecomitatum de Cambolatio" swore homage to "domino meo S...comite Leycestriensi, domino Montisfortis...Biterrensi et Carcassensi vicecomite...et domino meo Amalrico primogenito filio vestro" by charter dated 7 Nov 1214[785]. He defeated the Comte de Toulouse at Castelnaudary, and adopted the titles Vicomte d'Albi, Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne and Marquis de Provence[786]. He defeated Pedro II King of Aragon at Muret 12 Sep 1213. "Simonem comitem de Monteforti" swore homage to Philippe II King of France for "ducatu Narbonensi, comitatu Tolosano, vicecomitatu Biterrensi et Carcassonæ" by charter dated Apr 1216[787]. He lost Toulouse to Comte Raymond in Sep 1217, and was killed during an unsuccessful siege of the city[788]. The Chronicle of Toulouse Saint-Saturnin records that "Simon comes Montisfortis" died "in obsidione Tolosæ, in crastinum festi Sancti Johannis Baptistæ" in 1218[789]. The Annales Sancti Victoris Massilienses record the death "1218 VII Kal Iul" of "Simon comes Montisforti" during the siege of Toulouse[790]. The necrology of Le Mans Cathedral records the death "VII Kal Jul" of "Simon…comes Montisfortis"[791]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, including "…conte Simon…qui mourut en Albigeois et de la contesse Alix sa femme…"[792]. m ([1190]) ALIX de Montmorency, daughter of BOUCHARD [IV] Seigneur de Montmorency & his wife Laurette de Hainaut (-25 Feb 1221, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Matheum in curia Francie nominatissimum et comitissam Montisfortis matrem comitis Almarici" as children of "Loreta [de Haynaco] [uxor] Buchardo de Montinorencei"[793]. A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", and the confirmation by "Simon de Monteforti, predictorum successor virorum et heres" with the consent of "uxore mea Eva [presumably an error for Alix] et filiis meis Amaurico et Guidone et fratre meo Guidone"[794]. "Symon comes Leycestrie dominus Montisfortis…Biterrenensis et Carcasonensis vicecomes" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe with the consent of "A comitissa uxore mea et filiis nostris A et G" by charter dated Jul 1212[795]. The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "V Kal Jan" of "Alix comtesse de Montfort"[796]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, including "…conte Simon…qui mourut en Albigeois et de la contesse Alix sa femme…"[797]. Simon [V] & his wife had [eight] children:

a) AMAURY [VII] de Montfort (-Otranto [Apr] 1241, bur Rome, St Peter's). A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", and the confirmation by "Simon de Monteforti, predictorum successor virorum et heres" with the consent of "uxore mea Eva [presumably an error for Alix] et filiis meis Amaurico et Guidone et fratre meo Guidone"[798]. "Symon comes Leycestrie dominus Montisfortis…Biterrenensis et Carcasonensis vicecomes" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe with the consent of "A comitissa uxore mea et filiis nostris A et G" by charter dated Jul 1212[799]. The Historia Albigensium of Pierre de Vaux-Cernay names "primogenitus comitis Almaricus…utpote puer" when recording that he accompanied "Guido frater comitis" to Narbonne, dated to 1211 from the context[800]. "Henricus comes Ruthenensis, comitatum Ruthenensum, Rodellam, vicecomitatum de Cambolatio" swore homage to "domino meo S...comite Leycestriensi, domino Montisfortis...Biterrensi et Carcassensi vicecomite...et domino meo Amalrico primogenito filio vestro" by charter dated 7 Nov 1214[801]. He succeeded his father in 1218 as Duc de Narbonne, Comte de Toulouse, Seigneur de Montfort, the first two in opposition to Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse. He later used the title Earl of Leicester. He was compelled to agree settlement terms with the Comte de Toulouse and Comte de Foix 14 Jan 1224[802]. He was appointed Constable of France by King Louis IX in Dec 1230, succeeding his maternal uncle Mathieu de Montmorency. "Almaricus comes Montisfortis, Francie constabularius" donated land "in loco…Marescheria" [Marchesserie] to Notre-Dame de la Roche for anniversaries for "…Guidonis Bigorensis comitis fratris nostri", with the consent of "Beatricis uxoris nostre", by charter dated Mar 1237[803]. He fought in the Crusades in 1239, was captured at Gaza 13 Nov 1239, and died on his way home[804]. William of Tyre (Continuator) names "Amarri le conte de Montfort" among those who took part in the crusade from France which landed at Acre in 1239, and in a later passage that he was captured[805]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, including "…comte Amaury…fils dou devant dit conte Simon et dou conte Guy de Bigorre, frere au devant dit conte Amaury…"[806]. The chronicle of Evreux Saint-Taurin records the death in 1241 of "Amauricus comes Montis Fortis, Franciæ constabularius in redite de captivitate Sarracenorum" and his burial "Romæ in ecclesia Beati Petri"[807]. m (Betrothed Carcassonne [1214], consummated 1222) BEATRIX de Viennois, daughter of ANDRE Comte d’Albon [Bourgogne-Capet] & his first wife Beatrix de Sabran Ctss de Gap et d'Embrun ([1205]-17 Sep after 1248). The Historia Albigensium of Pierre de Vaux-Cernay records the betrothal of "primogenitum comitis nostri…Almaricum" and "filiam Delphini", dated to 1214 from the context[808]. The Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus records the marriage of "Andreas Delphinatum…et…Beatrice…Beatricem filiam" and "Amalrico comiti Montisfortis"[809]. "Amalricus…dux Narbonæ, comes Tholosæ, vicecomes Biterrensis et dominus Montisfortis" donated property to the church of Embrun, relating to the dowry of "uxoris meæ filiæ comitis Dalphini", by charter dated 13 Dec 1222[810]. "Almaricus comes Montisfortis, Francie constabularius" donated land "in loco…Marescheria" [Marchesserie] to Notre-Dame de la Roche for anniversaries for "…Guidonis Bigorensis comitis fratris nostri", with the consent of "Beatricis uxoris nostre", by charter dated Mar 1237[811]. The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "XV Kal Oct" of "Beatrix contesse de Montfort jadis femme de Almary conte"[812]. Amaury [VII] & his wife had five children:

i) JEAN de Montfort (-Cyprus 19 Sep 1249, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). Comte de Montfort. "Johannes comes Montisfortis" donated property to the abbey of Notre-Dame de la Roche by charter dated Jun 1248 which names "bone memorie domini Almarici…patris nostri"[813]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, including "…le conte Jean fils du conte Amaury…"[814]. The necrology of Joyenval records the death “19 Sep...circa...1254“ of "domini Joannis Montifortis comitis et dominæ Joannæ de Castilione uxoris eius”[815]. m (before Mar 1248) as her first husband, JEANNE de Châteaudun, daughter of GEOFFROY [VI] Vicomte de Châteaudun & his second wife Clémence des Roches (-[19 Sep 1254]). “Clémence dame de Châteaudun et de Château-du-Loir” donated property to Bonlieu, with the consent of “sa fille Jehanne comtesse de Montfort”, for the souls of “feu Guillaume des Roches sénéchal d’Anjou, de Marguerite dame de Sablé, et de Geoffroy vicomte de Châteaudun”, by charter dated Apr 1250[816]. Heiress of la Suze[817]. “Jeanne comtesse de Montfort” granted a confirmation charter dated 1251[818]. She married secondly ([1250/52]) as his first wife, Jean de Brienne dit d'Acre. Joinville records that “l’empereris s’en alla en France” (dated to [1249] from the context) and took with him “monsignour Jehan d’Acre son frère” whom he married to “la contesce de Montfort”[819]. The necrology of Joyenval records the death “19 Sep...circa...1254“ of "domini Joannis Montifortis comitis et dominæ Joannæ de Castilione uxoris eius”[820]. Jean & his wife had one child:

(a) BEATRIX de Montfort (-4 Mar 1311, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). Her parentage is confirmed by the list in the necrology of Haute-Bruyère of members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, which refers to "…la contesse Beatrix fille dou devant dit conte Jean…" as wife of "conte Robert de Dreux", although the text does not say that she was herself buried there[821]. She succeeded her father as Ctss de Montfort, Dame de Rochefort. She succeeded her mother as Dame de Château-du-Loir. Heiress of la Suze, inherited from her mother[822]. Letters dated Jun 1265 name “Marie comtesse de Dreues dame de Braine et de S. Gualery et Robers ses fius cunes de Dreux et de Montfort, Iean de Dreux son frere, et Beatrix femme d’iceluy Robert”[823]. The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "IV Non Mar" of "Beatrix jadiz comtesse de Dreux et de Montfort"[824]. The necrology of Joyenval records the death “2 Apr“ of "Roberti Druidarum et Montisforti comitis et Beatricis uxoris eius” and their confirmation of donations made by “domino Almarico Montisfortensi comite”[825]. m (1260) ROBERT [IV] Comte de Dreux, son of JEAN [I] Comte de Dreux & his wife Marie de Bourbon ([1241]-12 Nov 1282, bur Braine St Ived). Comte de Montfort, by right of his wife.

ii) MARGUERITE de Montfort ([1225/35]-after Aug 1284). The Chronicon Hanoniense of Baudouin d’Avesnes records that "Jehans...conte de Soissons" married "la fille le conte de Montfort...Marguerite si ot de li 3 fils et une fille"[826]. "Johannes primogenitus J[ohannis] comitis Suessionensis dominus de Cimay et...Margarita de Monteforti eius uxor" confirmed the donation made to Vaux de Cernay under the testament of “bone memorie Almarricus condam comes Montisfortis pater predicte Margarite” by charter dated Apr 1257[827]. “Margguerite de Montfort comtesse de Soissons” donated revenue to Saint-Jean by charter dated Aug 1284[828]. m JEAN [III] Comte de Soissons, son of JEAN [II] Comte de Soissons & his first wife Marie de Chimay (-before Aug 1284).

iii) LAURE de Montfort (-before Aug 1270, bur Abbaye Saint-Antoine-lès-Paris). "Ferrandus domicellus de Pontivo filius regis Hyspanie et Laura filia comitis Montisfortis uxor eiusdem Ferrandi" confirmed the donation made to Vaux de Cernay by “clare memorie Johannes quondam comes Montisfortis filius...Almarici Montisfortis quondam comitis...frater noster, de assensu...Johanne uxoris sue nunc defuncte” by charter dated Dec 1257[829]. Dame d'Epernon. "Ferrandus…regis Hyspanie filius, heres Pontivil et dominus Sparnonis ac miles et domina Laura de Monteforti eiusdem Sparnonis domina eius uxor" issued letters to the priory of Saint-Thomas d’Epernon by charter dated Feb 1261[830]. "Henricus de Grandiprato miles dominus de Lyvriaco et Laura de Monteforti eius uxor domina de Sparnone" donated property to the priory of Saint-Thomas d’Epernon by charter dated Dec 1267[831]. "Henricus comes Grandi prati" confirmed donations to Notre-Dame d'Ourscamp made by “filii nostri Henrici militis domini de Livriaco et Lore de Monteforti dicti filii nostri uxoris”, with the consent of “magister Petrus de Meullento canonicus Cathalaunensis consanguineus meus et Radulfus de Passiaco avunculus meus”, by charter dated May 1267[832]. m firstly (after 1256) Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla, son of FERNANDO III "el Santo" King of Castile & his second wife Jeanne de Dammartin Ctss d'Aumâle et de Ponthieu (1238-in France before 1264). Created Comte d’Aumâle, Baron de Montgomery et de Noyelles-sur-Mer. m secondly (before May 1267) as his first wife, HENRI de Grandpré Seigneur de Livry, son of HENRI [V] Comte de Grandpré & his wife Isabeau de Brienne ([1235/40?]-1287 after 7 Apr, bur Grandpré).

iv) ADELA de Montfort (-28 Mar 1279). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage[833]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m SIMON [II] de Clermont Seigneur d'Ailly, son of RAOUL de Clermont Seigneur d’Ailly & his wife Gertrude de Nesle (-1 Feb 1286).

v) PERNELLE de Montfort (-5 Dec 1275). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Abbess of Port-Royal. The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "V Non Dec" of "Perronnelle de Montfort abbesse de Port Real"[834].

b) GUY de Montfort (-killed in battle 4 Apr 1220, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", and the confirmation by "Simon de Monteforti, predictorum successor virorum et heres" with the consent of "uxore mea Eva [presumably an error for Alix] et filiis meis Amaurico et Guidone et fratre meo Guidone"[835]. "Symon comes Leycestrie dominus Montisfortis…Biterrenensis et Carcasonensis vicecomes" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe with the consent of "A comitissa uxore mea et filiis nostris A et G" by charter dated Jul 1212[836]. The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records in 1220 that "Gui fils de Simon de Montfort" was killed by "le comte de Saint-Gilles"[837]. The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "II Non Apr" of "le jeune Guydo de Montfort"[838]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, including "…comte Amaury…fils dou devant dit conte Simon et dou conte Guy de Bigorre, frere au devant dit conte Amaury…"[839]. "Almaricus comes Montisfortis, Francie constabularius" donated land "in loco…Marescheria" [Marchesserie] to Notre-Dame de la Roche for anniversaries for "…Guidonis Bigorensis comitis fratris nostri", with the consent of "Beatricis uxoris nostre", by charter dated Mar 1237[840]. m (13 Nov 1216) as her third husband, PETRONILLE de Comminges Ctss de Bigorre, widow firstly of GASTON [VI] Vicomte de Béarn and secondly of don NUÑO Sanchez de Aragón, daughter of BERNARD IV de Comminges & his wife Béatrix III Comtesse de Bigorre (-1251). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "Simon de Montfort" married "son fils Guy" to "la comtesse de Bigorre"[841]. The record of the 1503 hearing relating to the dispute over the inheritance of the county of Bigorre records that "Pétronille contesse…de Bigorre" married "feu Monsieur Messire Guy de Narbonne", adding that the marriage was recognised by the church[842]. She married fourthly ([1221/23]) Aymar de Rancon, and fifthly (1228) Boson de Mastas Seigneur de Cognac (-before 1251).

- COMTES de BIGORRE.

c) [daughter .] The Historia Albigensium of Pierre de Vaux-Cernay records that "comes…Tolosanus" betrothed "filius suus" to "filiam comitis Montis-fortis" but later reneged on the promise, dated to 1209 from the context[843]. It is not known whether this daughter was the same as one of the other daughters named below. Betrothed (1209, contract broken) to RAYMOND de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND Comte de Toulouse & his third wife Joan of England (Beaucaire, Gard Jul 1197-Millau, Aveyron 27 Sep 1249, bur Fontevraud). He succeeded his father in 1222 as RAYMOND VII Comte de Toulouse.

d) PETRONILLE de Montfort (-before 1237). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "soror…Symonis [de Montisforti]…Petronilla"[844]. A nun.

e) AMICIE de Montfort (-20 Feb 1253). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. “Galcherus de Jovigniaco et...Amicya uxor dicti Galcheri” donated property to Escharlis abbey by charter dated Apr 1229[845]. Mathilde Ctss de Nevers confirmed the donation of "villa sue de Nannaio, Autissiodorensis diecesis" made to the chapter of Auxerre by “Amicie relicte bone memorie Galteri de Joigniaco et Galterii filii eorumdem” by charter dated May 1241[846]. m (before May 1226) as his second wife, GAUCHER de Joigny Seigneur de Châteaurenard, son of RENARD [IV] Comte de Joigny & his wife Adelaide de Nevers (-before Nov 1237).

f) LAURE de Montfort (-1227 or before). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Darsy names "Lore ou Laure de Montfort" as first wife of Gérard [III] de Picquigny, and refers to her testament under which she bequeathed property to Gard convent[847]. If her family origin is correctly stated, the chronology suggests that she was the daughter of Simon de Montfort and his wife Alix de Montmorency. m as his first wife, GERARD [III] de Picquigny Vidame d'Amiens, son of ENGUERRAND de Picquigny Vidame d’Amiens & his wife Marguerite de Ponthieu (-[May 1248/Jun 1249]).

g) SIMON de Montfort ([1208/09]-killed in battle Evesham 4 Aug 1265, bur Evesham). The Chronique de Guillaume de Nangis records in 1239 that "Simon de Montfort…fils de Simon comte de Montfort" fled to England, having become the enemy of the queen of France, where King Henry gave him the earldom of Leicester and his sister's hand in marriage[848]. He was granted the inheritance of his paternal grandmother in England by Henry III King of England in Aug 1231 and installed as Earl of Leicester 11 Apr 1239.

- EARLS of LEICESTER.

h) ROBERT de Montfort . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

2. GUY de Montfort (-killed in battle Vareilles near Pamiers 31 Jan 1228, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "comes Symon Montisfortis et Guido frater eius" as "Guilelmum comitem Licestrie…sorore"[849]. Seigneur de Castres-en-Albigeois et de Ferté-Alais.

- SEIGNEURS de CASTRES.

3. PETRONILLE de Montfort (-3 Feb 1216). The necrology of Joyenval records the death “3 Feb“ 1216 of "dominæ Petronillæ, domini Bartholomæi fundatoris conjugis et patruæ domini Almarici Montisfortis comitis”[850]. m BARTHELEMY de Roye Grand Chambrier de France, son of RORICON de Roye & his wife Adeline de Guise (-24 Jan 1237, bur Joyenval).

C. SEIGNEURS de FERRIERES

Ferrières, today Ferrières-Saint-Hilaire, is located in the north-eastern outskirts of Broglie, about 5 kilometres south of Bernay, in the present-day French département of Eure, arrondissement Bernay. For earlier members of this family, see the document ENGLISH UNTITLED NOBILITY D-K. Le Prévost notes that “les deux communes de Chambrais et Ferrières-Saint-Hilaire” were named in “la constitution de douaire de la duchesse Judith” but not in the foundation charter of Bernay abbey, suggesting that by the date of the latter document they had already been granted to the Ferrières family[851].

1. HENRI de Ferrers, son of WALKELIN [Walchelin] de Ferrers & his wife --- (-after 1207). The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Henricus de Ferrariis" paying "iv xx xii l [=92?] xv s viii d" in Devonshire[852]. Seigneur de Ferrières. Seigneur de Chambrais 1202. “Henri de Ferrières, fils de Vauquelin” confirmed his father’s donations of “decimas molendinorum de Ferrieres, de Cambrasio...” to Saint-Wandrille by charter dated 1207[853]. The Complete Peerage records that he was ancestor of the Seigneurs de Ferrières et de Chambrais in Normandy, extinct in the male line in 1504 [date incorrect, see below][854]. m AMICIE de Meulan, daughter of WALERAN de Beaumont-le-Roger Comte de Meulan & his wife Agnes de Montfort Dame de Gournay-sur-Marne ([1145/60]-). La Roque names “Amicie de Meullent dame de la baronnie de Ferrieres” as third daughter of Waléran de Meulan, in a later passage naming her husband “Henry sire et Baron de Ferrieres”[855]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. The chronology suggests that, if the information is correct, Amicie’s husband would have been Henri son of Walkelin de Ferrers.

2. HENRI de Ferrières (-after 1274). Seigneur de Ferrières. The Regestrum Visitationum of Archbishop Eudes Rigaud records his visit “in manerio domini Henrici de Ferrariis, apud Ferrarias” 12 Jan 1267[856]. The roll of knights of Normandy “pour l’ost de Foix, en 1274” includes “...Richard de Capevaal pour Henry de Ferrièrs...”[857].

The following information concerning Jean [I] and his family has not been verified, as explained below.

1. [JEAN [I] de Ferrières (-[after 1320]). La Roque records Jean [I] as son of “Hue de Ferrieres (mais c’estoit Henry Baron de Ferrieres) et de la fille du Comte d’Evreux”[858]. No other reference has been found to a Ferrières/Evreux marriage, while La Roque’s confusion between “Hue...Henry” is difficult to understand. Blanchard records “Jean 1. du nom seigneur de Ferrieres...le plus ancien de cette maison qui soit venu à ma cognoissance”, noting that “il vivoit environ l’an 1300” (no sources cited)[859]. Seigneur de Ferrières. Jean Seigneur de Ferrières agreed to swear allegiance to Robert d’Artois Comte de Beaumont for the baronny of Ferrières, confirmed by the king by charter dated Jul 1319[860]. “Mons. Jehan sire de Ferières” held “le fié de Ferières par baronie...”, dated 1320[861]. m ALIX [Jeanne] d’Harcourt, daughter of JEAN [I] Seigneur d’Harcourt & his wife Alix de Beaumont ([1240/60?]-). In a genealogical table, La Roque names “Alix de Harcourt, Baronne de Ferrieres” as one of the daughters of Jean [I] Seigneur d’Harcourt & Alix de Beaumont[862]. In another passage, La Roque records that “les pere et mere de Vauquelin de Ferrieres et de Blanche de Ferrieres sa sœur Dame de Beaumont le Roger” were “Jean premier baron de Ferrieres” and “une fille de cette maison de Harcourt que Jean le Feron appelle Alix et la genealogie de Ferrieres Jeanne de Harcourt, Dame de Bourgrouroude, de Vias et de Bressan, fille de Jean premier du nom Baron de Harcourt...”[863]. Blanchard also records “Alix (par aucuns nommée Jeanne) de Harcourt, fille de Jean 2...et d’Alix de Beaumont” as Jean [I]’s wife (no sources cited)[864]. The primary sources which confirm that all this information is correct have not been identified. If it is accurate, Alix/Jeanne would presumably have been born [1240/60]. [Jean [I] & his wife had [three] children:]

a) [VAUQUELIN de Ferrières (-after 1304). La Roque names “Vauquelin Baron de Ferrieres” as son of Jean [I], noting that he “est remarqué avec la fille du Comte de Vendosme sa femme sur l’année 1304”[865]. No other reference has been found to a Ferrières/Vendôme marriage (see the document VENDÔME). No primary source has been identified which names Vauquelin and until further information emerges, it is suggested that his existence be treated with caution. [Seigneur de Ferrières]. Blanchard names “Jean 2. du nom seigneur de Ferrieres” as son and successor of Jean [I], noting that he was “par quelques-uns nommé Vauquelin qui luy donnent aussi pour femme une fille du Comte de Vendôme” (no sources cited)[866].]

b) [BLANCHE de Ferrières . La Roque names “Blanche de Ferrieres femme de Raoul de Meulent Sire de Beaumont le Roger, de Briosne et de Courseulles…lequel épousa en secondes nopces Jeanne Painel de Hambie” as sister of Vauquelin[867]. No primary source has been found which indicates that this information is correct but, if there is any truth in the assertion, the chronology indicates that her husband would have been Raoul de Meulan Seigneur de Courseulles. However, La Roque’s narrative concerning the Meulan-Courseulles family is confused. Until more information comes to light, it is therefore suggested that this information be treated with caution.]

c) [JEANNE de Ferrières . Blanchard names “Jeanne de Ferrieres mariée avec Jean seigneur de Creully” as daughter of Jean [I], noting she brought “un fief scis en la parroisse de sainct Marcoul, qui depuis escheut à Fouques de Creully leur fils” to the marriage (no sources cited)[868]. This information has not been verified. Blanchard does not mention Blanche.]

Apart from the report by Le Prévost cited below, no source has yet been found which names Louis de Ferrières. He is not mentioned by Blanchard[869]. After Louis, the chronology indicates the existence of another seigneur de Ferrières before the succession of Gauvain/Jean [II] (see below), whose relationship with Louis is suggested by his marriage to the daughter of Louis’s widow by her second marriage.

1. LOUIS de Ferrières (-11 Apr 1327). Seigneur de Ferrières. m as her first husband, BLANCHE Crespin, daughter of JEAN Crespin Seigneur de Dangu & his wife Jeanne d’Avaugour ([1310/15?]-after 1367). Her birth date is estimated very approximately consistent with the date of death of her first husband and the suggested birth dates of her descendants by her second marriage. Le Prévost records her parentage and two marriages (no sources cited)[870]. She married secondly (after Apr 1327) Pierre Seigneur de Préaux. La Roque records that “Jean de Préaux” married “Blanche Crespin dame de Dangu fille de Guillaume Crespin Barton du Bec-crespin et sire de Mauny et de Jeanne d’Avaugour”[871]. Blanche “dame de Préaux, Thury et Dangu” was named in a charter dated 1365[872]. She was named in the 1367 document relating to her daughter Marguerite cited below.

2. [--- de Ferrières . The existence of this person is speculative but, as suggested above, appears to be indicated by the family chronology. If that is correct, he was presumably the father or uncle of Gauvain/Jean [II] who is named below. Seigneur de Ferrières.]

No primary source has been found which confirms the parentage of Gauvain/Jean [II]. He was presumably the son or other close relative of the unnamed seigneur de Ferrières who, as suggested above, succeeded Louis Seigneur de Ferrières. The estimated birth date of his wife Jeanne de Préaux suggests that Gauvain/Jean [II] was born [1325/40]. The chronology then suggests that he was the father of Jean [III] (husband of Marguerite d’Harcourt), as indicated by La Roque, although no primary source has yet been found which confirms this affiliation. Blanchard, on the other hand, names Gauvain/Jean as the son of Jean who married Marguerite[873]. Although this seems chronologically impossible, Blanchard’s suggestion was followed by Le Prévost (despite his citing La Roque’s position)[874].

1. GAUVAIN [Jean [II]?] de Ferrières ([1325/40?]-before 30 Sep 1397). La Roque names “Jean 3. dit Gauvain” as son of “Vauquelin Baron de Ferrieres”[875]: he is the only author yet found who indicates the possibility of this person’s two names. Assuming that Jean/Gauvain was born around the same time as his wife, La Roque’s suggested parentage is unlikely to be correct considering the mention of Vauquelin (if he existed) in 1304 (see above). From the context, La Roque’s reference to “3” should presumably be “2” as on the previous page he records the marriage of Jean [II] and Jeanne de Préaux, noting that they were parents of Jean [III]. Père Anselme records “un arrêt du parlement de Rouen” dated 1 Feb 1542 which names “Gauvain de Ferrières” as husband of Jeanne de Préaux[876]. He must have died before 30 Sep 1397, the date of his son’s document cited below. m JEANNE de Préaux, daughter of PIERRE de Préaux Seigneur de Préaux, de Thury et de Dangu & his wife Blanche Crespin ([1335/45?]-before 30 Sep 1397). Her birth date is estimated very approximately to test the chronology of her descendants, who succeeded to Préaux after the extinction of the descendants of her older sister Marguerite. Le Prévost records her parentage and marriage, noting that she brought Dangu, Thury and Préaux to her husband (no sources cited)[877]. As noted above, in one passage La Roque names her “Jeanne” while in another “Yolande”[878]. The primary sources which confirm all this information have not been identified, although it appears to hang together. Her date of death is confirmed by the 30 Sep 1397 document cited below under her son. Gauvain/Jean & his wife had one child:

a) JEAN [III] de Ferrières (-after 7 Apr 1402). Polonovski names Jeanne de Préaux as mother of “Jean III de Ferrières” who married Marguerite d’Harcourt[879]. He is following La Roque[880], whose explanation appears logical as discussed above. As also noted above, both Blanchard and Le Prévost say that Jean [II] was the son of Jean [III], which appears chronologically impossible. Blanchard is in fact inconsistent, as in another passage he notes that Jean [III] swore allegiance to the king 30 Sep 1397 “d’un fief scis en la paroisse de sainct Marcoul...comme héritier de feu Madame Jeanne de Ferrieres sa mere...”[881]. m MARGUERITE d’Harcourt, daughter of GUILLAUME d’Harcourt Seigneur de la Ferté-Imbault et de Montfort-le-Rotrou & his first wife Blanche de Bray ([1360/70?]-after 7 Apr 1402). Her birth date is estimated very approximately to test the chronology of her descendants. Le Prévost records her family origin and marriage, noting that she brought Dangu, Thuri and Préaux to her husband, and that La Chesnaye des Bois dates their marriage to 1400[882]. That date, which seems late in light of the chronology of the Harcourt family, has not been confirmed. A document dated 1401 relates to the claim made by "Petronilla de Villaribus domina de Feritate Imbaudi relicta defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria quondam militis et domini dicti loci" against “Hugonem de Montemorenciaco dominum de Bellosaltu et Ioannem dominum de Ferreriis milites, necnon Colardum de Estouteville ad causam uxorum suarum heredum dicti defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria Maria de Haricuria uxor dicti Colardi defuncta”[883]. A document dated 1401 records the dispute between "cambellanus noster Ioannes dominus de Ferreriis miles et Margareta de Haricuria eius uxor" against “Hugonem de Montemorenciaco militem dominum de Bellosaltu et Ioannam de Haricuria eius uxorem et Colardum de Estoutevilla dominum de Torciaco et de Beina” concerning the succession of “defunctæ Mariæ de Haricuria uxoris dicti Colardi sororis uxorum dictorum militum” who had shared the succession of “defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria militis dominis de Feritate Imbaudi”[884]. A document dated 7 Apr 1402 records the claim by "Ioannes dominus de Ferrieres miles et Margareta de Haricuria eius uxor" against “Hugonem de Montemorenciaco militem dominum de Bellosaltu et Ioannam de Haricuria eius uxorem” relating to the succession of her father[885]. Jean [III] & his wife had three children:

i) JEAN [IV] de Ferrières (-after 1454). Polonovski names “Jean III de Ferrières”, his wife Marguerite d’Harcourt and their children Jean, Charles and Guillaume de Ferrières[886]. Le Prévost notes that he was “seigneur de Dangu, Montfort-le-Rotrou, Vibraye, Préaux et Thuri”, pleaded in 1453 “avec Gui de la Roche-Guyon pour la préséance à l’échiquier de Normandie”, and settled a dispute with “Jean Crespin baron du Bec-Crespin” under which he retained “les seigneuries de Thuri et de Dangu” (no sources cited)[887].

- see below.

ii) CHARLES de Ferrières . Polonovski names “Jean III de Ferrières”, his wife Marguerite d’Harcourt and their children Jean, Charles and Guillaume de Ferrières[888]. The information concerning the two younger sons has not been verified.

iii) GUILLAUME de Ferrières . Polonovski names “Jean III de Ferrières”, his wife Marguerite d’Harcourt and their children Jean, Charles and Guillaume de Ferrières[889]. The information concerning the two younger sons has not been verified.

JEAN [IV] de Ferrières, son of JEAN [III] Seigneur de Ferrières & his wife Marguerite d’Harcourt (-after 1454). Le Prévost notes that he was “seigneur de Dangu, Montfort-le-Rotrou, Vibraye, Préaux et Thuri”, pleaded in 1453 “avec Gui de la Roche-Guyon pour la préséance à l’échiquier de Normandie”, and settled a dispute with “Jean Crespin baron du Bec-Crespin” under which he retained “les seigneuries de Thuri et de Dangu” (no sources cited)[890]. Blanchard dates the latter agreement to 1454[891].

m JEANNE de Tilly Dame de Thibouville, de la Rivière et de Crèvecœur, daughter of JEAN de Tilly Seigneur châtelain de Boisset-le-Châtel & his wife --- (-27 Feb [1456], bur Le Bec-Hellouin). Le Prévost records her parentage shown above (as her father’s only child) and marriage (no sources cited)[892]. Le Métayer-Masselin records Jeanne as the daughter of Robert de Thibouville Seigneur de la Rivière-Thibouville, noting that she brought “la baronnie...de la Rivière-Thibouville et autres” to her husband, and was buried “dans l’église abbatiale du Bec-Hellouin” (no sources cited)[893]. An epitaph at Le Bec-Hellouin records “noble...dame Jehane de Tilly veufve de feu...Jehn sires de Ferieres chlr...dame dudit lieu de Ferieres, de la Rivière, de Thibouville, de Crevecœur [d’] Auge, de Bailleul, de Brucourt, de Boissy-le-Chatel” who died 27 Feb [1455][894].

Jean [IV] & his wife had three children:

1. JEAN [V] de Ferrières . Blanchard records his parentage, noting that he was “Chevalier, Seigneur de Ferrieres, de Preaux, Montfort, Vibraye et autres lieux” and “Protonotaire du Saint Siège Apostolique, Conseiller et Maître des requêtes de l’Hostel du Roy” (no sources cited)[895]. Le Prévost records his parentage, noting that he entered the church, and was[896]. m (1485) ANNE Jouffrey, daughter of ---. Blanchard records her marriage in 1485 as “une damoiselle de Dauphiné”, ignorant of her husband’s ecclesiastical status (no sources cited)[897]. Le Prévost records her family origin and marriage “en Dauphiné”, noting that her husband did not declare his ecclesiastical position when marrying, and that the couple had four daughters who were later legitimated by the Pope (no sources cited)[898]. Jean [V] & his wife had four children (legitimated by Popes Innocent VIII and Alexander VI[899], admitted “à l’Echiquier de Normandie” in 1507 for the two older daughters[900]):

a) ELEONORE de Ferrières . Blanchard records her parentage (as “Dame de Montfort”) and two marriages (no sources cited)[901]. m firstly JACQUES de Montigny Seigneur de Fresne, son of ---. m secondly CHRISTOPHE de Montbéron Vicomte d’Aulay, son of ---.

b) RENEE CATHERINE de Ferrières (-after 27 Sep 1537, bur Pons Franciscans). Blanchard records her parentage and marriage (no sources cited)[902]. The testament of “Catherine de Ferrière dame de Pons”, dated 27 Sep 1537, chose burial “en l’église...des frères mineurs...de Pons”, named “[son fils] Antoine de Pons” as her heir, and ordered him to make payments to “Jacques, Argus, Jehan, Claude, Barbe et Charles de Pons nos enfants”[903]. m FRANÇOIS Seigneur de Pons, son of FRANÇOIS de Pons Seigneur de Montfort & his wife Marguerite de Coëtivy (1484 or after-after 29 Apr 1523).

c) FRANÇOISE de Ferrières . Blanchard records her parentage and marriage, and the couple’s descendants (no sources cited)[904]. Le Prévost also records some information about their descendants[905]. m ANTOINE d’Arces Seigneur de la Bastie, son of ---. Viceroy of Scotland.

d) MARGUERITE de Ferrières . Blanchard records her parentage and marriage, and her daughter (with her two marriages) (no sources cited)[906]. m PHILIBERT d’Arces Seigneur de Saint-Maurice, son of ---.

2. GUILLAUME de Ferrières (-before 1511). Blanchard records his parentage as “Seigneur de Dangu et de Thury” (no sources cited)[907]. Le Prévost records his parentage, noting that he challenged the validity of his brother’s marriage, pleaded 12 Nov 1484 against “le baron de Clère pour la préséance à l’échiquier”, and noting his death “avant l’année 1511” (no sources cited)[908]. [m firstly --- de Dammartin, daughter of --- Comte de Dammartin & his wife ---. La Chesnaye des Bois records this supposed first marriage, Le Prévost noting that “[elle] ne figure pas dans la généalogie” of the Dammartin family[909].]. m [secondly] JACQUELINE de Fayel Vicomtesse de Breteuil, daughter of ---. Blanchard records her parentage and marriage (no sources cited)[910]. Le Prévost records her family origin and marriage, noting that he could not identify her parents (no sources cited)[911]. Guillaume & his second wife had two children:

a) PIERRE de Ferrières (-7 Sep 1550). Blanchard records his parentage as “chevalier, Seigneur de Thury et de Dangu, Vicomte de Breteuil”, noting that he settled the dispute with his cousins in 1529, under which he retained “les seigneuries de Préaux, Gisors, Besu et Crèvecœur” (no sources cited)[912]. Le Prévost records his parentage, noting that he donated property to Dangu Saint-Jean 19 Oct 1516 (no sources cited)[913]. m ANNE Basset, daughter of ---. Le Prévost records her family origin and marriage (no sources cited)[914]. Pierre & his wife had one child:

i) LOUISE de Ferrières . Le Prévost records her parentage and first marriage, noting that she sold the seigneurie de Dangu, with the consent of her [first] husband, to Anne de Montmorency Connétable de France 14 Oct/27 Nov 1554[915]. m firstly --- Seigneur d’Aumont, son of ---. m secondly ---.

b) FRANÇOISE de Ferrières . Blanchard records her parentage and marriage, as well as the couple’s three daughters (no sources cited)[916]. Le Prévost records her parentage, but no marriage (no sources cited)[917]. Some confusion is possible with her supposed niece Louise, also recorded as married to a member of the Aumont family. m FERRY d’Aumont Seigneur de Méru, son of ---.

3. JEANNE de Ferrières . Blanchard and Le Prévost record her parentage and marriage (no sources cited)[918]. m GUILLAUME de Rieux Seigneur de Châteaufort, son of ---.

D. SEIGNEURS d’HARCOURT, COMTES d’HARCOURT

Sources relating to the Harcourt family were published by La Roque in the 17th century[919]. The work is disappointing and compares unfavourably to similar studies, for instance, by Duchesne. Many of the documents in the “Preuves”, at least for the earlier generations of the family, are manuscript transcriptions for which source references are not provided. They are in most cases undated, but from the style and language many appear to be 16th and early 17th century copies. Other “sources” quoted by La Roque are clearly summaries of other documents, whose accuracy cannot be verified. Another problem with La Roque’s work is his long lists of children attributed to the heads of the Harcourt family in the 12th and 13th centuries, whose names are uncorroborated by source material (either his own “Preuves” or other sources). These names have not been included in the reconstruction shown below unless their parentage has been corroborated by primary source documentation. The tables showing the early generations of the Harcourt family in Europäische Stammtafeln appear to assume that the parentage of all these children is correctly reported by La Roque[920]. The branch of the family which settled in England (see UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY D-K) is virtually ignored by La Roque.

1. ANSCHETIL d’Harcourt . Guillaume de Jumièges records that “Turulfo de Ponte-Audomari...filius...Torf” was the brother of “Turchetillus pater Anschetilli de Harecurt”[921]. m ---. The name of Anschetil’s wife is not known. The charter dated 13 Jan 1103, under which “Philippus de Braosa” confirmed agreement with the abbey of Fécamp witnessed by “ex parte Philippi, Robertus frater eius, Anchetilli filius...”[922], suggests that Anschetil’s widow may have married, as her second husband, Guillaume [I] de Briouse (-[11 Dec 1093/1095]). Anschetil & his wife had [three] children:

a) [ERRAND (-after 1078). La Roque does not quote any contemporary primary sources which name Errand. Père Anselme says that “Errand de Harcourt seigneur de Boeffey-le-Chatel” is called “seigneur, sire et baron de Harcourt” in “plusieurs histoires” [unspecified] which record that he took part in the Norman invasion of England in 1066[923]. Seigneur d’Harcourt.] [m as her first husband, EMMA d’Estouteville, daughter of ROBERT [I] d’Estouteville & his wife [Beatrix ---] (-bur Saint-Evroul[924]). La Roque states that “une généalogie de la maison d’Estouteville” names Errand’s wife as “Emme et la comprend entre ceux du sang...[de] Robert d’Estouteville”, suggesting that she was the same person who later married “Hugues de Grentesmesnil”[925]. The passage is somewhat garbled and in any case La Roque does not provide a citation reference to the source in question or quote it in his “Preuves”. It is suggested that, until further documentation comes to light, this supposed marriage of Errand should be treated with caution. She married secondly as his second wife, Robert de Grantmesnil. She is named as second wife of Robert de Grantmesnil by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her father[926].]

b) ROBERT d’Harcourt (-before 1118). Seigneur d’Harcourt, de Cailleville, de Beauficel et de Boissey-le-Châtel. Père Anselme says that Robert built the castle of Harcourt (undated)[927]. “Philippus de Braosa” confirmed agreement with the abbey of Fécamp by charter dated 13 Jan 1103 which names "Willielmus Philippi pater", and is witnessed by “ex parte Philippi, Robertus frater eius, Anchetilli filius...”[928]. m AGNES, daughter of --- (-after 1148). Her name is confirmed by the charter dated 1148 under which [her son] “Willielmus de Harvecurt” donated “totam terram Stantunie” to Garendon abbey (Leicestershire), with the consent of “Yvonis fratris mei et Agnetis matris mee”[929]. Robert & his wife had [eight] children:

i) SIMON d’Harcourt . “Robertus filius Ansketil, Simon filius eius” are named in the curia of Robert de Beaumont Earl of Leicester dated to [1101/18][930].

ii) GUILLAUME d’Harcourt (-after 1154). The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Wills fil Rob fil Anschet" after the death of "Rob fratris sui" in Leicestershire[931]. A charter dated [1154] records that "Ph[ilippus] Baiocensis episcopus…Willelmus de Braiosa et Willelmus de Harecourt" donated the church of Sumtinges to the Templars[932]. Seigneur d’Harcourt, de Cailleville, de Beauficel et de Boissey-le-Châtel. “A...regina” granted “manerium meum de Stanton” in four parts to Reading convent, to the Knights Templars, to “Milisendi cognatæ meæ uxori Roberti Marmium”, and to “Willielmo de Harestactu”, undated[933]. “Willielmus de Harvecurt” donated “totam terram Stantunie” to Garendon abbey (Leicestershire), with the consent of “Yvonis fratris mei et Agnetis matris mee”, by charter dated 1148[934]. Pope Anastasius IV (1153/54) confirmed donations to Garendon abbey, including the donation of “tertiam partem totius terre Stantune” made by “Willielmi de Haurucurth” with the consent of “Yvonis fratris sui et Agnetis matris ipsorum”, by undated charter[935]. m ---. The name of Guillaume’s wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

(a) ROBERT [II] "le Vaillant" (-[1208]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur d’Harcourt.

- see below.

iii) ROBERT d’Harcourt (-before 1130). The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Wills fil Rob fil Anschet" after the death of "Rob fratris sui" in Leicestershire[936].

iv) ANSCHETIL d’Harcourt (-after 1138). The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Anschetill de Herolcurt" in Leicestershire[937]. The marriage settlement of "Rogerus comes Warr…Agnetem filiam meam" and "Gaufrido camerario" is undated, witnessed by "…Roberto fratre meo et Gaufrido et Henrico…Hastecill de Haruc…Willelmus de Glint[ona]…Hug[one] de Glint[ona] et Maur[icio] fratre eius…"[938].

v) IVO d’Harcourt (-after 1166). “Willielmus de Harvecurt” donated “totam terram Stantunie” to Garendon abbey (Leicestershire), with the consent of “Yvonis fratris mei et Agnetis matris mee”, by charter dated 1148[939]. Pope Anastasius IV (1153/54) confirmed donations to Garendon abbey (Leicestershire), including the donation of “tertiam partem totius terre Stantune” made by “Willielmi de Haurucurth” with the consent of “Yvonis fratris sui et Agnetis matris ipsorum”, by undated charter[940].

- HARCOURT in ENGLAND.

vi) RICHARD d’Harcourt (-after 1166). Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Ricardus filius Willelmi de Harcourt" held one knight’s fee in "Stantona" in Oxfordshire from "Henrici de Oyli"[941].

vii) PHILIPPE d’Harcourt . Bishop of Bayeux. A charter dated [1154] records that "Ph[ilippus] Baiocensis episcopus…Willelmus de Braiosa et Willelmus de Harecourt" donated the church of Sumtinges to the Templars[942]. Henry II King of England settled a dispute with "Philippum Baiocensem episcopum" about the killing of "Beatricis neptis prædicti episcopi" by "Robertus nepos Philippi de Columbariis" by charter dated to [1154/63][943].

viii) [--- d’Harcourt . m ---.] One child:

(a) BEATRIX (-before [1154/63]). Henry II King of England settled a dispute with "Philippum Baiocensem episcopum" about the killing of "Beatricis neptis prædicti episcopi" by "Robertus nepos Philippi de Columbariis" by charter dated to [1154/63][944].

c) [WILLIAM FitzAnschetil . A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of “unum molendinum juxta Bunebroc, Colegrim…et…in Beltona” by “Willielmus Aschetilli filius”[945].]

ROBERT [II] "le Vaillant" d’Harcourt, son of GUILLAUME Seigneur d’Harcourt & his wife --- (-[1208]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur d’Harcourt. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Robertus de Harecurt" with one knight "in baillia Ranulfi de Rollancurt"[946]. "…Roberto de Haricuria…" subscribed the charter dated to [1172/78] under which Henry II King of England confirmed donations to the monks of Bec established at the church of Pré at Rouen which had been made by a charter of King Henry I dated 1122[947]. La Roque gives an extract (in French translation) of a charter dated 1192 under which “Robert de Harcourt surnommé le Tort” donated property to the monastery of Notre-Dame de la Noë, with the consent of “Richard, Jean et Amaury de Harcourt ses enfants”[948].

[m firstly [JEANNE] de Meulan, daughter of ROBERT Comte de Meulan & his wife Matilda of Cornwall. Many secondary sources name Jeanne de Meulan as the wife of Robert [II] Seigneur d’Harcourt. This can be traced back to La Roque who states that “Jeanne de Meullent Dame d’Elbeuf…Dame de Beaumesnil, de Sainct Celerin et autres seigneuries”, daughter of Robert [II] Comte de Meulan and his wife, married “[son cousin]…Robert 2. Baron de Harcourt dit le Vaillant…par dispense”[949]. La Roque adds that “ailleurs il est dit que Galeran Comte de Meulent en execution de la volonté du Comte Robert de Meulent son pere, consentit que Jeanne de Meulent sa sœur eust les seigneuries cy-dessus et donna de son chef à Richard de Harcourt son neveu, fils aisné de Jeanne de Meulent, la seigneurie d’Elbeuf, en reconnoissant toujours qu’ils estoient de la mesme race et de mesme sang”[950]. He cites no source which supports this statement or provides the basis for the proposed marriage. The issue is to decide whether there could be any validity at all for this alleged marriage[951]. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy", dismisses La Roque’s position as unsupported[952]. He traces the ownership of Elbœuf as providing one approach to testing the question. Stapleton quotes three documents relating to Elbœuf: firstly, the marriage contract between Waléran, son of Robert Comte de Meulan, and Marguerite de Fougères, dated 1189, under which Marguerite received dower including "100 livres in Elbœuf i.e. in land and men…and [if] Waléran [died], Marguerite his wife to have her dower in its entirety"; secondly, John King of England directed the bailiffs of the Lieuvin, Vaudreuil and La Londe, by writs dated 7 Feb and 12 Feb 1203, "to cause Richard d’Harcourt to have…the land which had belonged to Margaret filia Willelmi de Feugeriis" and "to have the rent qui fuit Margarete uxoris quondam Walerani de Mellent, sororis Willelmi de Feugeriis, que est cum Britonibus"; thirdly, King John, dated 28 May 1203, made known that Robert Comte de Meulan "had pledged all his land in Normandy to Us", that it would revert to Robert if the king predeceased him "except Elbœuf…which he hath granted to Richard d’Harcourt by Our consent"[953]. Stapleton assumes that Marguerite de Fougères, widow of Waléran de Meulan, was dispossessed by King John. Marguerite is stated to be "with the Bretons" ("cum Britonibus") in the source dated 12 Feb 1203. These events occurred during the critical period before and after the murder of Arthur Duke of Brittany (killed 3 Apr 1203), so such dispossession is plausible as part of the king’s operations against Brittany. On the other side of the argument, the 28 May 1203 source states that Comte Robert had granted Elbœuf to Richard d’Harcourt with the king’s consent, a point on which the 7 Feb and 12 Feb orders are silent. If the transfer was a voluntary one, a close family relationship between Robert de Meulan and Richard d’Harcourt would provide the best explanation for the grant. However, in that case, Robert de Meulan must have been complicit in depriving his own daughter-in-law of her dower before making the transfer. Such a scenario is unlikely as relations between Robert and the king were poor: an order of King John dated 2 Apr 1203 assured "R. com Melleti" that the king would end all bad feelings (“perdonavimus vobis omnem iram et malivolentiam que habemus adversus vos”) if he visited before the end of the Easter period ("si venitis ad nos infra claus Pasch pxim") and granted him safe passage[954]. The result was the 28 May 1203 order proclaiming Robert’s pledge of his lands to the king, which sounds anything but voluntary. That document, as quoted by Stapleton, states no Meulan/Harcourt family relationship and Stapleton takes this omission as indicating that no family connection existed. Although there are numerous examples of transfers between relatives where the documents are silent on the actual relationship, the omission is telling in this case. Stapleton also cites the charter dated 1 May 1204, under which Robert Comte de Meulan devised his lands "ex toto to Mabiria wife of William Earl of the Isle and to have them confirmed to [her], as to his next heir [tanquam heredi meo propinquiori]"[955]. He suggests that "tanquam heredi meo propinquiori" indicates that none of Comte Robert’s other children had surviving issue (which would mean that Richard d’Harcourt could not have been Comte Robert’s grandson). The phrase also covers the situation where there were surviving grandchildren, with Mabile being his only surviving child who was more closely related to him ("propinquiori") by one generation than the grandchildren. Such grandchildren would include the issue of Robert’s deceased son Waléran by Marguerite de Fougères, and so the 1 May 1204 decision could have formed part of the king’s repression of Breton sympathisers. In conclusion, political circumstances at the time suggest that the transfer of Elbœuf to Richard d’Harcourt took place against the wishes of the Meulan family, which in turn suggests that they were not related and that the alleged marriage of [Jeanne] de Meulan never took place. While it is impossible to conclude definitively on the likelihood of La Roque being correct, his work contains many inaccuracies and is not reliable, as noted elsewhere in the present document. By way of footnote, if the daughter of Robert Comte de Meulan did marry Robert [II] Seigneur d’Harcourt, the chronology indicates that she would have been his first wife. In addition, it is likely that her name was not Jeanne in light of the contradictory sources which refer to the wife of Guy de la Roche-Guyon, another daughter of Robert de Meulan, as explained in more detail in the Meulan section of the present document.]

m [secondly] EVA Crispin, daughter of JOSCELIN Crispin & his wife Isabelle de Dangu (-[before 1192], bur Mortemer-és-Lions). The Historia cœnobiii Mortui-Maris records (during the period after "domnus Willelmus natione Anglicus" was appointed abbot of Mortemer, from the context, which appears to have been in [1179/80] judging from other parts of the same text) that "domina…Isabella de Dangu" chose burial at Mortemer and that after she died "vir eius domnus Joscelinus Crispinus et filii eorum" donated revenue "in molendino de Waltot" for her anniversary and that of "patris eius Robertus de Dangu", and also states that "Domina etiam de Harecort filia eius" donated books and other items for her own burial in the abbey[956]. Thomas Stapleton names "William, Robert and Eustace" as the sons of Joscelin Crispin and "Agnes, Eva and Emelina…the daughters…on whom Eva was lady of Harcourt", but he does not cite the primary source which confirms this information[957]. Assuming that all this information is correct, it is reasonable from a chronological point of view to suppose that the husband of Eva Crispin was Robert [II] Seigneur d’Harcourt. The absence of any wife’s name from the charter dated 1192, quoted below, suggests that Robert may have been a widower by that date.

Robert [II] & his [second] wife had three children:

1. RICHARD ([1180/83]-[8 Jun 1236/39]). La Roque gives an extract (in French translation) of a charter dated 1192 under which “Robert de Harcourt surnommé le Tort” donated property to the monastery of Notre-Dame de la Noë, with the consent of “Richard, Jean et Amaury de Harcourt ses enfants”[958]. King John confirmed the grant of "Welleboe" made to "Ric de Harac' t" by "Robtus com de Mellet" by charter dated 3 Jun 1203[959]. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy", quotes (in translation) a letter dated 26 Dec 1206 from John King of England addressed to Richard d’Harcourt and Jean his brother which records their intention of returning to England and the king’s promise to restore to them their English lands[960]. Seigneur d’Harcourt. m ([after 25 Jun 1215]) MATHILDE de Taisson, daughter of RAOUL Taisson & his wife Mathilde de La Lande-Patri (-after 28 Apr 1242). Delisle records that Mathilde’s husband Richard d’Harcourt, under the inheritance of her father, succeeded him “dans la baronnie de Saint-Sauveur”[961]. A judgment dated “in media quadregisima” ([3] Mar) 1213 [misdated? see above] records that “Guillelmus Paganelli” had been seised of land “que fuit domini Radulfi Tesson sicut antenatus”, and that later the land was divided in three parts to be shared between “ultimo natus...primo natus...secundo natus”, providing for if “dominus Fulco Paganelli aliquid ceperit in portionibus postantorum suorum...”[962]. That judgment is further explained (cryptically) by a record of the Echiquier de Normandie dated 1217 stating that “dominus Robertus Bertran et dominus Ricardus de Harecort” did not respond to “Willelmum Paganelli, qui est infra etatem” relating to “portionibus terre Radulfi Taisson defuncti”, a judgment dated 1220 that “Ricardus de Harecort” was seised of “Buschervilla...in loto suo de portionibus que facte fuerunt de terra Radulfi Taisson...”, displacing Guillaume Paynell, and a claim dated 1248 [misdated?] by “Willelmus Paganelli” against “Robertum Bertran et...dominum de Haircort”[963]. A document dated 27 Jul 1381 in litigation in the Paris parliament records that the third of the three daughters of "Raoul Tesson sire de la Roche Tesson, de Tuit, Tury, Fontenay le Marmion" was married "à J. d’Harcourt"[964]. Her descendants, in the male line until 1356, are discussed by Delisle[965]. Richard & his wife had three children:

a) JEAN [I] ([1220]-5 Nov 1288, bur Notre-Dame du Parc). The 17th century manuscript history of the Harcourt family by Jean le Feron records that “Jean de Harcourt aisné fils de Richard de Harecourt...appellé le Preudhomme de Harecourt” was born “environ” 1220[966]. Seigneur d’Harcourt. “Ioannes Haricuria dominus et Aelis eius uxor” founded “prioratum Beatæ Mariæ de Parco ordinis Augustiniani Ebroicensis diocesis” by charter dated 1257[967]. A chronicler at Evesham recorded in 1260 that land of "Johannes de Harecourt Normannus" at "Hilmedun" had been confiscated and that it was granted to "Domino Johanni filio Richardi de Harecourt Normanni"[968]. The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) records the death 5 Nov 1288 of “Ioannes dominus Harcuriæ octogenarius vel nonegenarius” and his burial “in monasterio Parci” which he had founded with his wife[969]. m (before 1240) ALIX de Beaumont, daughter of JEAN de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais Seigneur de Villemomble & his first wife --- (-4 Oct 1275, bur Notre-Dame du Parc). “Ioannes Haricuria dominus et Aelis eius uxor” founded “prioratum Beatæ Mariæ de Parco ordinis Augustiniani Ebroicensis diocesis” by charter dated 1257[970]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been identified. The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) records the death 5 Nov 1288 of “Ioannes dominus Harcuriæ octogenarius vel nonegenarius” and his burial “in monasterio Parci”, founded with his wife, and the death 4 Oct 1275 of “Æliam uxor sua” and her burial there[971]. Jean [I] & his wife had children:

i) RICHARD (-1269). The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “Richardum qui iuvenis obit, Ioannem qui patri successit, Robertum Constantiensem episcopum...Radulfum Constantiensem archidiaconum, Guidonem Lexoviensem episcopum et quinque filias” as children of “Ioannes dominus Harcuriæ octogenarius vel nonegenarius” and his wife[972]. Seigneur de Boissey-le-Châtel. m (after 1265) as her first husband, ISABELLE de Mello, daughter of DREUX de Mello Seigneur d’Epoisses et de Saint-Bris & his wife Heloise d’Espoisses. The primary source which confirms her parentage and first marriage has not been identified. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage but provides no source citation[973]. "Johannes...Bituricensis archiepiscopus, Aquitanie primus" attested that “consanguinea nostra Isabellis de Melloto” had given a sum of money to “domino Droconi de Melloto fratri suo” which “G...Autissiod. episcopus patruus suus” held in deposit, by charter dated 30 Nov 1269[974]. She married secondly (after 30 Nov 1269) Guy [VII] de Mauvoisin Seigneur de Rosny. “Isabelle de Mello dame de Boosny” [error for Rosny?] instructed the people of Saint-Cire to recognise “pour leur seigneur messire Drève de Mello seigneur de Saint-Brys son frère” by charter dated before 11 Jun 1285[975]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage more precisely has not been identified.

ii) JEAN [II] (-21 Dec 1302, bur Notre-Dame du Parc). The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “Richardum qui iuvenis obit, Ioannem qui patri successit, Robertum Constantiensem episcopum...Radulfum Constantiensem archidiaconum, Guidonem Lexoviensem episcopum et quinque filias” as children of “Ioannes dominus Harcuriæ octogenarius vel nonegenarius” and his wife[976]. Seigneur d’Harcourt.

- see below.

iii) ROBERT (-7 Mar 1315). The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “Richardum qui iuvenis obit, Ioannem qui patri successit, Robertum Constantiensem episcopum...Radulfum Constantiensem archidiaconum, Guidonem Lexoviensem episcopum et quinque filias” as children of “Ioannes dominus Harcuriæ octogenarius vel nonegenarius” and his wife[977]. Bishop of Coutances 1296.

iv) GUILLAUME (-11 Aug 1337, bur La Saussaye). Père Anselme records his parentage, noting his foundation at Saint-Martinde la Corneille in Feb 1317, and his death and burial as shown above[978]. Seigneur de la Saussaye et d’Elbœuf. m firstly ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Guillaume’s first wife has not been identified. Père Anselme names her “Jeanne de Meullent dame de Thorigny...fille de Valéran de Meullent seigneur de Neufbourg”[979], which is impossible from a chronological point of view. It has not been ascertained whether there is some element of truth in Anselme’s garbled report. m secondly [ISABELLE de Léon, daughter of HERVE de Léon Seigneur de Châteauneuf-en-Thimerais et de Senonches & his wife Mathilde de Poissy Dame de Noyon-sur--Andelle]. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage (no sources cited)[980]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified. m thirdly BLANCHE d’Avaugour, daughter of HENRI [III] d’Avaugour Baron d'Avaugour, de Mayenne et de Goello & his wife Marie de Beaumont-Brienne (-10 Dec after 1337). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage, noting that they donated property together in Mar 1312, the date of her husband’s death, and that the couple died childless (no source citations)[981]. The necrology of Maubuisson records the death "IV Id Dec" of "Madame Blanche d'Avaugour jadis femme…monsieur Guillaume d'Harcourt seigneur de la Saussaye"[982]. Guillaume & his first wife had two children:

(a) JEAN d’Harcourt (-young). Père Anselme records his parentage. adding that he died young (no sources cited)[983].

(b) ALIX d’Harcourt (-bur Prieuré du Parc). Père Anselme records her parentage and place of burial (no sources cited)[984]. Dame de la Saussaye.

v) RAOUL (-21 Sep 1307). The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “Richardum qui iuvenis obit, Ioannem qui patri successit, Robertum Constantiensem episcopum...Radulfum Constantiensem archidiaconum, Guidonem Lexoviensem episcopum et quinque filias” as children of “Ioannes dominus Harcuriæ octogenarius vel nonegenarius” and his wife[985]. Archdeacon of Coutances 1288. The necrology of Paris Notre-Dame records the death "XII Kal Jan" 1302 of "dominus Johannes dominus de Haricuria miles" and the donation of revenue made by “dominus Radulphus de Haricuria concanonicus noster ac frater et executor dicti militis” for his soul[986].

vi) GUY (-24 Apr 1336). The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “Richardum qui iuvenis obit, Ioannem qui patri successit, Robertum Constantiensem episcopum...Radulfum Constantiensem archidiaconum, Guidonem Lexoviensem episcopum et quinque filias” as children of “Ioannes dominus Harcuriæ octogenarius vel nonegenarius” and his wife[987]. Bishop of Lisieux 1307.

vii) five daughters . The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “Richardum qui iuvenis obit, Ioannem qui patri successit, Robertum Constantiensem episcopum...Radulfum Constantiensem archidiaconum, Guidonem Lexoviensem episcopum et quinque filias” as children of “Ioannes dominus Harcuriæ octogenarius vel nonegenarius” and his wife[988].

viii) [ALIX [Jeanne] d’Harcourt ([1240/60?]-). In a genealogical table, La Roque names “Alix de Harcourt, Baronne de Ferrieres” as one of the daughters of Jean [I] Seigneur d’Harcourt & Alix de Beaumont[989]. In another passage, La Roque records that “les pere et mere de Vauquelin de Ferrieres et de Blanche de Ferrieres sa sœur Dame de Beaumont le Roger” were “Jean premier baron de Ferrieres” and “une fille de cette maison de Harcourt que Jean le Feron appelle Alix et la genealogie de Ferrieres Jeanne de Harcourt, Dame de Bourgrouroude, de Vias et de Bressan, fille de Jean premier du nom Baron de Harcourt...”[990]. Blanchard also records “Alix (par aucuns nommée Jeanne) de Harcourt, fille de Jean 2...et d’Alix de Beaumont” as Jean [I]’s wife (no sources cited)[991]. The primary sources which confirm that all this information is correct have not been identified. If it is accurate, Alix/Jeanne would presumably have been born [1240/60]. m JEAN [I] Seigneur de Ferrières, son of --- (-[after [1320]]).]

b) RAOUL [I] d’Harcourt (-[21 Dec 1307]). An undated manuscript genealogy names “Raoul de Harecourt seigneur des Planches, d’Auvers, d’Avrilly et de Bray” as second son of “[le] seigneur de Harecourt et...[sa femme] la fille de messire Raoul Tesson”[992]. Seigneur d’Avrilly, d’Auvers et des Planges. La Roque (citing “Extraict des mémoires manuscrits de Monsieur du Chesne”) records the death 21 Dec 1307 of “Raoul de Harcourt frere de Jean sire de Harcourt fondateur du Parc”[993]. m --- de Vendôme, daughter of ---. An undated manuscript genealogy records that “Raoul de Harecourt seigneur des Planches, d’Auvers, d’Avrilly et de Bray”, second son of “[le] seigneur de Harecourt et...[sa femme] la fille de messire Raoul Tesson”, married “une des filles de Vendosme”[994]. The primary source which confirms her precise relationship with the Vendôme comital family has not been identified. According to Père Anselme, citing “le sieur de la Peire”, she was Agnes, daughter of “Jean Comte de Vendôme”[995]. The latter has not been identified: neither of the comtes de Vendôme in the 13th century who were named Jean appears to provide a chronological fit. Raoul & his wife had children:

i) RAOUL [II] d’Harcourt (-after 1336). La Roque cites an “Extraict des Registres de la Cour du Parlement de Paris communiqué par Messieurs de Saincte Marthe” [undated] which records “Raoul” son of “Raoul seigneur...d’Auvers”[996]. Seigneur d’Aurilly, d’Auvers et des Planges. m ALIX de Chartres, daughter of MATHIEU Vidame de Chartres, Pannetier de France & his wife Julienne ---. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage but cites no primary source on which this information is based[997]. Raoul [II] & his wife had one child:

(a) RAOUL [III] d’Harcourt (-[1357]). La Roque cites an “Extraict des Registres de la Cour du Parlement de Paris communiqué par Messieurs de Saincte Marthe” [undated] which records “Raoul” as father of “Raoul pere de ...”[998]. Seigneur d’Aurilly, d’Auvers et des Planges. m JEANNE de Trie, daughter of RENAUD de Trie Seigneur de Vaumain & his wife --- (-[before 5 Mar 1345]). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage (no sources cited)[999]. This parentage is corroborated by La Roque (citing “Extraict des mémoires manuscrits de Monsieur du Chesne”) recording that “l’Evesque de Baieux...Guillaume de Trie et Mahi de Trie chevalier mareschal de France, oncles de Jeanne de Harcourt Dame d’Aurilly” were named in Jeanne’s betrothal contract dated 1320[1000]. Jeanne presumably died before 5 Mar 1345, as there is no record of her involvement in the dispute between her two sisters and her sister-in-law. Raoul [III] & his wife had one child:

(1) JEANNE d’Harcourt (-Apr 1363). La Roque cites an “Extraict des Registres de la Cour du Parlement de Paris communiqué par Messieurs de Saincte Marthe” [undated] which records “Raoul” as father of “Raoul pere de Jeanne heritiere desdictes terres l’an 1357 femme d’Amaury de Meulent seigneur de Neufbourg” noting that the Jeanne was childless and was succeeded by “le pere du Comte de Harcourt d’apresent” in her lands[1001]. Père Anselme records her parentage, betrothal (noting that her future husband died before the marriage could be completed) and marriage, but cites no primary source on which this information is based[1002]. La Roque (citing “Extraict des mémoires manuscrits de Monsieur du Chesne”) records that “l’Evesque de Baieux...Guillaume de Trie et Mahi de Trie chevalier mareschal de France, oncles de Jeanne de Harcourt Dame d’Aurilly” were named in Jeanne’s betrothal contract dated 1320[1003]. She is named as her husband’s widow in the 6 Nov 1362 charter of his uncle Bishop Jean, cited below. Dame d’Aurilly et d’Auvers. Père Anselme records her death in 1363[1004]. Demeulant-Thauré says that the necrology of Rouen records her death in April[1005]. Betrothed (1320) to PHILIPPE de Sully Seigneur de la Chapelle et des Aix-Dam-Gilon, son of HENRI [IV] Seigneur de Sully & his wife . m (1327) AMAURY [VI] de Meulan Seigneur de Neufbourg, son of AMAURY [V] de Meulan Seigneur de la Queue & his wife Marie Dame de Cantaing (-Apr [1357/62]).

c) ROBERT (-after 1270). An undated manuscript genealogy names “Robert de Harecourt seigneur de Beaumesnil” as third son of “[le] seigneur de Harecourt et...[sa femme] la fille de messire Raoul Tesson”[1006].

- SEIGNEURS de BEAUMESNIL.

2. JEAN d’Harcourt (-Damietta 1219). La Roque gives an extract (in French translation) of a charter dated 1192 under which “Robert de Harcourt surnommé le Tort” donated property to the monastery of Notre-Dame de la Noë, with the consent of “Richard, Jean et Amaury de Harcourt ses enfants”[1007]. John King of England granted land in Rothley, Leicestershire to Jean d’Harcourt by charter dated 26 May 1203[1008]. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy", quotes (in translation) a letter dated 26 Dec 1206 from King John to Richard d’Harcourt and Jean his brother which records their intention of returning to England and the king’s promise to restore to them their English lands[1009]. Thomas Stapleton records that Jean d’Harcourt was in the service of King John in May 1215[1010]. A letter dated 15 Mar 1218 from King Henry III to Hubert de Burgh records the return of "John d’Harcourt" from Normandy to England and the king’s order to give him seisin of his land in Wellingborough[1011]. A letter dated 21 Oct 1219 from King Henry III to the Sheriff of Leicestershire ordered the transfer of land at Rothley granted by King John "to John d’Harcourt" to the Templars in accordance with the wishes of "the same John when lying at extremity in the host of Damietta" and ordered seisin of other land to be granted to Richard d’Harcourt[1012]. This order suggests that Jean died without surviving issue.

3. AMAURY d’Harcourt (-after 1192). La Roque gives an extract (in French translation) of a charter dated 1192 under which “Robert de Harcourt surnommé le Tort” donated property to the monastery of Notre-Dame de la Noë, with the consent of “Richard, Jean et Amaury de Harcourt ses enfants”[1013]. It is reasonable to suppose that Amaury was Robert’s son by his wife Eva Crispin, named after his paternal uncle. Dean of Wimborne and Mortain.

The relationship between the following small family group and the main Harcourt family has not been ascertained. The chronology suggests that Jean may have been the descendant (grandson?) of a younger son of Robert [II] Seigneur d’Harcourt.

1. JEAN d’Harcourt (-before 1 Nov 1279). He is named as deceased in the Nov 1307 document quoted below, which refers back to the 1 Nov 1279 document also quoted below, Jean’s absence from which suggests that he was already deceased at the time. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Jean’s wife has not been found. Jean & his wife had [two] children:

a) GUILLAUME d’Harcourt (-[after Nov 1307?]). The Parlement de Paris recorded that “Almauricus de Meullento, existens in ballo Regis, non obstante defectu etatis sue” sued “Guillelmum de Harecuria militem”, dated 1 Nov 1279[1014]. This record is linked to the decision of the Parlement of Paris dated Nov 1307, at the request of “Amauri de Meulan damoiseau mineur placé sous la garde du Roi”, which ordered certain assets “qui devaient revenir audit mineur de la succession de Jean d’Harcourt, biens que détenait Guillaume d’Harcourt chevalier du Roi fils dudit Jean” in the hands of the king[1015]. [m JEANNE, daughter of --- (-23 Jul ----). The necrology of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the death 23 Jul of “Johanna uxor domini Guillelmi de Harecourt”[1016]. Could this entry refer to the wife of Guillaume son of Jean?]

b) [--- d’Harcourt . The succession by her supposed son recorded in the 1 Nov 1279 and Nov 1307 documents quoted above suggests that he was a direct descendant of the deceased Jean d’Harcourt. Maybe his mother was Jean’s daughter. m (before 1260) --- de Meulan, son of --- (-before 1279).]

JEAN [II] d’Harcourt, son of JEAN [I] Seigneur d’Harcourt & his wife Alix de Beaumont (-21 Dec 1302, bur Notre-Dame du Parc). The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “Richardum qui iuvenis obit, Ioannem qui patri successit, Robertum Constantiensem episcopum...Radulfum Constantiensem archidiaconum, Guidonem Lexoviensem episcopum et quinque filias” as children of “Ioannes dominus Harcuriæ octogenarius vel nonegenarius” and his wife[1017]. Seigneur d’Harcourt. A register dated early Nov 1286 records the settlement between “Jean de Harcourt sire de Qualeuille et Mareschal de France” and “Dame Beatrix comtesse de Dreux et de Montfort” concerning revenue from Lillebonne “pour raison de nostre fame fille le viscomte et la viscomtesse de Chasteleraut fille et heir d’iceux”[1018]. "Johan saignour de Harecourt et…Johanne fame doudit Johan fille et heir…debonne memoire Johan iadis vicomte de Chatel-Heraut et saignour de Soonnays" recognised the privileges of Perseigne abbey by charter dated Mar 1291[1019]. Maréchal de France. Amiral de France. The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) records the death in 1302 of “Ioannes Haricuriæ dominus cognomento Probus le Preux” after returning sick from an expedition to Sicily with Charles Comte de Valois and his burial “apud Parcum...”[1020]. The necrology of Paris Notre-Dame records the death "XII Kal Jan" 1302 of "dominus Johannes dominus de Haricuria miles" and the donation of revenue made by “dominus Radulphus de Haricuria concanonicus noster ac frater et executor dicti militis” for his soul[1021].

[m firstly AGNES de Lorraine, daughter of FERRY III Duke of Lorraine & his wife Marguerite de Champagne Infanta de Navarra. A manuscript history “en la Bibliotheque de Monsieur Bigot conseiller en la cour des aydes à Rouen” records that “Agnes”, second daughter of “Federic fils aisné de Mathieu...Duc de Lorraine” and his wife, married “Jean de Harcourt Comte de Harcourt en Normandie”[1022]. This represents the only reference so far found to this daughter and her supposed marriage. The reliability of the source is unknown. If it is correct, the chronology of the Lorraine family suggests that Agnes would have been a young child at the time of the marriage, which suggests that, if the arrangement was made, it was a betrothal which was never confirmed by marriage.]

m [secondly] ([1276]) as her second husband, JEANNE Vicomtesse de Châtellerault Dame de Lillebonne, widow of GEOFFROY de Lusignan Seigneur de Jarnac et de Château-Larcher, daughter of JEAN Vicomte de Châtellerault & his wife Mathilde de Dammartin ([1243/47]-16 May 1315). Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that she was an adolescent at the time of her first marriage, but young enough to have had children born after [1276] by her second husband. "Johanna de Castro Ayraudi relicta Gaufridi de Lesigniaco" swore homage to Saint-Maixent for certain property by charter dated 4 Mar 1275 (O.S.?)[1023]. Her family origin and second marriage are indicated by a charter dated 20 May 1280 in which her second husband is named “Ioannes de Haricuria ratione uxoris vicecomes Castri-Airaudi”[1024]. A register dated early Nov 1286 records the settlement between “Jean de Harcourt sire de Qualeuille et Mareschal de France” and “Dame Beatrix comtesse de Dreux et de Montfort” concerning revenue from Lillebonne “pour raison de nostre fame fille le viscomte et la viscomtesse de Chasteleraut fille et heir d’iceux”[1025]. "Jean de Harcourt chevalier et Jeanne vicomtesse de Châtellerault sa femme, fille de Jean vicomte de Châtellerault" confirmed all the donations to Saint-André-en-Gouffern made by their predecessors by charter dated 1291[1026]. This document confirms that Jeanne must have been the daughter of Mathilde de Dammartin, as other donations to Saint-André-en-Gouffern which are recorded in the same source were made by the comtes de Ponthieu not by the vicomtes de Châtellerault. "Johan saignour de Harecourt et…Johanne fame doudit Johan fille et heir…debonne memoire Johan iadis vicomte de Chatel-Heraut et saignour de Soonnays" recognised the privileges of Perseigne abbey by charter dated Mar 1291[1027].

Jean [II] & his [second] wife had two children:

1. JEAN [III] (-9 Nov 1329). Seigneur d’Harcourt. "Jehans sires de Harecourt chevaliers et Aalis de Brebant notre…compaigne" renounced "tout le chastel…de Rochecorban" in favour of "Gerart conte de Julers et…Ysabiau sa fame, seur de nous Aalis" by charter dated 7 Oct 1307[1028]. A register of parliament dated 1319 records a claim by “comes Augi et uxor sua filia primogenita deffuncti Droconis de Melloto militis” against “Ioannem dominum de Haricuria militem et hæredem vicecomitissæ Castriairaudi matris suæ”[1029]. m ALIX de Brabant, daughter of GODEFROI de Brabant Heer van Aarschot, Seigneur de Vierzon & his wife Marie de Vierzon (-[27 Mar] [1340/41], bur [Mezières-en-Brenne]). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 2 Jul 1303 under which Marie Queen of France confirmed the division of property between "Marie contesse de Julliers, Ysabiau fame Girart de Julliers, Aeliz fame Jehan d’Harcourt et Blanche fame Bertaut de Maalinnes, filles et hoirs nostre…freire monseign. Godefroy de Braban jadis sires d’Arscot" and heirs of "nostre…neveu Jehan de Braban jadis seign. de Vierson", confirming that Alix would receive "Erkenne, Boussut…Waure, Ottembourc, Nettennes"[1030]. Heiress of Mezières and Vaelbeke. "Jehans sires de Harecourt chevaliers et Aalis de Brebant notre…compaigne" renounced "tout le chastel…de Rochecorban" in favour of "Gerart conte de Julers et…Ysabiau sa fame, seur de nous Aalis" by charter dated 7 Oct 1307[1031]. Philippe VI King of France confirmed the inheritance by "Isabel contesse de Juliers, suer aisnee et hoir seule…de Marie iadis sa suer dame de Virzon, de Luri" of "la baronie et chastelerie de Virzon, de Luri", instead of "Aelis dame de Harecourt et Loys de Touart" by charter dated 31 Jan 1331[1032]. She inherited Aarschot on the death of her sister Marie. Pope Benedict XII consented to the foundation of the church of Mezières-en-Brenne by "domina de Haricuria et de Mazeriis in Brena" by letter dated 1 Mar 1338[1033]. Alix’s charter dated 11 Sep 1339 records details relating to the administration of the church[1034]. According to Desplanque, Alix de Brabant died "deux jours après Notre-Dame de mars vers l’an 1340 ou 1341" (27 Mar [1340/41]), adding that the same jour "le prieur de Notz l’Abbé" said a mass for her soul "dans l’Eglise du chapitre" (presumably indicating Mezières-en-Brenne) where she was buried, but he cites no primary source on which the information is based[1035]. Jean [III] & his wife had seven children:

a) JEAN [IV] (-killed in battle Crécy 26 Aug 1346, bur Notre-Dame du Parc). Seigneur d’Harcourt. Comte d’Harcourt 1338. The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) records that “Ioannes...comes” was killed “in pugna Creciacensi” and was buried “apud Parcam”[1036]. m (contract 22 Jul 1315) ISABELLE de Parthenay, daughter of JEAN l’Archévêque Seigneur de Parthenay & his first wife Marguerite de Meslay (-[1357]). Père Anselme records her marriage contract dated 22 Jul 1315[1037]. The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) records the marriage in 1338 [which must be incorrect] of “Ioannes...comes” and “Isabellam de Partenay dominam de Vibraye”[1038]. Dame de Vibraye, de Montfort-le-Rotrou, d’Aspremont et de Bonnetable. Jean [IV] & his wife had five children:

i) JEAN [V] (-beheaded Rouen 8 Jan 1355). The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “tres filios...Ioannem, Ludovicum et Guillelmum, duas item filias Ioannam et Ælidem” as the children of “Ioannes...comes” and his wife “Isabellam de Partenay dominam de Vibraye”[1039]. Comte d’Harcourt.

- see below.

ii) LOUIS (-26 May 1388). The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “tres filios...Ioannem, Ludovicum et Guillelmum, duas item filias Ioannam et Ælidem” as the children of “Ioannes...comes” and his wife “Isabellam de Partenay dominam de Vibraye”[1040]. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that “monseigneur Charles roys de Navarre et contes d’Evreux” ordered the killing of “monseigneur Charles d’Espaigne, lors connestable de France” 8 Jan 1353 (O.S.) “en la ville de Laigle en Normandie, en une hostelerie”, specifying that “monseigneur Philippe de Navarre son frere, monseigneur Jehan conte de Harecourt, monseigneur Loys de Harecourt son frere, monseigneur Godefroy de Harecourt leur oncle” were present[1041]. Vicomte de Châtellerault. m as her third husband, JEANNE de la Tournelle Dame de Tournelle, de Raulot, de Montdesir et de Mainvilliers, widow firstly of JEAN [I] de Montmorency Seigneur de Beausault, de Breteuil, secondly of COLART [II] Seigneur d’Estouteville, daughter of ROBERT Seigneur de la Tournelle & his wife Marie de Ferrières (-27 May [before 1373], bur Valmont). Père Anselme names her as wife of Louis d’Harcourt but cites no source on which the information is based[1042]. The necrology of Valmont records the death 27 May of “dame Jehanne de la Tournelle, femme de l’ung des fils esnés d’Estouteville” (no source citation)[1043]. Louis had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

(a) JEAN d’Harcourt bâtard de Châtellerault (-after 11 Oct 1387). Seigneur de la Peyrate et de la Plante. Père Anselme notes that “le compte de Jean le Flament” records payments to him at Niort 11 Sep 1387 and at Taillebourg 11 Oct 1387[1044].

iii) GUILLAUME (-1400). The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “tres filios...Ioannem, Ludovicum et Guillelmum, duas item filias Ioannam et Ælidem” as the children of “Ioannes...comes” and his wife “Isabellam de Partenay dominam de Vibraye”[1045]. Seigneur de la Ferté-Imbault et de Montfort-le-Rotrou. m firstly BLANCHE de Bray, daughter of GUILLAUME Seigneur de Bray & his wife ---. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage but cites no source on which the information is based[1046]. Dame de Bray, de Cernon, de Barenton, et de Rouilly. m secondly (after [1373]) as her third husband, ISABELLE de Thouars Ctss de Dreux et de Benon, widow firstly of GUY de Nesle Seigneur de Mello, and secondly of INGELGER [I] "le Grand" Seigneur d'Amboise et de Chevreuse, daughter of LOUIS Vicomte de Thouars & his first wife Jeanne Ctss de Dreux. A charter dated 1394 records a dispute between “Guillelmum de Haricuria militem dominum de Ferritate-Imbaudi ad causam Ysabellis de Thoarcio eius uxoris dominæ de Ambazia et de Gamachiis“ and “comitem Augi et Ysabellim de Melduno eius uxorem ad causam ipsius uxoris” concerning the succession of “Ludovicus quondam miles vicecomes de Thoarcio et Ioanna eius uxor comitissa Drocensis...“, noting that Isabelle had married “Guidone de Nigella milite quondam marescallo Franciæ” to whom her parents had granted “terram de Bridiers” on 3 Aug 1351[1047]. m thirdly (after 1381) as her second husband, PERNELLE de Villiers Dame de Vitry-en-Brie, de la Tour de Chaumont et de Villiers-le-Sec, widow of CHARLES [I] Seigneur de Montmorency, daughter of ADAM "le Bègue" Seigneur de Villiers & his wife Alix de Méry (-[1400/15], bur Notre-Dame du Val). Père Anselme records her parentage and two marriages but cites no source on which the information is based[1048]. A document dated 1401 relates to the claim made by "Petronilla de Villaribus domina de Feritate Imbaudi relicta defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria quondam militis et domini dicti loci" against her husband’s sons-in-law and daughters (see below)[1049]. Guillaume & his first wife had three children:

(a) JEANNE d’Harcourt (-after 1416). A document dated 1401 relates to the claim made by "Petronilla de Villaribus domina de Feritate Imbaudi relicta defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria quondam militis et domini dicti loci" against “Hugonem de Montemorenciaco dominum de Bellosaltu et Ioannem dominum de Ferreriis milites, necnon Colardum de Estouteville ad causam uxorum suarum heredum dicti defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria Maria de Haricuria uxor dicti Colardi defuncta”[1050]. A document dated 1401 records the dispute between "cambellanus noster Ioannes dominus de Ferreriis miles et Margareta de Haricuria eius uxor" against “Hugonem de Montemorenciaco militem dominum de Bellosaltu et Ioannam de Haricuria eius uxorem et Colardum de Estoutevilla dominum de Torciaco et de Beina” concerning the succession of “defunctæ Mariæ de Haricuria uxoris dicti Colardi sororis uxorum dictorum militum” who had shared the succession of “defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria militis dominis de Feritate Imbaudi”[1051]. A document dated 7 Apr 1402 records the claim by "Ioannes dominus de Ferrieres miles et Margareta de Haricuria eius uxor" against “Hugonem de Montemorenciaco militem dominum de Bellosaltu et Ioannam de Haricuria eius uxorem” relating to the succession of her father[1052]. A document dated 8 Aug 1404 records "Ioanna de Haricuria vidua defuncti Hugonis de Montemorenciaco quondam domini de Bellosaltu, ballum habens liberorum suorum, et Ioannes de Bellosaltu primogenitus dictorum defuncti et Ioannæ...”[1053]. A document dated 1449 records a claim by "Robertus de Stampis iunior miles” against “Matheum dominum de Roya, ut curatorem Ioannis domini de Bellosaltu et de Feritate-Ymbaudi militis”, noting that in 1416 “defuncta Ioanna de Haricuria domina dictarum terrarum et Anthonius de Bellosaltu miles eius filius defuncto” sold revenue from la Ferté-Imbaud to “Roberto de Stampis militi patri actoris”[1054]. m HUGUES de Montmorency Seigneur de Beausault et de Breteuil, son of JEAN [II] de Montmorency Seigneur de Beausault et de Breteuil & his wife Isabelle de Nesle (-2 May 1404, bur Breteuil).

(b) MARIE d’Harcourt (-before 1401). Père Anselme records her parentage and first marriage (no sources cited)[1055]. A document dated 1401 relates to the claim made by "Petronilla de Villaribus domina de Feritate Imbaudi relicta defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria quondam militis et domini dicti loci" against “Hugonem de Montemorenciaco dominum de Bellosaltu et Ioannem dominum de Ferreriis milites, necnon Colardum de Estouteville ad causam uxorum suarum heredum dicti defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria Maria de Haricuria uxor dicti Colardi defuncta”[1056]. m firstly LOUIS de Brosse Seigneur de Sainte-Sévère et de Boussac, son of LOUIS [I] de Brosse Seigneur de Sainte-Sévère et de Boussac & his second wife Constance de la Tour (-Gennes 8 Oct 1390, bur Huriel Saint-Martin). m secondly (after 1390) as his [third] wife, COLART d’Estouteville Seigneur de Torcy, son of JEAN d’Estouteville Seigneur de Torcy et d’Estoutemont & his wife [Jeanne] [de Fiennes] (-[27 Jul 1415/1416]).

(c) MARGUERITE d’Harcourt ([1360/70?]-after 7 Apr 1402). Her birth date is estimated very approximately to test the chronology of her descendants. Le Prévost records her family origin and marriage, noting that she brought Dangu, Thuri and Préaux to her husband, and that La Chesnaye des Bois dates their marriage to 1400[1057]. That date, which seems late in light of the chronology of the Harcourt family, has not been confirmed. A document dated 1401 relates to the claim made by "Petronilla de Villaribus domina de Feritate Imbaudi relicta defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria quondam militis et domini dicti loci" against “Hugonem de Montemorenciaco dominum de Bellosaltu et Ioannem dominum de Ferreriis milites, necnon Colardum de Estouteville ad causam uxorum suarum heredum dicti defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria Maria de Haricuria uxor dicti Colardi defuncta”[1058]. A document dated 1401 records the dispute between "cambellanus noster Ioannes dominus de Ferreriis miles et Margareta de Haricuria eius uxor" against “Hugonem de Montemorenciaco militem dominum de Bellosaltu et Ioannam de Haricuria eius uxorem et Colardum de Estoutevilla dominum de Torciaco et de Beina” concerning the succession of “defunctæ Mariæ de Haricuria uxoris dicti Colardi sororis uxorum dictorum militum” who had shared the succession of “defuncti Guillelmi de Haricuria militis dominis de Feritate Imbaudi”[1059]. A document dated 7 Apr 1402 records the claim by "Ioannes dominus de Ferrieres miles et Margareta de Haricuria eius uxor" against “Hugonem de Montemorenciaco militem dominum de Bellosaltu et Ioannam de Haricuria eius uxorem” relating to the succession of her father[1060]. m JEAN [III] Seigneur de Ferrières, de Thury et de Dangu, son of GAUVAIN [Jean [II]] Seigneur de Ferrières & his wife Jeanne de Préaux (-after 7 Apr 1402).

iv) JEANNE . The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “tres filios...Ioannem, Ludovicum et Guillelmum, duas item filias Ioannam et Ælidem” as the children of “Ioannes...comes” and his wife “Isabellam de Partenay dominam de Vibraye”[1061].

v) ALIX . The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “tres filios...Ioannem, Ludovicum et Guillelmum, duas item filias Ioannam et Ælidem” as the children of “Ioannes...comes” and his wife “Isabellam de Partenay dominam de Vibraye”[1062].

vi) [MARGUERITE d’Harcourt . Père Anselme states that Marguerite was daughter of Jean [II] Seigneur d’Harcourt & his wife Jeanne Vicomtesse de Châtellerault and records her marriages, but provides no source citation[1063]. Considering the marriages of her second husband’s brothers dated 1352 and 1338, it is chronologically impossible for the wife of Raoul d’Estouteville to have been the daughter of Jean [II] d’Harcourt. If Marguerite was a member of the Harcourt family, it is possible chronologically that she was the daughter of Jean [IV]. m firstly ROBERT de Boulainvilliers Seigneur de Chepoy, son of PERCIVAL de Boulainvilliers & his wife Jeanne de Sancerre. m secondly RAOUL d’Estouteville Seigneur de Rames, son of ROBERT Seigneur d’Estouteville & his wife Marguerite dame de Hotot (-after 28 Sep 1364).]

Jean [IV] had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

vii) CATHERINE bâtarde d’Harcourt . Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage and notes her dowry “à prendre sur les terres de Bailleul et Renouart”[1064]. m NICOLAS Seigneur de Ronnes, de Chéronvillier et de Thivray, son of JACQUES Seigneur de Ronnes & his wife Marie de Graville.

b) LOUIS (-after 10 Jun 1326). Père Anselme names him as second son of Jean [III] Seigneur d’Harcourt and notes that accounts entitled “jornale thesauri” include a reference to sums paid 10 Jun 1326 “pour le palefroi et le manteau de la chevalerie et nouvelle milice de Louis de Harcourt” and a similar sum for “son frere Geofroy”[1065].

c) GODEFROI (-killed in battle near Coutances Nov 1356). The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that “monseigneur Charles roys de Navarre et contes d’Evreux” ordered the killing of “monseigneur Charles d’Espaigne, lors connestable de France” 8 Jan 1353 (O.S.) “en la ville de Laigle en Normandie, en une hostelerie”, specifying that “monseigneur Philippe de Navarre son frere, monseigneur Jehan conte de Harecourt, monseigneur Loys de Harecourt son frere, monseigneur Godefroy de Harecourt leur oncle” were present[1066]. Père Anselme records his death in battle in Nov 1356 “dans un combat prés Coûtances”, as a supporter of the English cause, but cites no source on which this information is based[1067].

d) [ISABELLE?] [Marie?] . La Roque names (in order) “Marie de Harcourt, Baronne de Claire, Isabeau de Harcourt, Vicomtesse de Beaumont, Alix de Harcourt, Dame de Chauvigny, Vicomtesse de Breosse, Blanche de Harcourt, dame de Tours” as the daughters of Jean [III] Seigneur d’Harcourt and his wife (no sources cited)[1068]. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage, naming her husband’s parents and noting that he was “veuf d’Heluuis d’Esneval” (no sources cited)[1069]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified. Some doubt about her name is infroduced by the doubt concerning the name of her younger sister [Marie/Isabelle] which is explained below, one possibility being that La Roque and Anselme reversed the names of the two sisters. Until more reliable information comes to light, this daughter is shown here as “[Isabelle?] [Marie?]”. m as his second wife, JEAN [II] Seigneur de Clère, son of JEAN [I] Seigneur de Clère & his wife Mathilde de Préaux Dame de Hugléville.

e) [MARIE?] [Isabelle?] (-before 1330). The arrêt du parlement de Paris dated 2 Apr 1365, cited under her daughter Marie (follow her husband’s hyperlink) names “Mariam de Haricuria” as her mother and first wife of Jean [II] Vicomte de Beaumont[1070]. Duchesne also names “Marie de Harcourt” as Jean’s first wife and mother of Marie (no source cited)[1071]. The primary source which confirms her precise parentage has not been identified, although it is indicated by two secondary sources. Firstly, La Roque (generally less reliable than Duchesne) names (in order) “Marie de Harcourt, Baronne de Claire, Isabeau de Harcourt, Vicomtesse de Beaumont, Alix de Harcourt, Dame de Chauvigny, Vicomtesse de Breosse, Blanche de Harcourt, dame de Tours” as the daughters of Jean [III] Seigneur d’Harcourt and his wife (no sources cited)[1072]. Secondly, Père Anselme (whose work is not error free either) records her same parentage and marriage, also naming her “Isabeau” (no sources cited)[1073]. These two sources also introduce another puzzle by naming her “Isabelle”. No primary source has been found which confirms this name, although only a single primary source has so far been found which names her “Marie” as noted above. It is interesting to note that both La Roque and Anselme record another daughter of Jean [III] d’Harcourt whom they name “Marie” (although no primary sources have yet been found which confirm the name and marriage of that daughter, see above). Maybe one solution to the puzzle is that La Roque (writing in 1662) reversed the names of the two Harcourt daughters, and that Anselme (first edition published 1674[1074]) accepted this as correct. In conclusion, it is difficult to dismiss the 2 Apr 1365 document as incorrect without further proof that it is mistaken. Nevertheless, “Isabelle” cannot be ignored completely. Until more information comes to light, Jean’s first wife is therefore shown here as “[Marie?] [Isabelle?]”. m as his first wife, JEAN [II] de Beaumont Vicomte de Beaumont, son of ROBERT de Beaumont Vicomte de Beaumont & his wife Marie de Craon (-before 21 Feb 1355).

f) ALIX . La Roque names (in order) “Marie de Harcourt, Baronne de Claire, Isabeau de Harcourt, Vicomtesse de Beaumont, Alix de Harcourt, Dame de Chauvigny, Vicomtesse de Breosse, Blanche de Harcourt, dame de Tours” as the daughters of Jean [III] Seigneur d’Harcourt and his wife (no sources cited)[1075]. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage (no sources cited)[1076]. An undated charter records that “Monsieur Jean de Harcourt Vicomte de Chastellerault” granted “le manoir d’Harcourt” to “Monsieur André de Chauvigny chevalier fils aisné de...Monsieur André de Chauvigny seigneur de châteauroux, Vicomte de Brosse et à...Dame Ælis de Harcourt femme dudit Monsieur André le jeune” on their marriage[1077]. m ANDRE Seigneur de Chauvigny et de Châteauroux, son of ANDRE de Chauvigny Baron de Châteauroux & his wife Jeanne de Brosse (-killed in battle Poitiers 18 Sep 1356).

g) BLANCHE . La Roque names (in order) “Marie de Harcourt, Baronne de Claire, Isabeau de Harcourt, Vicomtesse de Beaumont, Alix de Harcourt, Dame de Chauvigny, Vicomtesse de Breosse, Blanche de Harcourt, dame de Tours” as the daughters of Jean [III] Seigneur d’Harcourt and his wife (no sources cited)[1078]. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage, with her husband’s parents and noting that he was “frere de Gerard Quieret, chevalier, senechal d’Agenois” (no sources cited)[1079]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified. m HUGUES Quiéret Seigneur de Tours [en Vimeu], amiral de la mer, Sénéchal de Beaucaire et de Nîmes, son of ---.

2. JEANNE (-after 1346). Philippe IV King of France, by letters dated 1306, notified the marriage contract at Pontoise between “Henry d’Avaugour Sgr de Mayenne et de Goëlo” and “damoiselle Jne de Harecourt fille de...chev. Jn. de Harcourt”[1080]. “Jne de Harrecourt veuve de Mgr Henry d’Avaugour sire d’Avaugour” renounced her claims over the patronage of Notre-Dame d’Escouché by charter dated mid-Feb 1339[1081]. Letters dated 5 Aug 1400 record a dispute between “Alanum vicecomitem de Rohano dominum de Leonia” and “Ioannem de Britannia comitem Pentheuriæ et vicecomitem Lemovicensem” relating to the rights of “defunctæ Margaretæ de Alvagaro quondam aviæ suæ” in the succession of “defunctorum Henrici quondam domini de Alvagaro necnon Ioannæ de Haricuria eius uxoris patris et matris eiusdem Margaretæ et Blanchæ de Alvagaro ac Ysabellis de Alvagaro”[1082]. m (contract 1306) HENRI [IV] Baron d’Avaugour, de Goello et de Mayenne, son of HENRI [III] Baron d’Avaugour & his wife Marie de Beaumont-Brienne (-1331).

JEAN [V] d’Harcourt, son of JEAN [IV] Seigneur d’Harcourt & his wife Isabelle de Parthenay (-beheaded Rouen 8 Jan 1355). The manuscript history of the Harcourt family by “Monsieur le Prevost chanoine de Rouen” (dated?) names “tres filios...Ioannem, Ludovicum et Guillelmum, duas item filias Ioannam et Ælidem” as the children of “Ioannes...comes” and his wife “Isabellam de Partenay dominam de Vibraye”[1083]. Comte d’Harcourt. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that “monseigneur Charles roys de Navarre et contes d’Evreux” ordered the killing of “monseigneur Charles d’Espaigne, lors connestable de France” 8 Jan 1353 (O.S.) “en la ville de Laigle en Normandie, en une hostelerie”, specifying that “monseigneur Philippe de Navarre son frere, monseigneur Jehan conte de Harecourt, monseigneur Loys de Harecourt son frere, monseigneur Godefroy de Harecourt leur oncle” were present[1084].

m ([1340/41]) BLANCHE de Ponthieu Ctss d’Aumâle, daughter of JEAN de Ponthieu Comte d’Aumâle & his wife Catherine d’Artois [Capet] (-12 Apr 1387, bur Notre-Dame du Parc). She succeeded her father in 1340 as Ctss d’Aumâle, Dame de Montgomery, de Mesles-sur-Sarthe, de Gouffer, de Vigues d'Aubigny, de Noyelles-sur-Mer, de Hiermont, de Noyellette et de Pontailler. Her parentage is indicated by a charter dated 17 May 1343 which records an agreement between “Jean comte de Harcourt” and “Catherine d’Artois sa belle-mère” regarding her dower[1085]. A document relating to a lawsuit in 1344 names “dominus comes de Haricuria et de Albamarla et domina Blancha de Ponthieu eius uxor”[1086]. An undated document records the efforts, after the death of her husband, of “Madame Blanche de Ponthieu” regarding “la fausse et inique condamnation [de] Jean...Comte de Ponthieu son mary et à ses enfants, le plus aagé desquels n’avoit que treize ans” to reverse the confiscation of his assets, noting that she later died 12 Mar [error?] 1387 and was buried at Notre-Dame du Parc[1087].

Jean [V] & his wife had eight children:

1. JEAN [VI] (Harcourt 1 Dec 1342-28 Feb 1389, bur Notre-Dame du Parc). A manuscript register records the birth 1 Dec 1342 “au chasteau de Harcourt” of “Jean de Harcourt...[qui] fut Comte de Harcourt et d’Aumalle”[1088]. Comte d’Harcourt. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the death “joedi xi jour de mars”, 1387 (O.S.) from the context, of “le compte de Harecourt” who had married “l’ante du roy” by whom he had two sons[1089]. A manuscript register records the death “le dernier Feburier” 1388 [presumably O.S.] of “Jean de Harcourt sixiesme du nom et Comte de Harcourt et d’Aumalle” and his burial “au chœur du Parc sous les Cloches”[1090]. m (Château du Louvre, Paris 14 Oct 1359) CATHERINE de Bourbon, daughter of PIERRE I Duc de Bourbon [Capet] & his wife Isabelle de Valois (-Paris 7 Jun 1427, bur Priory of Notre-Dame du Parc). Ayala’s Crónica de Pedro I records that another daughter “del...Duque de Borbon”, referred to third in his list, married “el Conde de Harecourt” when recording the negotiations for the marriage of her sister Blanche in 1351[1091]. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the marriage 7 Oct 1359 of “Jehan conte de Harecourt, fil du conte de Harecourt qui avoit eu la teste couppée à Rouen” and “Katherine suer du duc de Bourbon, et fille du duc qui avoit esté mort en la bataille de Poitiers...suer aussi de la duchesse de Normandie, de la royne d’Espaigne et de la contesse de Savoy”, celebrated “au Louvre, près de Paris”[1092]. A manuscript register records the death 7 Jun 1427 of “Catherine de Bourbon” and her burial at Notre-Dame du Parc[1093]. Jean [VI] & his wife had children:

a) CHARLES (Harcourt 2 Feb 1366-1384). A manuscript register records the birth “à Harcourt le jour de la Purification” 1366 (O.S.) of “Charles de Harcourt”, son of Jean [VI] d’Harcourt and his wife Catherine de Bourbon[1094]. Père Anselme records his title and date of death but cites no sources on which the information is based[1095]. Comte d’Aumâle. If this title is correct, his paternal grandmother must have resigned her county in his favour during her lifetime (see above).

b) JEAN [VII] (Lillebonne 1370-18 Mar 1452). A manuscript register records the birth “à l’Islebonne” 1370 of “Jean de Harcourt” [son of Jean [VI] d’Harcourt and his wife Catherine de Bourbon][1096]. Comte d’Harcourt. m (contract Paris 17 Mar 1390) MARIE d’Alençon, daughter of PIERRE II Comte d'Alençon & his wife Marie Chamaillart (Château d’Essay, Orne 21 Mar 1374-Châteauneuf Cordeliers before 1418, bur Châteauneuf Cordeliers). Cagny’s Chronique d’Alençon names “l’ainsnée...Jehanne, la seconde Marie, la tierce Katherine, la quarte Margarite” as the four daughters of Pierre Comte d’Alençon and his wife, noting in a later passage that Marie was born 21 Mar 1373 “ou chastel d’Essay”, married “Jehan conte de Harcourt”, and was buried “à Chasteauleraust en l’eglise des Cordeliers” where she had died[1097]. Père Anselme notes Marie’s marriage contract dated 17 Mar 1389 (O.S.?) but provides no citation reference for the document[1098]. A manuscript register records that “Jean de Harcourt septiesme du nom” married “Marie d’Allençon” in 1389[1099]. Père Anselme notes that she died before 1418 (without citing any source on which this information is based)[1100]. Mistress (1): PHILIPPA Noelle, daughter of ---. Père Anselme names her as mother of Jean’s illegitimate son Jean but cites no sources on which the information is based[1101]. Jean [VII] & his wife had three children:

i) JEAN [VIII] (9 Apr 1397-killed in battle Verneuil 17 Aug 1424, bur la Saussaye). A manuscript register records the birth “à Harcourt” 9 Apr “avant Pasques” 1396 [presumably O.S.] of “Jean de Harcourt septiesme [error for huitiesme] du nom” [text garbled, referring to Jean [VI] as his father][1102]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records that “le dalphin de Vyane” appointed “Jehan, Monsieur ainsné filz du compte de Harcourt” as “chapitaine du chastel et de la ville” at Rouen, dated to early 1416 from the context[1103]. Comte d’Harcourt. Comte d’Aumâle et de Mortain. The Geste des Nobles names “...le comte d’Aumarle...” among those killed in battle “devant Verneuil” 17 Aug 1424[1104]. Mistress (1): MARGUERITE de Preullay Vicomtesse de Dreux, daughter of ROBERT de Preullay Seigneur de Sainte-Croix & his wife Isabelle de Gemages Vicomtesse de Dreux. Père Anselme names her as mother of Jean’s illegitimate son Louis but cites no sources on which the information is based[1105]. Le Prévost provides further information, noting that Jean [VII] Comte d’Harcourt had refused to recognise “le mariage irrégulier de [son] fils avec Marguerite de Preulai vicomtesse de Dreux et d’admettre à son héritage un fils né de cette union” but that on his deathbed he bequeathed “la baronnie de Quatremarre à son petit-fils”, to which his two daughters objected, Jean [VII] reacting by selling family assets and donating the proceeds to his grandson[1106]. Jean [VIII] had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

(a) LOUIS d’Harcourt bâtard d’Aumâle (-15 Dec 1479, bur Bayeux Cathedral). Père Anselme records his parentage and legitimation by Charles VII King of France in Apr 1441[1107]. Le Prévost records that in 1442 Louis was granted the right to bear the name “Harcourt” on condition he entered the church[1108]. Archbishop of Narbonne 1452. He bought the seigneuries de Fleury, de Morigny et de Ligny from Jeanne Crespin Dame du Bec Crespin et de Mauny[1109]. Bishop of Bayeux 1459. Patriarch of Jerusalem 1460.

ii) MARIE (Harcourt 9 Sep 1398-29 Apr 1476). A manuscript register records the birth “à Harcourt” 9 Sep 1398 of “Marie de Harcourt” daughter of “Jean de Harcourt septiesme du nom”, naming “Anthoine de Lorraine” as her husband[1110]. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage (citing no source on which the information is based) and her testament dated 12 Nov 1474[1111]. Ctss d’Aumâle. m (12 Aug 1416) ANTOINE de Lorraine Comte de Vaudémont, Baron de Joinville, son of FERRY de Lorraine Comte de Vaudémont & his wife Marguerite de Joinville ([1394/95]-22 Mar 1458, bur Vaudémont).

iii) JEANNE (Châtellerault 11 Sep 1399-3 Mar 1456, bur Ancenis Cordeliers). A manuscript register records the birth “à Chastellerault” 11 Sep 1399 of “Marie de Harcourt” daughter of “Jean de Harcourt septiesme du nom”[1112]. Père Anselme records her parentage and two marriages but cites no sources on which the information is based[1113]. Ctss d’Harcourt. m firstly (1414) as his second wife, JEAN [III] Seigneur de Rieux et de Rochefort, Baron d’Ancenis, son of JEAN [II] Seigneur de Rieux, Maréchal de France & his wife Jeanne de Rochefort Baronne d’Ancenis (-8 Jan 1431). m secondly (13 Nov 1434) as his second wife, BERTRAND de Dinan Baron de Châteaubriand, Maréchal de Bretagne, son of CHARLES de Dinan Seigneur de Montafilant & his third wife Jeanne de Beaumanoir.

Jean [VII] had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

iv) JEAN bâtard d’Harcourt (-after 1481). Père Anselme records his parentage, act of legitimation in Sep 1470, and testament (undated)[1114]. Seigneur de Gironde 1475. Sénéchal du Maine 1481.

Jean [VII] had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

v) LOUIS dit Loyset d’Harcourt (-after 1454). Père Anselme records his parentage and notes his mention in documents dated 6 Feb 1443, 1447 and 1454[1115]. m (12 Sep 1444) CLAUDINE du Plessis, daughter of ---. Père Anselme records her marriage but cites no primary source on which the information is based[1116].

vi) MARIE bâtarde d’Harcourt . Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage “suivant les memoires manuscrits de M. du Chesne”[1117]. m LOUIS de Tournebu Seigneur de la Londe, son of ---.

vii) JEANNE bâtarde d’Harcourt . Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage “suivant des memoires” (unspecified)[1118]. m FOULQUES de Saquainville Seigneur de Blaru, son of ---.

c) ISABELLE (Lillebonne 13 Jun 1371-16 Apr 1443). A manuscript register records the birth “[à] Lislebonne” 23 Jun 1371 of “Isabeau de Harcourt” [daughter of Jean [VI] d’Harcourt and his wife Catherine de Bourbon] who married “Imbert de Thoure seigneur de Villars” and who “vesquit iusques en l’an 1416”[1119]. Her marriage and family origin are confirmed by the charter dated 8 Nov 1394 under which [her husband] "Humbert sire de Villars" granted “la terre du Châtelard en Bresse et le château de Boys” by way of additional dower to “Isabelle d’Harcourt sa femme”[1120]. Dame d’Annonay: Charles VI King of France confirmed "[le] château d’Annonay" to “la dame de Villars” and the waiver of sums due under an agreement between Jean II King of France and “Aymar de Roussillon jadis seigneur d’Annonay”, mentioning “Alice fille d’Aymar de Roussillon et femme d’Humbert seigneur de Villars”, by charter dated 29 Apr 1411[1121]. It is clear from the following document that the unnamed “dame de Villars” was Isabelle Harcourt: Charles VI King of France, at the request of "consanguinea nostra Ysabellis de Haricuris domina de Villariis, Rossilhonis et Annoniaci", consented to the magistrate with jurisdiction “locus Annoniaci baroniam” to be titled “baillivu[s]” instead of “bajul[us]” by charter dated 10 Mar 1417 (N.S.)[1122]. Arrangements were made by "la dame de Villars" (unnamed) with “le duc de Bourbon et ses enfants” for the transfer of “la seigneurie d’Annonay”, dated to [1415][1123]. The testament of "Isabelle d’Harcourt veuve de Humbert seigneur de Thoire et de Villars, dame de Roussillon, de Riverie et du Bois", dated 20 Nov 1441, appointed “Charles duc de Bourbonnais” as her heir[1124]. m (11 Oct 1383) as his third wife, HUMBERT [VI] Seigneur de Thoire et Villars, son of HUMBERT [V] Seigneur de Thoire et Villars & his second wife Béatrix de Chalon [Bourgogne-Comté] ([1342/43]-Trévoux 24 Jul 1423).

d) JEANNE (Harcourt 23 Jun 1372-before 4 Oct 1373). A manuscript register records the birth “à Harcourt...vigile de S. Jean Baptiste” 1372 of “Jeanne de Harcourt” [daughter of Jean [VI] d’Harcourt and his wife Catherine de Bourbon] and “à Harcourt le jour S. François” 1373 of “autre Jeanne de Harcourt”[1125]. Jeanne must have died before the birth of her younger sister who was given the same name.

e) JEANNE (Harcourt 4 Oct 1373-16 Apr 1443). A manuscript register records the birth “à Harcourt...vigile de S. Jean Baptiste” 1372 of “Jeanne de Harcourt” [daughter of Jean [VI] d’Harcourt and his wife Catherine de Bourbon] and “à Harcourt le jour S. François” 1373 of “autre Jeanne de Harcourt”[1126]. The church of Namur Saint-Pierre acknowledged receipt of a bequest of jewels and relics made by "nostre…seigneur…Guillaumez de Flandres…ou tamps de sa vie conte de Namur, seigneur de Béthune, de Bailloel et de Petenghien en Flandres" from "madame Johanne de Harrecourt contesse et dame desdis lieux sa femme" by charter dated 6 Feb 1418[1127]. Dame de Montaigle et de Béthune. m (1393) as his second wife, GUILLAUME II Comte de Namur, son of GUILLAUME I "le Riche" Comte de Namur & his second wife Catherine de Savoie (22 Jan 1355-10 Jan 1418).

f) CATHERINE (Harcourt 1376-). A manuscript register records the birth “à Harcourt” 1376 of “Catherine de Harcourt...religieuse à Poissy” [daughter of Jean [VI] d’Harcourt and his wife Catherine de Bourbon][1128]. Catherine presumably died young as no later reference to her has been found.

g) MARGUERITE (Harcourt 11 Apr 1377-). A manuscript register records the birth “à Harcourt” 11 Apr 1377 of “Marguerite de Harcourt” [daughter of Jean [VI] d’Harcourt and his wife Catherine de Bourbon][1129]. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage but cites no source on which the information is based[1130]. Morandière dates the marriage to before the 28 Sep 1396 charter in which the king called her husband “notre...cousin Jehan sg. d’Estouteville chevalier”, the family connection being through Marguerite[1131]. Dame de Longueville et de Plaines. m (before Sep 1396) JEAN [II] Seigneur d’Estouteville, d’Hotot et de Valmont, son of ROBERT [IX] Seigneur d’Estouteville & his wife Marguerite de Montmorency ([1377]-[1436]).

h) MARIE (La Saussaye 24 Feb 1380-after 1427, bur Nideggen). A manuscript register records the birth “à la Saussaye le jour S. Mathieu Apostre” 1379 [presumably O.S.] of “Marie de Harcourt” [daughter of Jean [VI] d’Harcourt and his wife Catherine de Bourbon][1132]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the marriage, in May 1405 from the context, of “le duc de Guelles” and “l’ainsnée fille du compte de Harcourt”[1133]. m firstly (5 May 1405) REINALD Duke of Gelre, son of WILHELM Duke of Jülich & his wife Maria van Gelre ([1365]-Terlet near Arnhem 25 Jun 1423, bur Monnikhizen). m secondly (Köln 24 Feb 1426, Papal dispensation 8 Nov 1426) RUPRECHT von Jülich, son of ADOLF Duke of Berg and Jülich & his wife Yolande de Bar (-12 Aug 1431).

i) LOUIS (24 Dec 1382-beore 19 Nov 1422, bur Châtellerault Cordeliers). A manuscript register records the birth “à Harcourt la nuict de Noël” 1382 of “Louis de Harcourt...fut Archevesque l’an 1408” [son of Jean [VI] d’Harcourt and his wife Catherine de Bourbon][1134]. Pierre Cochon’s Chronique Normande records the death “joedi xi jour de mars”, 1387 (O.S.) from the context, of “le compte de Harecourt” who had married “l’ante du roy” by whom he had two sons[1135]. It is assumed that the second son to whom this entry refers was Louis, as his older brother Charles was already deceased at the time. Vicomte de Châtellerault. Archbishop of Rouen 1407. Gallia Christiana records his death in 1422, the see being declared vacant “XIII Kal Dec” in that year[1136]. Mistress (1): CATHERINE d’Ablevoye, daughter of ---. Père Anselme names “Catherine d’Ablevoye, fille libre” as the mother of Louis’s illegitimage son but cites no sources on which the information is based[1137]. Louis had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

i) LOUIS d’Harcourt bâtard de Châtellerault (-after 1 Jul 1444). Père Anselme records his parentage and act of legitimation at Montils-lez-Tours 1 Jul 1444 by Charles VII King of France[1138].

2. JACQUES [I] (23 Apr 1344-22 Apr 1405, bur Mons Val-des-Ecoliers). A manuscript register records the birth “à Cailleuille Feste Sainct Georges l’année apres” [i.e. after the birth of his older brother Jean in Dec 1342 which, taking into account the O.S./N.S. difference, must mean 1344] of “Jacques de Harcourt” who received “Mesieres et l’Isle-Sauate” under the partition dated 3 Jun 1371 and “Montgommery” 30 Dec 1376[1139]. Baron de Montgommery et d’Havré. m (dispensation 15 Feb 1385) as her third husband, JEANNE d’Enghien, widow firstly of JACQUES [III] de Werchin, and secondly of COLART d’Auxy, daughter of [GERARD [II] d'Enghien Châtelain de Mons Seigneur de Havré & his wife Jeanne de Barbançon] (-12 May 1425, bur Mons Val-des-Ecoliers). Père Anselme records her parentage and two marriages but cites no sources on which the information is based[1140]. An epitaph at Mons Val-des.Ecoliers records the burial of “Iehanne d’Enghien jadis femme a...Iacques de Harcourt Comte de Montgommery” who died 12 May 1415 [error for 1425][1141]. Mistress (1): JEANNE de Mons, daughter of ---. She is named in the testament of “Philippes de Harcourt”, dated 13 Oct 1414, which bequeathed property to “...Jehannon de Harcourt la bastarde qui est à l’abbaye d’Espargne qui fut fille Jeanne de Mons et au batard fils de la femme qui fut Colin Boisel”[1142]. Mistress (2): ---, wife of COLIN Boisel, daughter of ---. She is named in the testament of “Philippes de Harcourt”, dated 13 Oct 1414, which bequeathed property to “...Jehannon de Harcourt la bastarde qui est à l’abbaye d’Espargne qui fut fille Jeanne de Mons et au batard fils de la femme qui fut Colin Boisel”[1143]. Jacques [I] & his wife had children:

a) PHILIPPE (-13 Oct 1414). Baron de Montgommery. The testament of “Philippes de Harcourt”, dated 13 Oct 1414, bequeathed property to “Jean et Christophle de Harcourt mes freres...ma sœur de Creseques...ma sœur de Diqueume...Jehannon de Harcourt la bastarde qui est à l’abbaye d’Espargne qui fut fille Jeanne de Mons et au batard fils de la femme qui fut Colin Boisel”[1144]. m as her first husband, JEANNE d’Ailly, daughter of BAUDOUIN d’Ailly Vidame d’Amiens & his wife Jeanne de Raigneval. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage but cites no sources on which the information is based[1145]. She married secondly as his first wife, Corneille de Gavre Seigneur de Lens. Duchesne records her second marriage (no source cited)[1146], which has not been verified.

b) JACQUES [II] (-killed Parthenay 1428). Baron de Montgommery. The Chronique de la Pucelle records the death in 1428 of “messire Jacques de Harcourt...neveu du seigneur de Parthenay” attacking “le château de Parthenay”[1147]. m firstly as her second husband, LEONORE Jumelles Dame de Cresèques, widow of ROBERT Seigneur de Cresèques, daughter of --- (-after 16 Jul 1410). Père Anselme records her family origin and two marriages (no sources cited), and her testament dated 16 Jul 1410[1148]. m secondly (Noyelle-sur-Mer 1417) MARGUERITE de Melun Vicomtesse de Melun Ctss de Tancarville, daughter of GUILLAUME [IV] Vicomte de Melun Comte de Tancarville & his wife Jeanne de Parthenay (-1448 or before). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage but cites no source on which the information is based[1149]. Jacques [II] & his second wife had two children:

i) MARIE (-Chousay-sur-Loire 1 Sep 1464, bur Notre Dame de Cléry). Père Anselme records her marriage contract dated 6 Oct 1436[1150]. Dame de Baugency. Her place of burial is confirmed by her husband’s 29 Sep 1468 testament which requested burial “en l’Esglize de Nostre Dame de Cléry” next to “[le] corps...[de] Marye de Harcourt, ma bonne seur et compaigne”[1151]. . m (contract 6 Oct 1436, 16 Nov 1439) as his second wife, JEAN bâtard d’Orléans Comte de Dunois, illegitimate son of LOUIS de France Duc d’Orléans & his mistress Marie d’Enghien (Paris 23 Nov 1402-L'Haye 24 Nov 1468, bur Notre Dame de Cléry). Comte de Longueville 1443.

ii) GUILLAUME (-27 Oct 1484). Baron de Montgommery. Comte de Tancarville. Vicomte de Melun. Vicomte de Gournay 1461. m firstly (before 1443) PERRONELLE d’Amboise, daughter of LOUIS Seigneur d’Amboise Vicomte de Thouars & his first wife Marie de Rieux (-28 Jul 1453). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage but cites no source on which the information is based[1152]. Dame d’Amboise et de Montaignard. m secondly (contract Rhedon 14 Jul 1454) as her second husband, YOLANDE de Laval, widow of ALAIN de Rohan Comte de Porhoët, daughter of GUY [XIV] Comte de Laval & his wife --- (-8 Nov 1487). Père Anselme records her parentage and first marriage (no sources cited) and the contract for her second marriage dated 14 Jul 1454[1153]. Guillaume & his second wife had two children:

(a) MARGUERITE (-before May 1488). m as his first wife, RENE Duc d'Alençon, son of JEAN II “le Bon” Duc d’Alençon & his second wife Marie d'Armagnac ([1439]-Château d’Alençon 1 Nov 1492, bur Alençon, église de Notre-Dame).

(b) JEANNE (-8 Nov 1488, bur Notre-Dame de Montreuil-Bellay). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage contract dated 20 Jun 1471, noting that her husband left her because she was “petite, bossue et incapable d’avoir des enfants, suivant Richard de Wassebourg”[1154]. Ctss de Tancarville 1484. Dame de Montreuil-Bellay et de Parthenay. Père Anselme records her testament dated 7 Nov 1488 appointing her cousin François d’Orléans Comte de Dunois et de Longueville as her heir[1155]. m (contract 20 Jun 1471, 9 Sep 1471, divorced 1475) as his first wife, RENE Comte de Vaudémont, son of FERRY Comte de Vaudémont & his wife Yolande d’Anjou (Angers 2 May 1451-10 Dec 1508, bur Nancy, église des Franciscains). He succeeded 11 Aug 1473 as RENE II Duke of Lorraine.

c) JEAN . The testament of “Philippes de Harcourt”, dated 13 Oct 1414, bequeathed property to “Jean et Christophle de Harcourt mes freres...ma sœur de Creseques...ma sœur de Diqueume...Jehannon de Harcourt la bastarde qui est à l’abbaye d’Espargne qui fut fille Jeanne de Mons et au batard fils de la femme qui fut Colin Boisel”[1156].

d) CHRISTOPHE . The testament of “Philippes de Harcourt”, dated 13 Oct 1414, bequeathed property to “Jean et Christophle de Harcourt mes freres...ma sœur de Creseques...ma sœur de Diqueume...Jehannon de Harcourt la bastarde qui est à l’abbaye d’Espargne qui fut fille Jeanne de Mons et au batard fils de la femme qui fut Colin Boisel”[1157].

e) daughter . The testament of “Philippes de Harcourt”, dated 13 Oct 1414, bequeathed property to “Jean et Christophle de Harcourt mes freres...ma sœur de Creseques...ma sœur de Diqueume...Jehannon de Harcourt la bastarde qui est à l’abbaye d’Espargne qui fut fille Jeanne de Mons et au batard fils de la femme qui fut Colin Boisel”[1158]. m --- de Creseques, son of ---.

f) daughter . The testament of “Philippes de Harcourt”, dated 13 Oct 1414, bequeathed property to “Jean et Christophle de Harcourt mes freres...ma sœur de Creseques...ma sœur de Diqueume...Jehannon de Harcourt la bastarde qui est à l’abbaye d’Espargne qui fut fille Jeanne de Mons et au batard fils de la femme qui fut Colin Boisel”[1159]. m --- de Dixmude, son of ---.

Jacques [I] had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

g) JEANNE bâtarde d’Harcourt . Nun at Espargne. The testament of “Philippes de Harcourt”, dated 13 Oct 1414, bequeathed property to “...Jehannon de Harcourt la bastarde qui est à l’abbaye d’Espargne qui fut fille Jeanne de Mons et au batard fils de la femme qui fut Colin Boisel”[1160]. The most likely explanation of these two bequests is that the beneficiaries were the illegitimate siblings of the testator.

Jacques [I] had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

h) --- bâtard d’Harcourt . The testament of “Philippes de Harcourt”, dated 13 Oct 1414, bequeathed property to “...Jehannon de Harcourt la bastarde qui est à l’abbaye d’Espargne qui fut fille Jeanne de Mons et au batard fils de la femme qui fut Colin Boisel”[1161]. The most likely explanation of these two bequests is that the beneficiaries were the illegitimate siblings of the testator.

3. PHILIPPE (Harcourt 6 Feb 1346-after 19 Nov 1410). A manuscript register records the birth “au chasteau de Harcourt” 6 Feb 1345 (O.S.) of “Philippes et Robert de Harcourt...d’une ventrée”, adding that Philippe received “Bonnestable et Montcolon” under the partition dated 2 Oct 1374[1162]. Seigneur de Bonnestable et de Montcolan. A charter dated 24 Oct 1384 records the settlement of a dispute between Silly and “Philippe de Harcourt chevalier seigneur de Bonnétable, Ecouché...sa femme Jehanne de Tilly” concerning revenue from “la prévôté d’Ecouché”[1163]. A document dated 15 Sep 1402 requested the presence at Argentan of “Philippe de Harcourt chevalier comme usufruitier du domaine d’Ecouché, ainsi que ses enfants, héritiers de mme Jehanne de Tilly jadis fame dudit chevalier” concerning revenue from “la prévôté d’Ecouché” following a judgment in the dispute with Silly[1164]. m (before 1382) JEANNE de Tilly, daughter of GUILLAUME [V] Seigneur de Tilly & his wife Guillemette de Tournebu (-before 1402). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage “avant l’an 1382”, noting that she was “dame et héritière de Beaufou, de Beuvron, de Tilly, de la Motte-Cesny, fille unique de Guillaume de Tilly seigneur des mêmes lieux et de Guillemette de Tournebu”[1165]. A charter dated 24 Oct 1384 records the settlement of a dispute between Silly and “Philippe de Harcourt chevalier seigneur de Bonnétable, Ecouché...sa femme Jehanne de Tilly” concerning revenue from “la prévôté d’Ecouché”[1166]. Jeanne was recorded as deceased in the 15 Sep 1402 document which names her husband and children as her heirs (quoted above). Philippe & his wife had children:

a) GERARD d’Harcourt (-killed in battle Verneuil 17 Aug 1424). Baron de Bonnestable.

- SEIGNEURS de BONNESTABLE[1167].

b) JEANNE d’Harcourt . Père Anselme records her parentage and two marriages[1168]. m firstly (1400) GUILLAUME de Braquemont Seigneur de Campremy, son of GUILLAUME de Braquemont Seigneur de Sedan & his wife Marie de Campremy (-after 1414). m secondly GUILLAUME Seigneur de Trousseauville, son of ---.

4. ROBERT (Harcourt 6 Feb 1346-). A manuscript register records the birth “au chasteau de Harcourt” 6 Feb 1345 (O.S.) of “Philippes et Robert de Harcourt...d’une ventrée”[1169].

5. CHARLES (Aumâle 18 Mar 1352-). A manuscript register records the birth “à Aumalle” 18 Mar 1351 (O.S.) of “Charles de Harcourt”[1170].

6. FERDINAND (Aumâle 22 May 1353-). A manuscript register records the birth “à Aumalle” 22 May 1353 of “Ferrand de Harcourt”[1171].

7. LOUIS (Cailleville 25 Oct 1354-). A manuscript register records the birth “à Cailleuille environ minuit” 25 Oct 1354 of “Louis de Harcourt”[1172].

8. JEANNE (La Saussaye 27 Sep 1358-1413 or after). A manuscript register records the birth “à la Saussaye” 27 Sep 1358 of “Jeanne de Harcourt”[1173]. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage but cites no source on which the information is based[1174]. "Blanche comtesse de Harcourt [...comtesse d’Aumâle et dame de Noyelle sur la mer] et Jean Comte de Harcourt beau frere du Roy Charles V son filz" agreed, with the consent of “Jaques et Philippe de Harcourt freres germains dudit comte...Raoul de Coucy, qui avoit espousé la fille de ladite comtesse”, not to sell certain lands by charter dated 16 Jan 1379[1175]. A charter dated Dec 1389 records payments made by "Raoul de Coucy chevalier Seigneur de Montmirail en Brie" from revenue “luy...escheuë par le decés de sa seur Marie de Coucy Dame de Rommeny et de Chamigny”, naming “Jeanne de Harcourt dame de Montmirail, femme dudit Raoul”[1176]. A charter dated 1413 names "Madame Jeanne de Harcourt et Messire Guillaume de Coucy chevalier son fils" and “Messire J. de Raineval chevalier fils et heritier de Madame Ysabel de Coucy sa mère n’aguere trespassée”[1177]. m (before 24 Mar 1366) RAOUL de Coucy Seigneur de Montmirail, son of GUILLAUME de Coucy Seigneur de Coucy et de Marle [Guines] & his wife Isabelle de Châtillon-Saint-Pol (-[Dec 1389/1392]).

E. HARCOURT, SEIGNEURS de BEAUMESNIL

ROBERT [I] d’Harcourt, son of RICHARD Seigneur d’Harcourt & his wife Mathilde de Taisson (-after 1270). An undated manuscript genealogy names “Robert de Harecourt seigneur de Beaumesnil” as third son of “[le] seigneur de Harecourt et...[sa femme] la fille de messire Raoul Tesson”[1178]. La Roque (citing “Extraict des memoires manuscrits de Monsieur du Chesne”) records “Robert de Harcourt seigneur de Beaumesnil” as brother of “Jean seigneur de Harcourt qui espousa Alix de Beaumont”[1179]. Seigneur de Beaumesnil. Père Anselme records that Robert pleaded in 1270 against Pierre Comte d’Alençon and Amaury de Meulan Baron de la Queue (no primary source reference cited)[1180].

m JEANNE de Saint-Célerin, daughter of ---. An undated manuscript genealogy records that “Robert de Harecourt seigneur de Beaumesnil”, third son of “[le] seigneur de Harecourt et...[sa femme] la fille de messire Raoul Tesson”, married “Jeanne de S. Celerin”[1181].

Robert [I] & his wife had [four] children:

1. ROBERT [II] d’Harcourt (-7 Mar 1315, bur Paris Notre-Dame). La Roque (citing “Extraict des memoires manuscrits de Monsieur du Chesne”) records “Robert de Harcourt seigneur de Beaumesnil” as brother of “Jean seigneur de Harcourt qui espousa Alix de Beaumont”[1182]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Seigneur de Beaumesnil. m JEANNE Dame de Villequier, daughter of ---. Père Anselme names her as the wife of Robert [II][1183]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. Robert [II] & his wife had children:

a) ROBERT [III] d’Harcourt (-after 1346). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Seigneur de Beaumesnil. m JEANNE de Prunelay dame de Bullon, daughter of GUY de Prunelay Seigneur d’Herbaut et de la Porte & his wife Marguerite de Macherainville. La Roque (citing “Extraict des memoires manuscrits de Monsieur du Chesne”) notes “lettres soubs le seem de la Prevosté de Paris” dated Apr 1372 which record “Robert de Harcourt chevalier sire de Beaumesnil fils de feu...Robert de Harcourt iadis chevalier et de feuë...Jeanne de Prunellay sa femme” and in the name of “Jean Prunellay chevalier seigneur de Herbaut fils de feu...Guy Prunellay iadis chevalier” disputing the succession of Jeanne de Prunelay[1184]. Père Anselme names her as the wife of Robert [III][1185]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. Robert [III] & his wife had one child:

i) ROBERT [IV] d’Harcourt (-after Jul 1375). Seigneur de Beaumesnil. La Roque (citing “Extraict des memoires manuscrits de Monsieur du Chesne”) notes “lettres soubs le seem de la Prevosté de Paris” dated Apr 1372 which record “Robert de Harcourt chevalier sire de Beaumesnil fils de feu...Robert de Harcourt iadis chevalier et de feuë...Jeanne de Prunellay sa femme” and in the name of “Jean Prunellay chevalier seigneur de Herbaut fils de feu...Guy Prunellay iadis chevalier” disputing the succession of Jeanne de Prunelay[1186]. Père Anselme cites sources dated 6 Feb 1369, 1 Feb 1371 and 1 Jul 1375 in which he is named[1187]. La Roque cites a document dated 1403 which records “Huet de Beuville escuier soubs-aagé, aiant le droict de Messire Richard [Robert] de Harcourt lorsqu’il vivoit seigneur de Beausmenil et de dame Beatrix sa fille dame de Rosny et de dame Marie Painel veufve de messire Guillaume de Tournebu chevalier seigneur de Marbeuf”, presumably referring to Robert [IV][1188]. m firstly ---. This first marriage is indicated by the estimated birth date of Robert [IV]’s daughter Marie, compared with the birth date of his known wife Marguerite Mauvoisin. It is confirmed by Marie’s descendants not inheriting Rosny, which Robert [V] d’Harcourt had inherited from his maternal family and which then passed to his younger sister Beatrix, and thereafter to another maternal relation. The identity of Robert [IV]’s first wife has been the subject of some debate. Père Anselme names Marguerite de Marigny, daughter of Louis de Marigny & his wife Roberte de Beaumetz as this wife, citing “A. du Chesne” (without any precise citation reference)[1189]. However, Anselme records “Marguerite Mauvoisin...fille de Guy Mauvoisin seigneur de Rosny...et de Roberte de Baumés chastelaine de Bapaume” as Robert’s second wife which, if he was correct about the first marriage, would mean that she was his deceased first wife’s half-sister. A Papal dispensation for such a second marriage would presumably have been difficult to obtain. In addition, no indication has been found of the descendants of Robert [IV]’s first wife inheriting part of the Beaumetz properties from Roberte de Beaumetz, wife of Louis de Marigny. La Roque also discusses the question[1190], although his work is not consistently reliable as noted elsewhere in the present set of documents. Until a primary source comes to light, it is suggested that Marguerite’s supposed parentage and marriage should be treated with caution and the identity of this first wife considered as unknown. m secondly ([after 1345]) MARGUERITE Mauvoisin, daughter of GUY [IX] Mauvoisin Seigneur de Rosny & his wife Roberte de Beaumetz ([1332/35]-). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage[1191]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified, although it is indicated by her son’s inheritance of Rosny from his maternal aunt Beatrix Mauvoisin (see below). Her birth date is estimated from her parents’ marriage in [1328] and on the assumption that Marguerite was their third child. Robert [IV] & his first wife had one child:

(a) MARIE d’Harcourt ([before 1340]-). Père Anselme notes that she was the older daughter of Robert [IV] by his second wife and was heiress of Beaumesnil[1192]. For the reasons stated above, it is likely that Marie was born from an earlier marriage of her father’s. Her birth date is estimated from her daughter’s estimated birth date and is consistent with her being the daughter of her father’s first wife. Père Anselme states that Marie married “Guillaume Painel seigneur de Milly et de Concressaut, fils d’Olivier Paynel chevalier & d’Isabelle de Meullent dame de Milly”[1193]. This passage is garbled. Isabelle de Meulan, heiress of Milly, married Guillaume Paynell, son of Nicolas Paynell, the couple being named together in documents dated between 13 Dec 1348 and 20 Dec 1351 (see the document NORMANDY NOBILITY-AVRANCHES, BAYEUX, COTENTIN). Isabelle married two further husbands after Guillaume, meaning that Marie d’Harcourt could not have been his second wife (unless his marriage to Isabelle terminated by divorce or annulment, of which no other indication has been found). The chronology dictates that the husband of Marie d’Harcourt could not have been the son of Isabelle de Meulan, whose birth is dated to after 1320. m GUILLAUME Payneil [Seigneur de Fumechon], son of ---.

Robert [IV] & his second wife had three children:

(b) ROBERT [V] d’Harcourt (-killed in battle [Carthage 1390 or Nikopolis Sep 1396]). La Roque records “Messire Robert de Beaumesnil en la garde du Roy de Navarre“ in 1380[1194]. Seigneur de Beaumesnil. Père Anselme records that, after the death of [his maternal aunt] Beatrix Mauvoisin, Robert claimed Rosny at the Paris parlement[1195]. Seigneur de Rosny: Anselme does not record the result of this lawsuit, but Thomas states that Robert [V] succeeded his aunt and her husband Jean [III] Seigneur de La Ferté-Fresnel in Rosny, which later passed to Robert’s younger sister Beatrix[1196]. La Roque names Robert among those killed at Nikopolis in 1396[1197]. Père Anselme also records his death at Nikopolis[1198]. On the other hand, Europäische Stammtafeln records that Robert [V] was killed “vor Karthage 1390”[1199]. m as her first husband, BLANCHE de Montmorency, daughter of HUGUES de Montmorency Seigneur de Beausault et de Breteuil & his wife Jeanne d’Harcourt. Duchesne records her parentage and [first] marriage (no sources cited)[1200]. Père Anselme records her parentage, marriage, and second marriage[1201]. She married secondly Guillaume des Quesnes. La Roque cites a document dated 1 Jan 1416 (O.S.?) which recites the purchase of “la moitié de la terre de la Ferté-Imbaut” by “feuë Jeanne de Harcourt Dame de Beausaut” and names “Blanche de Montmorency…veuve [de] Guillaume des Quesnes”, and a document dated 16 Apr 1416 (O.S.) which names Blanche as daughter of Jeanne d’Harcourt Dame de Beausault et de la Ferté-Imbaut and widow of Guillaume des Quesnes (no source citations)[1202]. Robert [V] & his wife had one child:

(1) ROBERT [VI] d’Harcourt (-killed in battle Agincourt 25 Oct 1415). Seigneur de Beaumesnil. La Roque (citing “Registrum Scararii Paschæ 1397 quod fuit apud Rothomagum“) records a dispute between “Guillaume de Bures escuier du fait de messire Louis de Pommereul dit Sauvage” and “Jean le Flament procureur de messire Robert de Harcourt chevalier seigneur de Beausmesnil” relating to “le fief et terre du Homme”[1203]. La Roque cites other documents dated 1398 and 1400 which name “monsieur Robert de Harcourt chevalier seigneur de Beaumesnil“[1204]. La Roque cites a document dated 1408 which names “Messire Huë de Beuville chevalier, messire Robert de Harcourt, dame Marie Paisnel dame de Beaumesnil veufve de messire Guillaume de Tournebu chevalier”[1205]. La Roque names Robert among those killed at Azincourt[1206]. Père Anselme records his death at Agincourt “suivant Monstrelet”[1207].

(c) PIERRE d’Harcourt (-after 1394). Père Anselme records his parentage and cites a document dated 1394 in which he is named[1208].

(d) BEATRIX d’Harcourt (-after 1400). La Roque (citing “l’Eschiquier de la duché de Normandie tenu à Rouen au terme de Pasques 1400“) names “messire Jean d’Iury chevalier seigneur de Rosny et dame Beatrix de Harcourt sa femme et dame Marie Painel veufue de messire Guillaume de Tournebu chevalier seigneur de Marbœuf”[1209]. Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage, cites a document dated 1400 in which she and her husband are named, says that the couple was childless, and also names her husband’s second wife[1210]. Thomas states that she succeeded her brother Robert [V] in Rosny which, on her death, passed to her maternal cousin Ide de Sacquenville who later married Beatrix’s husband as his second wife[1211]. m as his first wife, JEAN d’Ivry, son of GUILLAUME Baron d’Ivry & his wife Marie de Montmorency (-killed in battle Azincourt 25 Oct 1415). Thomas records that “Jehan d’Ivry, seigneur de Rosny du chef de sa femme Ide de Sacquainville dame de Rosny” was killed at Agincourt “son chastel et forteresse de Rony...”[1212]. Thomas quotes a manuscript which records that “messire Jean d’Ivry et madame Ide de Rosny sa femme” occupied “ladite terre de Rony...jusques à la bataille d’Azincourt”, at which “ledit d’Ivry” died childless, while his wife remained at Rosny until “les Anglois vinrent à Mante...ardirent le castel...ostèrent à ladite dame sadite terre de Rony”[1213].

b) [MARGUERITE d’Harcourt . Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage (no source cited)[1214]. m BAUDOUIN de Crequy Seigneur de Boijes, son of BAUDOUIN Seigneur de Crequy et de Canaples & his wife Clémence de Croÿ.]

2. [RAOUL [I] d´Harcourt ). La Roque records his parentage (no sources cited)[1215]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. Seigneur de Charentonne. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Raoul’s wife has not been identified. La Roque says that she was “Luce de Beauffou, Dame de Beaufou, de Beuvron, de Druval, de Saint-Aubin et de la Chappelle-Bainel, veuve de Jean Sire de Tilly, aieux de Jeanne de Tilly heritiere de la Chastellenie de Tilly, femme de Philippe de Harcourt Sire de Bonnestable“, naming her two younger sisters “Isabeau de Beauffou femme de Robert Sire de Percy et Jeanne de Beauffou femme de Guillaume Sire de Folligny”, and citing “la preuve de noblesse de...Pierre de Percy Seigneur de Montchamps” submitted “aux Eleus de Vire, Commissaires deputés par le Roy, suivant le mandement du General des Finances en Normandie” dated 1540[1216]. However, La Roque’s description of that document indicates that “l’aisnée [des trois sœurs] fut mariée en la maison de Tilly” (without naming her) but does not appear to mention her supposed Harcourt marriage. The wife of Jean [III] Seigneur de Tilly (died [1317/20?]) is recorded in other documents as “Jeanne de Beaufou” who appears to have married “--- de Mortemer” as her first husband (see the document NORMANDY NOBILITY-AVRANCHES, BAYEUX, COTENTIN). In the reconstruction of the Tilly family, the primary source which confirms that the couple were ancestors of Jeanne de Tilly, who married Philippe d’Harcourt, has not been found. Until more definite information emerges, it is suggested that La Roque’s conclusion about the identity of the wife of Raoul d’Harcourt should be treated with caution. Raoul & his wife had four children:

a) RAOUL [II] d’Harcourt (-before 8 Jan 1368). La Roque names “Raul de Harcourt II du nom Sire de Charentonne“ as oldest son of “Raul de Harcourt I du nom Sire de Charentonne et de Luce de Beauffou”, citing “Les Registres de la Chambre des Comptes” dated 11 Sep 1357 which name “Raul de Harcourt chevalier”[1217]. While this document does not confirm his parentage, the date indicates that it could not refer to his supposed father Raoul [I]. The 8 Jan 1367 (O.S.) reference to Raoul [II]’s son Jean as seigneur de Charentonne, cited below, suggests that his father was deceased at the time. [La Roque (citing “Extraict des Registres de l’Eschiquier d’Alençon tenu à Argenten“) names “…messire Raoul de Harcourt…chevaliers” among those whose presence was requested 3 Mar 1381 (O.S.?)[1218]. If the speculation about Raoul [II]’s death before 8 Jan 1368 is correct, this entry would refer to another Raoul d’Harcourt.] m ELEONORE [Jeanne?] de Saquenville, daughter of --- (-[1 Dec 1367/8 Jan 1368?]). La Roque says that “Raul de Harcourt II du nom Sire de Charentonne“ married “Jeanne de Saquainville Dame de Saquainville”, citing in a later passage “[les] Memoires de Mr de Longueil des Chenets”[1219]. The following document suggests that Raoul’s wife was named Eléonore: a charter dated 1 Dec 1367 records the allegiance of “Liénor de Sacquenville dame de Victot et de Sarcelles” and another dated 8 Jan 1367 (O.S.) that of “Jean de Harcourt seigneur de Charentonne et de Sarcelles”, both relating to Sarcelles[1220]. The common reference to Harcourt/Charentonne suggests that “Eléonore” was the same person as Anselme’s “Jeanne”. If that is correct, Jean d’Harcourt/Charentonne was her son which would explain the transmission of Sarcelles. That transmission also suggests that Eléonore died before the date on which Jean was named. If Anselme was partially is correct, it is unlikely that “Jeanne/Eléonore” was “dame de Saquenville” in her own right, considering that Marguerite, daughter of Pierre de Saquenville, is later described as such and that no reference has been found to Jeanne/Eléonore’s supposed Harcourt children inheriting any interest in Saquenville. No reliable reference has been found which indicates the basis of Eléonore’s interest in Sarcelles and Victot, whether by marriage or inheritance. Raoul [II] & his wife had three children:

i) JEAN d’Harcourt (-[1387/Sep 1390]). La Roque names “Jean de Harcourt Sire de Charentonne“ as oldest son of “Raul de Harcourt II” and his wife, citing documents dated 1 Sep 1387 and 3 Sep/8 Oct [no year] which name him (but do not confirm his parentage)[1221]. Seigneur de Charentonne et de Sarcelles: a charter dated 1 Dec 1367 records the allegiance of “Liénor de Sacquenville dame de Victot et de Sarcelles” and another dated 8 Jan 1367 (O.S.) that of “Jean de Harcourt seigneur de Charentonne et de Sarcelles”, both relating to Sarcelles[1222]. He is named as deceased in the [29 Sep] 1390 document cited below. m JEANNE d’Estouteville, daughter of RAOUL d’Estouteville Seigneur de Rames & his wife Marguerite d’Harcourt (-after 1391). La Roque (citing “Monsieur le President Bigot en ses Memoires“) says that “Robert d’Estouteville Seigneur de Remmes” consented to “Jeanne d’Estouteville sa sœur fille de Raul d’Estouteville Seigneur de Remmes et femme de Jean de Harcourt Sire de Charentonne son beau-frere” retaining revenue from “la terre de Remmes” due under their marriage contract[1223]. La Roque (citing “Registrum manuale placitorum et negociorum Scacarii Normanniæ“ dated [29 Sep] 1390 at Rouen) records “Pierre Mauvoisin escuier” claiming against the chapter of Evreux and “dame Jeanne d’Estouteville iadis femme de feu monsieur Jean de Harcourt chevalier”[1224]. La Roque (citing “Eschiquier de Pasques l’an 1391“) records “madame Jeanne d’Estouteville veufve de messire Jean de Harcourt jadis chevalier et dame de Charentonne, messire Jean Dacy dit petit Galois chevalier et heritier de messire Jean de Harcourt jadis chevalier”[1225].

ii) ISABELLE d’Harcourt . La Roque names “Isabeau de Harcourt Dame de Charentonne, de Serquigny, d’Auchey“ as older daughter of “Raul de Harcourt II” and his wife, recording in a later passage (citing “[les] Memoires de Mr. de Longueil des Chenets”) that she married firstly “Pierre Mauvoisin Seigneur de Serquigny, pere et mere de Pierre Mauvoisin Seigneur de Serquigny mort sans enfans de Jeanne de Vieupont son épouse et de Jeanne Mauvoisin Dame de Serquigny, qui épousa Eudes d’Achey Seigneur d’Achey” and secondly (no source cited) “Jean d’Achey ou d’Achy dit le Grand Galois Seigneur d’Achey, frere aisné d’Eudes d’Achey, marié à Jeanne Mauvoisin Dame de Cerquigny...les deux freres Jean et Eudes d’Achey enfans d’Eudes Seigneur d’Achey et de Christine de Bailleul”[1226]. Her second husband is named in the 1391 document cited above under the widow of Isabelle’s brother Jean. m firstly PIERRE Mauvoisin Seigneur de Serquigny, son of --- (-before 1391). m secondly JEAN d’Achy “le Grand Galois” Seigneur d’Achey, son of EUDES Seigneur d’Achy & his wife Christine de Bailleul (-after 1391).

iii) JEANNE d’Harcourt . La Roque names “Jeanne de Harcourt Dame de Beuville“ as younger daughter of “Raul de Harcourt II” and his wife, in a later passage naming her husband “Hue de Beuville Seigneur de Beuville, de Sarqueux, de la Sergenterie de Cambremer”[1227]. La Roque (citing “Eschiquier de l’an 1448“) records a judgment which names “dame Marie Paisnel veufve de messire Guillaume de Tournebu et les hoirs de messire Huë de Beuville chevalier se portant heritiers de messire Jean de Harcourt chevalier”[1228]. m HUGUES Seigneur de Beuville, son of ---.

b) ROBERT d’Harcourt (-after 1344). La Roque names “Robert de Harcourt seigneur et curé de Bliquetuit“ as second son of “Raul de Harcourt I du nom Sire de Charentonne et de Luce de Beauffou”, noting two sources dated 1344 in which he is named[1229].

c) JEAN d’Harcourt (-after 8 Jan 1368). La Roque names “Jean de Harcourt seigneur de Sarcelles“ as third son of “Raul de Harcourt I du nom Sire de Charentonne et de Luce de Beauffou”, noting sources dated 2 Sep 1357 and 7 May 1360 in which he is named[1230]. A charter dated 1 Dec 1367 records the allegiance of “Liénor de Sacquenville dame de Victot et de Sarcelles” and another dated 8 Jan 1367 (O.S.) that of “Jean de Harcourt seigneur de Charentonne et de Sarcelles”, both relating to Sarcelles[1231]. It is not known whether the joint property holding resulted from a common ancestry between the Sacquenville and Harcourt families.

d) MADELEINE d’Harcourt . La Roque names “Madeleine de Harcourt Dame de Floigny“ as the daughter of “Raul de Harcourt I du nom Sire de Charentonne et de Luce de Beauffou”, in a later passage naming her husband “Gracien le Iay Seigneur de Floigny”[1232]. m GRACIEN le Jay Seigneur de Floigny, son of ---.

3. [ALIX d’Harcourt . La Roque and Père Anselme record her parentage and marriage, the former noting a charter dated 1240 in which the couple’s son was named[1233]. The date of that document suggests that Alix’s parentage may not be correct. m HUON Seigneur d’Orbec, son of ---.]

4. [JEANNE d’Harcourt . La Roque and Père Anselme record her parentage and marriage, the former noting an epitaph which records the burial of “Fulco dominus de Champagne, Ioanna de Harcourt eius uxor” (which does not confirm Jeanne’s parentage)[1234]. m FOULQUES Seigneur de Champagne et de Parcé, son of ---.]

F. SEIGNEURS de LAIGLE (L'AIGLE)

1. ENGENULF de Laigle [de l'Aigle] (-killed in battle Hastings 17 Oct 1066, bur Monastery of Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle). Orderic Vitalis records that "Engenulfus et Richuereda uxor eius" donated the deceased’s horse to Ouche after "Rogerius primogenitus Engenulfi de Aquila filius" was killed, dated to [1059/61][1235]. The Chronique de Normandie, based on le Roman de Rou, names "Engenous de l’Aigle" among those who took part in the conquest of England in 1066[1236]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Engenulfus Aquilensis oppidanus” was killed in the battle of Hastings[1237]. m RICHEREDA, daughter of --- (bur Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle[1238]). Orderic Vitalis records that "Engenulfus et Richuereda uxor eius" donated the deceased’s horse to Ouche after "Rogerius primogenitus Engenulfi de Aquila filius" was killed, dated to [1059/61][1239]. Her relationship with the Giroie family is indicated by Orderic Vitalis who records that "Ernaldus" [Arnaud, son of Guillaume Giroie] received "equum consobrini sui Rogerii" [her son] from “Rodberto abbate” [Robert de Grantmesnil, abbot of Ouche], dated to [1059/61][1240]. "Richer de Aquila son of Ingenulf de Aquila" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Evroul by charter dated to [1099] (although this date is incorrect if the date of his death is as shown above), witnessed by "domina matre mea Richoereda…"[1241]. Engenulf & his wife had four children:

a) ROGER de Laigle (-killed [1059/61]). Guillaume II Duke of Normandy confirmed the donation of “ecclesias...in maris Constantini pagi...” made by “Roberto...Hunfredi...filio” to Saint-Wandrille by charter dated to [1035/53], subscribed by “Roberti filii Hunfredi, Rogeri fratris eius, Anscetilli, Willelmi filii Ricardi secundi Normannorum ducis, Rogerii filii Radulfi de Warethna, Rogerii filii Ragnulfi, Gilleberti Crispin, Willelmi Guiet”[1242]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Rogerius primogenitus Engenulfi de Aquila filius" was killed, dated to [1059/61][1243].

b) RICHER de Laigle (-killed in battle Sainte-Suzanne 18 Nov 1085, bur Monastery of St Sulpice-sur-Risle). Orderic Vitalis records him as son of Engenulf de Laigle. "Richer de Aquila son of Ingenulf de Aquila" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Evroul by charter dated to [1099] (although this date is incorrect if the date of his death is as shown above), witnessed by "domina matre mea Richoereda, Gilleberto et Roberto fratribus meis, Judiht uxore mea, filia Richardi de Abrincis et sorore Hugonis comitis Cestrensis"[1244]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Richerium de Aquila Engenulfi filium” was mortally wounded in the eye by an arrow at the siege of the castle of Sainte-Suzanne and buried at the monastery of Saint-Sulpice, dated to 1085[1245]. m JUDITH d'Avranches, daughter of RICHARD Goz d'Avranches & his wife ---. Orderic Vitalis records that “Richerium de Aquila Engenulfi filium” married “Judith filiam Ricardi Abrincatensis cognomento Goz, sororem...Hugonis Cestrensium comitis”[1246]. "Robertus…" donated property to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [1101/17], confirmed by "Gisleberti…de Aquila" and witnessed by "Gisleberti de Aquila, Julite eiusdem matris et Juliane uxoris ipsius"[1247]. "Richer de Aquila son of Ingenulf de Aquila" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Evroul by charter dated to [1099] (although this date is incorrect if the date of his death is as shown above), witnessed by "…Judiht uxore mea, filia Richardi de Abrincis et sorore Hugonis comitis Cestrensis"[1248]. "Robertus…" donated property to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [1101/17], confirmed by "Gisleberti…de Aquila" and witnessed by "Gisleberti de Aquila, Julite eiusdem matris et Juliane uxoris ipsius"[1249]. Richer & his wife had [six or more] children:

i) GILBERT de Laigle (-[1118]). Orderic Vitalis names “Gislebertum Aquilensem et Engenulfum et Mathildem et alios plures filios et filias” as the children of “Richerium de Aquila Engenulfi filium” and his wife[1250]. Domesday Book records the land of “Gilbert fitzRicher de l’Aigle” in Witley, Surrey[1251]. "…Gillebert de l’Aigle…" witnessed the undated charter under which Robert III Duke of Normandy donated property to Saint-Etienne de Caen[1252]. "Robertus…" donated property to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [1101/17], confirmed by "Gisleberti…de Aquila" and witnessed by "Gisleberti de Aquila, Julite eiusdem matris et Juliane uxoris ipsius"[1253]. "…Gislebertus de Aquila…" subscribed a charter dated 8 Aug 1111 under which Henry I King of England confirmed the episcopate of Somerset at Bath[1254]. m ([1092]) JULIANE du Perche, daughter of GEOFFROY Comte de Mortagne et Comte du Perche & his wife Beatrix de Ramerupt [Roucy] (-after 1132). Orderic Vitalis names “Margaritam...Julianam” as the daughters of “Goisfredus Rotronis Mauritaniæ comitis filius” and his wife “Beatricis”, adding that Juliane married “Gisleberto de Aquila oppido”[1255], in another passage describing her husband as “Gislebertum Aquilensem” son of “Richerium de Aquila Engenulfi filium”[1256]. The marriage is dated from a third passage in Orderic Vitalis which records that “Goisfredus Mauritaniæ comes” granted “Julianam filiam suam” in marriage to “Gisleberto Aquilensi nepote eius” after “Gisleberto Ingenulfi de Aquila” was killed, dated to [1092][1257]. "Rotrocus comes Perticensium" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité de Tiron by charter dated [1119] subscribed by "Juliane soror mea, Richerii filius eius"[1258]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Rotaldum eiusdem loci comitem et Iulainam de Aquila matrem regine Navarrensis, et Margaretam uxorem Gisleberti de Novo-burgo" as children, incorrectly, of "Rotaldo comiti de Pertica" & his wife Beatrix de Roucy, specifying that Marguerite had children "Rotaldum Ebrodiensem episcopum cum aliis liberis utriusque sexus"[1259]. "Robertus…" donated property to Chartres Saint-Père by charter dated to [1101/17], confirmed by "Gisleberti…de Aquila" and witnessed by "Gisleberti de Aquila, Julite eiusdem matris et Juliane uxoris ipsius"[1260]. "Domine Juliane" recognised rights of Saint-Denis de Nogent by charter dated to [1122/33], specifying that she was governing Perche while the count was absent in Spain, witnessed by "Gislebertus puer filius prefate Juliane"[1261]. Gilbert & his wife had seven children:

(a) RICHER de Laigle ([1095]-[24 Aug] 1176, bur Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle). Orderic Vitalis names “Richerium et Engenulfum ac Goisfredum et Gislebertum” as the children of “Gislebertum Aquilensem” and his wife[1262]. "Rotrocus comes Perticensium" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité de Tiron by charter dated [1119] subscribed by "Juliane soror mea, Richerii filius eius"[1263]. He claimed his father's lands in England from King Henry but was refused on the excuse that his brothers were serving in the royal household troops and expecting the honor. It was eventually granted to him after the intervention of his uncle Comte Rotrou, but Louis VI King of France attacked Laigle and forced Richer to hand it to him 3 Sep 1118[1264].

- see below.

(b) ENGENULF de Laigle (-drowned 25 Nov 1120). Orderic Vitalis names “Richerium et Engenulfum ac Goisfredum et Gislebertum” as the children of “Gislebertum Aquilensem” and his wife, adding that “duo medii” died “cum Willelmo Adelino Henrici regis filio” in the shipwreck[1265].

(c) GEOFFROY de Laigle (-drowned 25 Nov 1120). Orderic Vitalis names “Richerium et Engenulfum ac Goisfredum et Gislebertum” as the children of “Gislebertum Aquilensem” and his wife, adding that “duo medii” died “cum Willelmo Adelino Henrici regis filio” in the shipwreck[1266].

(d) GILBERT de Laigle . Orderic Vitalis names “Richerium et Engenulfum ac Goisfredum et Gislebertum” as the children of “Gislebertum Aquilensem” and his wife[1267]. "Domine Juliane" recognised rights of Saint-Denis de Nogent by charter dated to [1122/33], specifying that she was governing Perche while the count was absent in Spain, witnessed by "Gislebertus puer filius prefate Juliane"[1268]. Seigneur du Lac.

(e) ROGER . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Abbé de Saint-Ouen, Rouen.

(f) GUERIN . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Monk.

(g) MARGUERITE de Laigle (-25 May 1141). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Garsias Ranimiriz" confirmed the rights and privileges of the church of Pamplona on the advice of "uxoris mee Margarite regina" by charter dated 1135[1269]. m (after 1130) as his first wife, don GARCÍA VI Ramírez “el Restaurador” King of Navarre, son of RAMIRO Sánchez [de Navarra] Señor de Monzón & his wife doña Elvira [Cristina] Rodríguez de Vivar ([1105]-Lorca, Navarra 25 Nov 1150, bur Pamplona, Cathedral Santa María).

ii) ENGENULF de Laigle . Orderic Vitalis names “Gislebertum Aquilensem et Engenulfum et Mathildem et alios plures filios et filias” as the children of “Richerium de Aquila Engenulfi filium” and his wife[1270].

iii) MATHILDE de Laigle (-[after Oct 1155][1271]). Orderic Vitalis names “Gislebertum Aquilensem et Engenulfum et Mathildem et alios plures filios et filias” as the children of “Richerium de Aquila Engenulfi filium” and his wife, adding that Mathilde married “Roberto de Molbraio comiti Nordanhumbrorum”[1272]. Her second marriage took place with the dispensation of Pope Paschal II, granted although her first husband was still living[1273]. Eyton discusses her life and land holdings in more detail[1274]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Mathildi de Aqila" in Dorsetshire and exempted in Staffordshire[1275]. m firstly (1095) ROBERT de Mowbray Earl Administrator of Northumbria, son of ROGER de Montbrai & his wife ---. m secondly (bigamously after 1107, repudiated) as his first wife, NELE de Albini, son of ROGER de Albini & his wife Amice --- (-21 or 26 Nov 1129). He was granted Montbrai, in Normandy, the forfeited lands of her Mathilde's husband[1276], but eventually repudiated her after the death of her brother Gilbert[1277].

iv) "several other sons and daughters". Orderic Vitalis names “Gislebertum Aquilensem et Engenulfum et Mathildem et alios plures filios et filias” as the children of “Richerium de Aquila Engenulfi filium” and his wife[1278].

c) GILBERT de Laigle (-Moulins-la-Marche [1092], bur Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle). Son of Egenulf according to Orderic Vitalis, who also says that Robert III Duke of Normandy often commanded him to perform military service "because he was conspicuously courageous" and rewarded him with the castle of Exmes, which was immediately besieged by Robert de Bellême[1279]. "Richer de Aquila son of Ingenulf de Aquila" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Evroul by charter dated to [1099] (although this date is incorrect if the date of his death is as shown above), witnessed by "…Gilleberto et Roberto fratribus meis…"[1280]. Orderic Vitalis records that in Jan 1086 “Guillelmus de Warenna et Baldricus de Chitreio Nicolai filius, atque Gislebertus de Aquila”, wanting to avenge the death of “Richerii fratris sui” [Richer de Laigle], unsuccessfully attacked the besiegers of the castle of Sainte-Suzanne[1281]. Orderic Vitalis records that Duke Robert granted “castrum de Eximiis” [Exmes] to “Gisleberto Ingenulfi de Aquila filio” as reward for loyal services, dated to 1091, that “Robertus Bellesmensis” unsuccessfully besieged the castle, that the following year Gilbert visited “Molinis...cum Duda eiusdem castri domina” where he was attacked and killed, and buried the next day “ad Sanctum Sulpicium”[1282].

d) ROBERT de Laigle . "Richer de Aquila son of Ingenulf de Aquila" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Evroul by charter dated to [1099] (although this date is incorrect if the date of his death is as shown above), witnessed by "…Gilleberto et Roberto fratribus meis…"[1283].

RICHER de Laigle, son of GILBERT de Laigle & his wife Juliana de Mortagne ([1095]-[24 Aug] 1176, bur Saint-Sulpice-sur-Risle). He is named and his parentage given by Orderic Vitalis2095. "Rotrocus comes Perticensium" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité de Tiron by charter dated [1119] subscribed by "Juliane soror mea, Richerii filius eius"[1284]. He claimed his father's lands in England from King Henry but was refused on the excuse that his brothers were serving in the royal household troops and expecting the honor. It was eventually granted to him after the intervention of his uncle Comte Rotrou, but Louis VI King of France attacked Laigle and forced Richer to hand it to him 3 Sep 1118[1285]. "Richerus…dominus de Aquila" confirmed the donation of property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe by "Gerburgis mater Guillelmi Goidi de Asperis" by charter dated 1136[1286]. "…Richerius de Aquila…" witnessed the charter dated to [end 1150/early Sep 1151] under which "H. dux Normannorum" granted privileges to the citizens of Rouen[1287]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172], "Richerius de Aquila" with 5 knights and one half "de feodo de Crepo[n] in Cadamo"[1288]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1176 of "Richerius de Aquila" and the succession of "Richerius filius eius"[1289].

m BEATRIX, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

Richer & his wife had four children:

1. RICHER de Laigle . Robert of Torigny records the death in 1176 of "Richerius de Aquila" and the succession of "Richerius filius eius"[1290]. m EDELINA, daughter of ---. “Gillebertus dominus de Aquila” donated property to Beigham Abbey, Sussex, for the souls of “Richerii patris mei” and for the health of “dominæ Edelinæ matris meæ…”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Edelina matre mea…”[1291]. Richer & his wife had five children:

a) GILBERT de Laigle (-1231). “Gillebertus dominus de Aquila” donated property to Beigham Abbey, Sussex, for the souls of “Richerii patris mei” and for the health of “dominæ Edelinæ matris meæ et Richerii fratris mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Edelina matre mea, Richerio fratre meo, Engenulfo clerico, fratre meo…”[1292]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Gilbertus de Aquila" paying "xi l i m…dimidiam marcam pro milite" in Sussex[1293]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], names "Gilbertus de Aquila" paying "xxi l xvii s vi d de parvis feodis...de quolibet milite xii s vi d" in Sussex[1294]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Gileberti de Aquila" owned "villa de Westcot…hundredum de Wudetun" in Surrey before he left for Normandy without the king’s permission[1295]. "Gillebertus dominus Aquila" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe by charter dated 1211[1296]. “Gislebertus dominus Aquile” donated revenue to Notre-Dame de Chaise-Dieu, with the consent of “Elisabet uxoris mee et Gisleberti primogeniti mei”, by charter dated 1215[1297]. His lands reverted to the crown on his death. m ([1193]) as her second husband, ISABEL de Warenne, widow of ROBERT de Lacy, daughter of HAMELIN d’Anjou Earl of Surrey & his [second] wife Isabel de Warenne of Surrey (-before 30 Nov 1234). A manuscript history of the Lacy family names “Isabella” as wife of “Robertus Lacy”, adding that they were childless[1298]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Gileberti de Aquila" married "comes Warennie…sorore sua" whose dowry was "villa de Westcot…hundredum de Wudetun" in Surrey[1299]. “Gislebertus dominus Aquile” donated revenue to Notre-Dame de Chaise-Dieu, with the consent of “Elisabet uxoris mee et Gisleberti primogeniti mei”, by charter dated 1215[1300]. Gilbert & his wife had two children:

i) GILBERT de Laigle (-after 1215). “Gislebertus dominus Aquile” donated revenue to Notre-Dame de Chaise-Dieu, with the consent of “Elisabet uxoris mee et Gisleberti primogeniti mei”, by charter dated 1215[1301].

ii) ALICE de Laigle (-bur Norton). A manuscript history of the Lacy family names “Aliciam filiam Gilberti de Aquila” as wife of “Johannes de Lacy primus comes Lincolniæ”, adding that she was buried “apud Norton”[1302]. m as his first wife, JOHN de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, son of ROGER de Lacy & his wife Maud de Clare ([1192]-22 Jul 1240[1303], bur Stanlaw, later transferred to Whalley).

b) RICHER de Laigle . “Gillebertus dominus de Aquila” donated property to Beigham Abbey, Sussex, for the souls of “Richerii patris mei” and for the health of “dominæ Edelinæ matris meæ et Richerii fratris mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Edelina matre mea, Richerio fratre meo, Engenulfo clerico, fratre meo…”[1304].

c) ENGENULF de Laigle . “Gillebertus dominus de Aquila” donated property to Beigham Abbey, Sussex, for the souls of “Richerii patris mei” and for the health of “dominæ Edelinæ matris meæ et Richerii fratris mei”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Edelina matre mea, Richerio fratre meo, Engenulfo clerico, fratre meo…”[1305].

d) LUCIE de Laigle (-1 Apr after 1217). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. "Ricardus vicecomes Sancte Susanne" granted rights to the hospice of Raillon, with the consent of "Lucie uxoris mee et Radulfi filii mei", by charter dated to [1165/77][1306]. "Radulfus vicecomes Sancte Suzanne" donated the chapel of Raillon to the abbey of Angers Saint-Aubin, for the soul of "patris mei Richardi", with the consent of "matre mea Lucia vicecomitissa", by charter dated to [1200][1307]. "Lucia vicecomitissa Sancte Suzanne" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe for the soul of "domini R viri mei" with the consent of "R vicecomitis Belli Montis filii sui" by charter dated 1208[1308]. The necrology of Notre-Dame-de-Beauport records the death "Kal Apr" of "matris prime uxoris comitis Alani fundatoris nostri" [Alain [I] d’Avaugour, husband of Lucie’s daughter Petronille][1309]. [According to Angot, Lucie married secondly as his second wife, Thibaut [III] Seigneur de Mathefelon, without citing any primary source on which this information is based[1310]. He dates this supposed second marriage to “avant 1205”, although his basis for this date is unclear and, if the marriage is correct, it would seem incorrect in light of the charter dated 1208 in which her supposed second husband is not named (see above). Europäische Stammtafeln names “Luce de l’Aigle dame de Loué et de Loiron” as the second wife of Thibaut [III] but does not specify her parentage or supposed first marriage[1311]. A difficulty is that Europäische Stammtafeln dates the death of Thibaut’s second wife to “16 Dec” (implying that this date is based on a necrology entry, which has not yet been identified), while the necrology of Notre-Dame de Beauport dates the death of Richard [I]’s widow to 1 Apr, as noted above. Until more information comes to light, it is suggested that this supposed second marriage be treated with caution.] m [firstly] RICHARD [I] Vicomte de Beaumont, son of ROSCELIN Vicomte de Beaumont & his wife Constance [of England] (-25 Jan [1197/99], bur Etival). [m secondly as his second wife, THIBAUT [III] Seigneur de Mathefelon, son of THIBAUT [II] Seigneur de Mathefelon & his wife Mathilde de Mayenne (-[May 1238/Dec 1239]).]

e) --- de Laigle . Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Guillermus de Curceio" as "filia Richerii de Aquila" when recording his death in 1177[1312]. m WILLIAM de Courcy, son of --- (-1177).

2. ROGER de Laigle . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

3. ENGENULF de Laigle . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

4. JULIANA de Laigle . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m GILBERT Crispin Seigneur de Tillières, son of ---.

1. ROBERT de Laigle (-after 1167). The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Robertus de Aquila xiv l xi s viii d…" in Sussex in [1167/68][1313].

G. SEIGNEURS de NEUFBOURG

Neufbourg (anglicised as Newburgh, now called Le Neubourg) is located about five kilometres east of Harcourt in the medieval county of Evreux. Satisfactory reconstruction of the Neufbourg family, descendants of the Beaumont family, is difficult. Three branches of the family are shown below in the following order: the supposed children of Henri [I], youngest son of Henry de Beaumont Earl of Warwick, the descendants of Robert [I] de Neufbourg, second son of Earl Henry, the Neufbourg Seigneurs de Livarot, and the Neufbourg/Newburgh family later associated with Bindon abbey in Dorset. The extent of overlap between these three family groups is difficult to assess: the question is complicated by the repeat use of the names Robert and Henri/Henry in all three groups (the numbering of the different persons with these names shown in this document is for ease of reference only and has no historical significance). Further complication is due to information presented by La Roque’s history of the Harcourt family (a work of mixed reliability) not being corroborated in other sources.

HENRI [I] de Neufbourg, son of HENRY de Beaumont Earl of Warwick & his wife Marguerite de Perche . Roger Earl of Warwick confirmed a donation to St Pierre, Préaux, by charter dated to [1123/53], witnessed by "Gundr comitissa, Henrico fratre meo"[1314]. “R. comes de Warwick” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter witnessed by “Gundreda comitissa, Galfridus et Henricus fratres mei, Turstinus de Monteforti…”[1315]. The marriage settlement of "Rogerus comes Warr…Agnetem filiam meam" and "Gaufrido camerario" is undated, witnessed by "…Roberto fratre meo et Gaufrido et Henrico…Willelmus de Glint[ona]…Hug[one] de Glint[ona] et Maur[icio] fratre eius…"[1316]. He is referred to in a charter at Worcester[1317].

m [MARGUERITE de Hauteville, daughter of ---. Domesday Descendants names “Marguerite de Hauteville” as the wife of Henri de Neubourg but does not cite the corresponding primary source [1318]. Some confusion is introduced by La Roque, who says that Henri [II] de Neufbourg married “Margueritte de Hauteville et de Sicile”, whom he connects with the Sicilian royal family without specifying her precise family relationship[1319]. Resolution of this apparent conflict awaits the emergence of other sources.]

Henri [I] & his wife had [three children]:

1. [ROBERT [II] de Neufbourg [Newburgh] . Domesday Descendants names “Robert” as the son of Henri [I] de Neubourg and his wife but does not cite the corresponding primary source[1320]. No primary source has been found which confirms the separate existence of this Robert [II]. One possibility is that he is confused with Robert [III] who is shown below as the son of Henri [II] de Neufbourg.]

2. [MARGUERITE . Domesday Descendants names “Margaret, wife of Ivo de Grandmesnil” as daughter of Henri [I] de Neubourg and his wife but does not cite the corresponding primary source[1321]. Her husband has not been traced in the Grantmesnil family in Normandy (see NORMANDY NOBILITY-ALENÇON, EVREUX, MEULAN, PERCHE). m IVES de Grantmesnil, son of ---.]

3. [ISABELLE (-after [1199/1200]). Domesday Descendants names “Isabel, wife of Robert de Poissi” as daughter of Henri [I] de Neubourg and his wife but does not cite the corresponding primary source[1322]. The following document confirms “Isabelle” as the wife of Robert de Poissy: the Rotuli Curiæ Regis (1 John) record “Isabell q fuit ux Rob de Pessi”, acting through “Thom de Sisseune”, claiming “vs Com de Ferariis” relating to “tre i Neubotl” in Nottinghamshire [1323]. An explanation for her involvement in this lawsuit could be the death of her son Guillaume [I] de Poissy and the succession of his son Robert [III], presumably a minor at the time, on behalf of whom his paternal grandmother acted. The primary source which confirms Isabelle’s family origin has not been identified. A potential difficulty arises due to the confirmed parentage of Lucie, wife of Isabelle’s son Guillaume [I], who is named “Lucia de Pessiaco filia Henrici de Novoburgo” in the undated charter quoted below. Lucie’s father is probably identified as Henri [II] de Neufbourg (see below), who would have been Isabelle’s first cousin. If Isabelle’s Neufbourg origin is correct, a Papal dispensation would therefore have been needed for her son’s marriage. La Roque creates further difficulties by indicating that Isabelle, wife of “Robert de Poissy seigneur de Malvoisine”, was the daughter of Henri [II] de Neufbourg[1324], which is clearly inconsistent with Lucie de Neufbourg’s supposed parentage. Two alternative possibilities are (1) that “Isabelle de Neufbourg” married Robert [II] de Poissy (son of Robert [I]) or (2) that Robert [I]’s sons were born from an earlier otherwise unrecorded marriage, but neither possibility adequately explains Isabelle’s involvement in the [1199/1200] lawsuit. Pending the emergence of other source material, it is prudent to show the possible family origin of Robert [I] de Poissy’s wife in square brackets. [m ROBERT [I] de Poissy, son of --- (-[1180/81]).]

ROBERT [I] de Neufbourg, son of HENRY de Beaumont Earl of Warwick & his wife Marguerite de Perche (-30 Aug [or 12 Sep] 1159, bur Bec). Orderic Vitalis names “Rogerium et Rodbertum de Novoburgo” as the children of Henry and his wife[1325]. He succeeded to his father's lands in Normandy and held Neufbourg/Neubourg from the Comte de Meulan. Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertus...de Novoburgo” among those who rebelled against Henry I King of England in 1118, who expelled “Rodbertum [...Henrici comitis et Margaritæ filius] qui rebellaverat” from “Novum Burgum”, which he burnt and destroyed[1326]. Orderic Vitalis records the reconciliation of “Hugo de Gornaco et Rodbertus de Novo Burgo cæterrique rebelles” with the king in Autumn 1119[1327]. A charter dated to [1144] records the agreement relating to "la banlieue de Cambremer" made by "Robertus de Curceio et Robertus de Novo Burgo" in favour of the church of Bayeux[1328]. “R. comes de Warwick” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter witnessed by “Roberto de Novoburgo, G. fratre eius, Gundreda comitissa, Turstino de Montfort…”[1329]. The marriage settlement of "Rogerus comes Warr…Agnetem filiam meam" and "Gaufrido camerario" is undated, witnessed by "…Roberto fratre meo et Gaufrido et Henrico…Willelmus de Glint[ona]…Hug[one] de Glint[ona] et Maur[icio] fratre eius…"[1330]. He was chief steward and governor of Normandy 1154 to 1159[1331]. Robert of Torigny records that "filiam regis Francorum" was under the guardianship of “Roberto de Novo Burgo” after her betrothal to Henry, son of Henry II King of England[1332]. Robert of Torigny records that in Jul 1159 "Robertus de Novo Burgo dapifer et justicia totius Normanniæ" retired to Bec where he died “III Kal Sep” and was buried[1333]. The Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ records that "Kal Aug" 1159 “Robertus de Novoburgo vice-dominus totius Normanniæ” became a monk at Bec and died “III Kal Sep”[1334]. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "30 Aug" of "Robertus de Novo Burgo frater Rotrodi episcopi qui dedit quandam masuram apud Sanctum Gaudum"[1335]. [The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "12 Sep" of "Robertus de Novo Burgo"[1336].]

m GODECHILDE de Tosny, daughter of RALPH de Tosny & his wife Adelisa of Huntingdon ([1104/15?]-17 Oct after 1143). Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”Rogerus [comes] Warwic...fratrum suorum natus post ipsum...Robertus de Novoburgo” married “sororem Rogerii de Toenio filiam secundi Rodulfi Godechildem” by whom he had “plures filios...Henricum et fratres eius”[1337]. According to Robert of Torigny[1338], this was the same Godechilde who married Baudouin de Boulogne King of Jerusalem, but he is clearly confusing her with her aunt of the same name who allegedly married Robert de Beaumont Comte de Meulan as her first husband[1339]. "Robert de Novoburgo" donated property to the abbey of Bec with the consent of “his mother countess Margaret, his wife Godeheld and his sons Henry and Ralf”, by charter dated 1143[1340]. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "17 Oct" of "Godeheut uxor domini Roberti de Novo Burgo"[1341].

Robert [I] & his wife had [four] children:

1. HENRI [II] de Neufbourg ([1120/30]-after [Feb] 1214, [maybe after 1223]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”Rogerus [comes] Warwic...fratrum suorum natus post ipsum...Robertus de Novoburgo” married “sororem Rogerii de Toenio filiam secundi Rodulfi Godechildem” by whom he had “plures filios...Henricum et fratres eius”[1342]. "Robert de Novoburgo" donated property to the abbey of Bec-Hellouin with the consent of his mother countess Margaret, his wife Godeheld and his sons Henry and Ralph, by charter dated 1143[1343]. Henri [II] confirmed his father's grant to Beaulieu Abbey, Chartres in [1160][1344]. The Red Book of the Exchequer records enfeoffments in the duchy of Normandy in [1172]: "Henricus de Novo Burgo" [presumably Henri [II]] with 10 knights "de honore de Hummeto" and 6 knights and three parts in his own service[1345]. Henry de Neufbourg “fils aïné de Robert” confirmed his father’s donations to Bec by charter dated 1178, witnessed by “Robert fils aîné d’Henri du Neubourg...”[1346]. Delisle says that Henri de Neufbourg named "son père Robert, sa femme Marguerite et Robert son fils aîné" in a charter dated 1178[1347], which presumably refers to the same document. Henry de Neufbourg donated further property to Bec by charter dated 1190[1348]. “...Henrico de Novoburgo...” witnessed the charter dated “in media XL” 1213 (O.S.) which records the judgment in a claim brought by “Guillelmus Paganelli” against “domini Radulfi Tesson”[1349]. [According to La Roque, the same Henri de Neufbourg donated revenue “sur la prevosté du Ponteaudimer” to Bec by charter dated 1214, witnessed by “Vauquelin de Ferrieres, Albert Bailhache, Richard du Hommet”, and issued another charter dated 1223 relating to the same transaction[1350]. If these documents are correctly dated, Henri [II] would have lived to an advanced age. Another possibility is that the two documents refer to a different later Henri de Neufbourg.] [m firstly GODELITHA [Godechilde?], daughter of --- (-[1170/78]). Henri de Neufbourg "fils de Robert et mari de Godelitha" is named in a charter dated 1170[1351]. The similarity to the name of Henri’s mother suggests the possibility of some error either in the original charter or in this transcription extract. Nevertheless, the span between the estimated birth dates of Henri [II]’s children does suggest the possibility of two marriages.] m [secondly] ([after 1170]) MARGUERITE, daughter of ---. Henri de Neufbourg named "son père Robert, sa femme Marguerite et Robert son fils aîné" in a charter dated 1178[1352]. The name “Marguerite” recalls “Marguerite de Hauteville”, shown above as the wife of Henri [II]’s paternal uncle Henri [I] de Neufbourg according to Domesday Descendants (see above). Further confusion is introduced by La Roque, who says that Henri [II] de Neufbourg married “Margueritte de Hauteville et de Sicile”, whom he connects with the Sicilian royal family without specifying her precise family relationship[1353]. Resolution of this apparent conflict awaits the emergence of other sources. Henri [II] & his [first] wife had [three or more] children:

a) ROBERT [III] de Neufbourg ([before 1158]-). Henry de Neufbourg “fils aïné de Robert” confirmed his father’s donations to Bec by charter dated 1178, witnessed by “Robert fils aîné d’Henri du Neubourg...”[1354]. It is assumed that Robert was a young adult at the time and therefore born before [1158]. Delisle says that Henri de Neufbourg named "son père Robert, sa femme Marguerite et Robert son fils aîné" in a charter dated 1178[1355], which presumably refers to the same document. m ---. The name of Robert’s wife is not known. Robert [III] & his wife had [one child]:

i) [ROBERT [IV] de Neufbourg (-[1239/Oct 1243]). La Roque cites rolls dated 1236 and 1242 which name Robert de Neufbourg, whom he assumes was the same person as the son of Henry de Neufbourg named in 1178, as well as a donation made by him to Bec in 1239[1356]. The chronology appears stretched for these documents to refer to the same Robert. It is therefore suggested that this person was Robert [IV], possible son of Robert [III]. This suggestion is also consistent with the chronology of Robert [IV]’s daughter Marguerite, shown below. Robert [IV] was deceased in Oct 1243, the date of his supposed widow’s charter quoted below.] m [firstly] MARGUERITE, daughter of ---. La Roque notes the registers of La Chambre des Comptes in 1270 which record the charter of “Renaud de Maulevrier”, naming his wife and her two sisters shown below as heirs of “Robert et de Marguerite seigneur et dame de Neubourg leur pere et mere”[1357]. The text of this document has not been located. According to La Roque, she was “Dame en partie de la baronnie de Thorigny et issue de la maison de Glocestre”, but his account is confused as he calls her both Jeanne and Marguerite in different places[1358]. [m secondly JEANNE, daughter of --- (-after Oct 1243). La Roque records that Jeanne, widow of Robert de Neufbourg, donated property to Bec by charter dated Oct 1243[1359]. According to La Roque, she was “Dame en partie de la baronnie de Thorigny et issue de la maison de Glocestre”, but as noted above his account is confused as he calls her “Marguerite” in another place[1360]. The accuracy of La Roque’s information is unknown, but the apparent conflict could be resolved if Robert [IV] married twice, Jeanne being his second wife.] Robert [IV] & his [first] wife had three children:

(1) MARGUERITE de Neufbourg (-19 Aug 1277, bur Bec). The 1258 regulations for clothing and feeding the poor of the Maison-Dieu de Neubourg record the involvement of “messire Almaury de Meullent chevalier et madame Margarite dame du Neufbourg empartie”[1361]. La Roque notes the registers of La Chambre des Comptes in 1270 which record the charter of “Renaud de Maulevrier escuyer et Jeanne de Neubourg son épouse, sœur de Margueritte femme d’Amaury de Meulent, sœur aussi d’Agnes veufue de deffunct Paien (de Mehendin) appellé de Thorigny chevalier, tous les dessusdits heritiers de Robert et de Marguerite seigneur et dame de Neubourg leur pere et mere”[1362]. “Almaricus de Meullent miles et Margareta eius uxor et Renaudus de Maulevrier armiger et Ioanna de Novoburgo eius uxor et Agnes relicta domini Pagani de Toringneis militis deffuncti” settled a dispute concerning Neufbourg forest by charter dated Apr 1270[1363]. An epitaph at Bec records the burial of “Marguerite de Noef Bourg...iadis feme de monsegnor Amauri de Meulent...” who died 19 Aug 1277[1364]. m (before 1258) AMAURY [III] de Meulan Seigneur de Gournay-sur-Marne et de la Queue-en-Brie, son of AMAURY [II] de Meulan & his wife A--- (-[21 Apr?], [Jan/Nov] 1274).

(2) JEANNE de Neufbourg ). La Roque names “Margueritte de Neubourg Dame de la Baronnie de Neubourg, Jeanne de Neubourg Baronne d’Asnebec, Dame de Maulevrier, de Corbon etc, Agnes de Neubourg, Baronne d’Asnebec en partie, Dame de Mehendin, de Rouvrou etc” as the three daughters of Robert de Neufbourg[1365]. La Roque notes the registers of La Chambre des Comptes in 1270 which record the charter of “Renaud de Maulevrier escuyer et Jeanne de Neubourg son épouse, sœur de Margueritte femme d’Amaury de Meulent, sœur aussi d’Agnes veufue de deffunct Paien (de Mehendin) appellé de Thorigny chevalier, tous les dessusdits heritiers de Robert et de Marguerite seigneur et dame de Neubourg leur pere et mere”[1366]. “Almaricus de Meullent miles et Margareta eius uxor et Renaudus de Maulevrier armiger et Ioanna de Novoburgo eius uxor et Agnes relicta domini Pagani de Toringneis militis deffuncti” settled a dispute concerning Neufbourg forest by charter dated Apr 1270[1367]. La Roque names this couple’s supposed descendants[1368]. m RENAUD de Maulevrier, son of ---.

(3) AGNES de Neufbourg ). La Roque names “Margueritte de Neubourg Dame de la Baronnie de Neubourg, Jeanne de Neubourg Baronne d’Asnebec, Dame de Maulevrier, de Corbon etc, Agnes de Neubourg, Baronne d’Asnebec en partie, Dame de Mehendin, de Rouvrou etc” as the three daughters of Robert de Neufbourg[1369]. La Roque notes the registers of La Chambre des Comptes in 1270 which record the charter of “Renaud de Maulevrier escuyer et Jeanne de Neubourg son épouse, sœur de Margueritte femme d’Amaury de Meulent, sœur aussi d’Agnes veufue de deffunct Paien (de Mehendin) appellé de Thorigny chevalier, tous les dessusdits heritiers de Robert et de Marguerite seigneur et dame de Neubourg leur pere et mere”[1370]. “Almaricus de Meullent miles et Margareta eius uxor et Renaudus de Maulevrier armiger et Ioanna de Novoburgo eius uxor et Agnes relicta domini Pagani de Toringneis militis deffuncti” settled a dispute concerning Neufbourg forest by charter dated Apr 1270[1371]. La Roque names this couple’s supposed descendants[1372]. m PAYEN dit de Thorigny Seigneur de Mehendin, de Rouvrou, de Saint-Georges, d’Aunoy et de Moulienaux, son of --- (-before 1270).

b) [one or more other sons . Their existence is suggested by the 1178 charter cited above which refers to Robert as “fils aîné” of his father.]

Henri [II] & his [first/second] wife had [two] children:

c) [MARGUERITE de Neufbourg (-after Dec 1223). According to La Roque, Henri de Neufbourg donated revenue “sur la prevosté du Ponteaudimer” to Bec by charter dated 1214, and assigned “les donations qu’il faisoit sur sa prevosté du Ponteaudemer” by a charter dated Dec 1223 which names “Marguerite sa fille”[1373]. As noted above, the chronology of the Neufbourg family suggests either that these charters are misdated or that the donor was not Henri [II] de Neufbourg but a later person of the same name.]

d) [LUCIE de Neufbourg [[1170?]-). Guillaume de Poissy granted an annuity to Notre-Dame d’Abbecourt, with the consent of “Lucia uxor mea et filii mei et dominus Gasco cognatus meus, de Pissiaco, de cujus feodo est”, by undated charter[1374]. Lucie’s first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Aug 1240 under which [her daughter] “Philippa quondam...domina Leugarum” donated property to Notre-Dame de Josaphat, for the souls of “Guillermi de Pissiaco et Lucie uxoris eius patris et matris Philippe, Roberti et Guillelmi, Beatricis et Gile fratrum et sororum ipsius Philippe, Guillermi Moreherii et Gosleni quondam domini Leugarum, maritorum ipsius Philippe”[1375]. As Lucie had six known children by her first marriage, it is unlikely that she married much later than [1185] in view of her first husband’s date of death. Her family origin and second marriage are confirmed by the following document: “Lucia de Pessiaco filia Henrici de Novoburgo” donated revenue “apud Fontaines juxta Goe” to Fontaine-Guérard, with the consent of “primogeniti filii mei Roberti et aliorum filiorum meorum...domini mei Petri de Moreto”, by undated charter [dated to the early 13th century?][1376]. The chronology suggests that Lucie was the daughter of Henri [II] de Newburgh, although the primary source which confirms this identification has not been found. If this affiliation is correct, Lucie was presumably several years younger than Henri [II]’s oldest son Robert [III] considering that her oldest son was probably still a minor in [1199/1200]. A potential difficulty arises from the possible identification of Guillaume [I] de Poissy’s mother as “Isabelle de Neufbourg”, daughter of Henri [I] de Neufbourg (see above), which if correct would indicate the requirement of a Papal dispensation for Lucie’s first marriage. La Roque creates further difficulties by indicating that Isabelle, wife of “Robert de Poissy seigneur de Malvoisine”, was the daughter of Henri [II] de Neufbourg[1377], which is clearly inconsistent with Lucie de Neufbourg’s supposed parentage. m firstly ([1185?]) GUILLAUME [I] de Poissy, son of ROBERT [I] de Poissy & his wife Isabelle [de Neufbourg] (-[1192/99]). m secondly PIERRE de Moret, son of ---.]

2. RAOUL de Neufbourg (-after 1143). "Robert de Novoburgo" donated property to the abbey of Bec-Hellouin with the consent of his mother countess Margaret, his wife Godeheld and his sons Henry and Ralf, by charter dated 1143[1378]. Baron d’Asnebec. m AMAURIE Paynell, daughter of ---. La Roque records that Ralph married “Amaurie Painel” and lists their supposed descendants[1379]. The accuracy of his information is unknown, but presumably it should be treated with caution considering the general inaccuracy of La Roque’s work.

3. [RICHARD . Baron d'Asnebec. La Roque records his parentage[1380]. The primary source which confirms his existence has not been identified.]

4. [ROBERT de Neufbourg (-after [1184/85]). “Roberto de Novo-Burgo nepote nostro, canonico ecclesie nostre...” witnessed the 1157 charter under which “Rotrodus...Ebroicensis ecclesie...minister” confirmed donations to Chartres Notre-Dame[1381]. Delisle indicates that Robert was “fils du sénéchal du même nom”[1382], although it is unclear from the context whether this opinion was speculative (in which case Robert could have been the son of any of the bishop’s brothers, or even of the bishop himself if “nepos” was used euphemistically) or based on documentary evidence. Deacon at Evreux: "Robert du Neubourg doyen d’Evreux" is named in an undated charter issued by Simon de Montfort Comte d’Evreux[1383]. Deacon at Rouen: "Roberto de Novo Burgo decano Rothomagensi" is named in a roll dated 1184/85[1384].]

The lineage of the Neufbourg Seigneurs de Livarot is uncertain. It is confused by La Roque, who incorrectly dates many of the epitaphs at Bec which are quoted below.

1. --- de Neufbourg (-before 1223). Seigneur de Livarot. m MARGUERITE, daughter of --- (-29 Dec 1223, bur Bec). An epitaph at Bec records the burial of “Marguerite iadis dame de Livarou” [died 29 Dec 1223][1385].

2. ROBERT de Neufbourg (-after 1234). La Roque names Raoul de Neufbourg (see above), son of Robert [I] de Neufbourg, as his father[1386]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. From a chronological point of view, an intervening generation seems likely. In addition, it fails to explain the unnamed Seigneur de Livarot noted above. Baron d’Asnebec (part). Seigneur de Livarot, de iure uxoris. La Roque records his involvement in a lawsuit against “Fouques Painel...l’archidiacre Painel” with judgments dated 1229 and 1234[1387]. m [ISABELLE Crespin Dame de Livarot, daughter of GUILLAUME Crespin Seigneur de Bec-Crespin, de Livarot, d’Etrepagny et de Dangut & his wife Eve d’Harcourt Dame de Lisors. La Roque records her parentage and marriage[1388]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified.

3. HENRI de Neufbourg (-18 May 1279, bur Bec). La Roque names Henri as son of Robert de Neufbourg and his wife Isabelle Crespin, noting that during the lifetime of his father Henri donated property to Bec for “son ame et de celle d’Isabelle sa femme” by charter dated 1228[1389]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified. An epitaph at Bec records the burial of “Henri de Nuefbourg chevalier” who died 18 May 1279[1390]. La Roque identifies him as the son of Robert de Neufbourg, but the chronology appears stretched assuming that Henri married before 1228[1391]. m ([before 1228]) ISABELLE Malet, daughter of [GUILLAUME [III] Malet Seigneur de Graville & his wife Philippa d’Alençon]. La Roque records that Isabelle, daughter of “Robert [error for Guillaume?] Malet sire de Graville, qui vivoit l’an 1215 et de sa femme, “Dame de Sées, de Bernay le Bois et de Teuville...fille de Robert Comte d’Alençon”[1392]. La Roque notes that he husband donated property to Bec for “son ame et de celle d’Isabelle sa femme” by charter dated 1228[1393]. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified.

4. ROBERT de Neufbourg (-Gascony 28 Jan 1287, bur Bec). An epitaph at Bec records the burial of “Robert de Noefbourg” who died in Gascony 28 Jan 1287 (O.S.)[1394].

5. HENRI de Neufbourg (-9 Nov 1329, bur Bec). An epitaph at Bec records the burial of “Henri de Noefbourg chevalier” who died 9 Nov 1329[1395].

6. ROBERT de Neufbourg (-before 1332). Seigneur de Livarot. m JEANNE Mauvoisin, daughter of --- (-1332, bur Bec). An epitaph at Bec records the burial of “Iehanne de Mauvoisin dame de Livarrout iadis fame de...Robert de Noefbourg chevalier sire de Livarrout” who died 1332[1396].

The following Neufbourg/Newburgh family group was later associated with Biden abbey in Dorset. The primary sources which confirm their connection with the main Neufbourg family, as well as their relationships with each other, have not been identified but suggestions about possible family relationships are made below.

1. ROBERT [IV] de Neufbourg (-after [1157/58]). He held Winfrith-Newburgh, Dorset in the time of King Henry I: the Testa de Nevill records in 1212 that "Robertus de Novo Burgo" held "manerium de Winford..." and other properties which “antecessores predicti Roberti” held “a tempore Regis Henrici primi per...servicium camerarii”[1397]. He was granted two fees at Wollaston, Northamptonshire after [1128]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Rob de Novo burgo" as a pledge in Warwickshire[1398]. The 1155/56 Pipe Roll records "Rob de Novo burgo" in Northamptonshire[1399]. The Pipe Rolls 1157/58 record “Rob de Novoburgo” among “Nova Placita et Nove Conventiones” in Gloucestershire[1400]. From a chronological point of view, this person could have been Robert [I] de Neufbourg, who is shown above, which is also consistent with his last appearance in the Pipe Rolls.

2. HENRI [III] de Neufbourg (-after [1165]). The Pipe Rolls 1164/65 record “Henr de Novo burg” among “Nova Placita et Nove Conventiones” in Northamptonshire[1401]. Domesday Descendants records that Henry held the honour of Chokes, Wollaston, Northamptonshire in 1165, suggesting that he was probably the son of Robert [IV] who is named above[1402]. The date would be consistent with his being the son and successor of Robert [IV], and the same person as Henri [II] de Neufbourg. The delay following the date on which Robert [IV] is recorded in Northamptonshire (see above) could be explained by Henri [III] being primarily based in Normandy (like Henri [II]) and only entering into possession of English lands at a convenient time not necessarily immediately following his father’s death.

3. ROGER de Newburgh (-before 1200). Domesday Descendants records that Roger held the honour of Chokes, Wollaston, Northamptonshire in 1166, indicating that he was probably the son of Henry, as well as Gessick and Almer in Dorset[1403]. The connection with Chokes, Wollaston indicates a family relationship with Henri [III] de Neufbourg who is shown above. However, Roger’s marriage date suggests that he may have been Henri [III]’s brother rather than his son, to whom English properties devolved after Henri (assuming that he was the same person as Henri [II] de Neubourg) centred his operations in Normandy. The Victoria County History of Dorset indicates that “Roger de Newburgh and Maud his wife” founded Bindon abbey in Dorset in 1172, donating land in Lulworth, Borton, Nottington, Chaldon and Woolaston[1404]. A charter of Henry III King of England, dated 14 Apr 1234 recalls the donation of land “in Lolleworth” made to Bindon by “Rogeri de Novo-burgo et Matildis uxoris eius”[1405]. m (before 1172) MATILDA, daughter of ROBERT of Glastonbury & his wife ---. Domesday Descendants records that she and her husband refounded the abbey of Bindon, Dorset originally founded by her paternal grandfather[1406]. A charter of Henry III King of England, dated 14 Apr 1234 recalls the donation of land “in Lolleworth” made to Bindon by “Rogeri de Novo-burgo et Matildis uxoris eius”[1407].

4. ROBERT [V] de Newburgh (-after 1223). The Testa de Nevill records in 1212 that "Robertus de Novo Burgo" held "manerium de Winford..." and other properties which “antecessores predicti Roberti” held “a tempore Regis Henrici primi per...servicium camerarii”[1408]. The chronology suggests that Robert [V] was the son of Roger de Newburgh. A charter of Henry III King of England, dated 3 Jun 1234 recalls the donation of “boscum de Stotwode...partem bosci de Hamstede...Storfalda...Pulham...molendinum de Lolleworth” made to Bindon by “Roberti de Novo-burgo”[1409]. “Robertus de Novoburgo” donated “manerium meum de Wolaveston” to Bindon by undated charter[1410]. The 1223 Pipe Roll records “De scutagio Pictavie...de scutagio de Biham...de Oblatis...Robertus de Novo burgo” in Dorset and “in Herdecot” in Dorset/Somerset[1411].

5. HENRY de Newburgh (-before Aug 1272). A charter of Henry III King of England, dated 18 Aug 1272 confirmed that “Henricus de Novo-Burgo quondam patronus et advocatus abbathiæ de Bynedon” granted the right to appoint their advocate to Bindon[1412]. Henry’s parentage is not specified, but his connection with Bindon suggests that he may have been the son or grandson of Robert [V] de Newburgh.

H. SEIGNEURS de SACQUENVILLE

Sacquenville is situated about 5 kilometres north-west of Evreux in the present-day French département of Eure, arrondissement Evreux, canton Evreux-Nord. Bertrandy-Lacabane suggests that the name indicates a connection with the Sackville family who were Earls of Dorset from the early 17th century[1413]. Another possibility is that the Sackvilles were connected with Sauqueville, near Offranville[1414]: Orderic Vitalis records the “Sauqueville” family in two places, firstly noting that, after he married “Aviciam Herbranni de Salchevilla filiam”, “Gualterius” [Gauthier d’Auffay, see NORMANDY NOBILITY-ARQUES, AUMÂLE, CAUX] further confirmed his father’s donation to Ouche Saint-Evroul and added “decimam...teleonei de Alfagio”[1415], and secondly that “Aviciam, Herbranni filiam” had “tres fratres...milites: Jordanum et Guillelmum atque Rodbertum” who helped her husband maintain his property, that she and her husband had “filios et filias numero xii...quorum majorem partem immatura mors in infantia”, and that she died “VIII Kal Feb” after 15 years of marriage[1416].

1. GUILLAUME de Sacquenville (-after 4 Dec 1087). "Guilelmus dux et comes Ebroacensis civitatis" confirmed that “miles...Guilelmus Sachenville” donated “tertiam partem totius decime Torville” to Jumièges, and chose burial there because “quendam filium suum...Guillelmum” had been a monk at Jumièges, by charter dated 4 Dec 1087[1417]. m ---. The name of Guillaume’s wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME de Sacquenville (-before 1087). Monk at Jumièges. He is named, presumably deceased at the time, in his father’s 4 Dec 1087 charter quoted above.

Collins’s Peerage identifies the following William de Sackville as the second son of Herbrand de Sauqueville, who was recorded by Orderic Vitalis as noted in the introduction to the present section[1418]. Collins also shows William’s three daughters (no source citations) and notes that the later Sackville family descended from Robert, third son of Herbrand. The primary sources which confirm this information have not been identified.

1. WILLIAM de Sackville . He is named in the lawsuit involving his marriages, cited below. m firstly (repudiated, resumed cohabitation) as her first husband, ALBREDA de Tresgoz, daughter of --- (-after 1155). Bigelow summarises a lawsuit brought by "Ricardus de Aneste" relating to the inheritance of "Willielmi [de Sackville] avunculi mei", recording that the latter had been betrothed to "Gaufridum de Tresgos…Albredam sororem eius", that he married "Adeliza daughter of vicecomes Aufred", that the Pope declared that second marriage void because the earlier betrothal agreement with Albreda had constituted a marriage, and that William had returned to live with his first wife until he died[1419]. She married secondly (before 1155) Robert de Beseville. m secondly (annulled) ADELISE, daughter of AUFROI Vicomte & his wife ---. She is named in the charter cited above under William’s first wife.

The following person has not been identified, apart from as the father of his two sons shown below.

1. --- de Sacquenville (-before 1176). m ISABELLE des Bottereaux, daughter of --- (-after 1176). She is named in the 1176 charter quoted below. Two children:

a) ROBERT de Sacquenville (-[1176/94], bur Lyre). “Robertus de Sacenvilla et Isabel mater mea de Boterellis et uxor et filii mei” freed certain lands “in feodo de Boterellis” of Notre-Dame de la Trappe from duties by charter dated 1176, witnessed by “Symone fratre meo...”[1420]. Robert presumably died before 1194, the date of his supposed son’s charter quoted below. His place of burial is confirmed by his wife’s [1200] charter cited below. m EMMA de la Cressonière, daughter of --- (-after 1176). She is mentioned but not named in her husband’s 1176 charter. A charter dated to [1200] records that “Emma veuve de Robert de Sacquenville” donated revenue from “la prévôté de la Neuve-Lyre” to Lyre, for the souls “dudit Robert de Sacquenville et de Jean de Sacquenville son fils” both buried at Lyre[1421]. Her family name is confirmed by the following document: Luc Bishop of Evreux confirmed donations to Lyre, including the donation of “viginti solidos in prefectura mea de Lyra” made by “Emme de Cressoneria”, by charter dated 1209[1422]. Luc Bishop of Evreux confirmed donations to Lyre, including the donation of property “in feodo de Boterellis” made by “Johannis de Sakenwilla” and “vinginti solidis in prepositura de Nova Lira” made by “Emme matris eiusdem Johannis”, by charter dated to [16 Feb 1203/31 Jan 1220][1423]. Robert & his wife had two children:

i) JEAN de Sacquenville (-[1194/1200], bur Lyre). His parentage is confirmed by his mother’s [1200] charter cited above. “Johannes de Saquenvilla et Gillo frater meus et Eufemia uxor mea” freed certain lands “in feodo de Boterellis” [same as in the 1176 charter quoted above] of Notre-Dame de la Trappe from duties by charter dated 1194[1424]. “Willelmus de Abernon et Juliana uxor mea” donated land “juxta grangiam de Gastina” to Notre-Dame de la Trappe, with the consent of “liberi nostri...Johannes, Nicholaus, Willelmus, Dionisia, Eufemia, Ada”, by undated charter, witnessed by “Johannes de Sacenvilla dominus feodi”[1425]. Garin Bishop of Evreux confirmed donations to Lyre made by “Jean de Sacquenville”, including “l’église des Bottereaux...”, by charter dated to [1193/16 Aug 1201][1426]. A summary of the history of Granchain records that the town was part of the “domaine de Jean de Sacquenville” in 1199[1427]. The primary source on which this statement is based has not been identified, not any indication how Jean de Sacquenville may have acquired the fief. An undated charter confirms donations to Lyons-la-Forêt, including the donation made by “Jean de Sacquenville et Emma sa mère”[1428]. Jean’s place of burial is confirmed by his mother’s [1200] charter cited above. Luc Bishop of Evreux confirmed donations to Lyre, including the donation of “viginti solidatas apud Boterellos” made by “Johannis de Sakenvilla”, by charter dated 1209[1429]. Luc Bishop of Evreux confirmed donations to Lyre, including the donation of property “in feodo de Boterellis” made by “Johannis de Sakenwilla” and “vinginti solidis in prepositura de Nova Lira” made by “Emme matris eiusdem Johannis”, by charter dated to [16 Feb 1203/31 Jan 1220][1430]. m (before 1194) EUPHEMIE, daughter of --- (-after 1206). She is named in her husband’s 1194 charter. Maybe she was the same Euphémie who was named as one of the daughters of the donors in the undated charter quoted above. The seal of “Eufemia de Saquenville” is attached to a charter (in England) dated 1206[1431].

ii) GILLES de Sacquenville (-after 1227). “Johannes de Saquenvilla et Gillo frater meus et Eufemia uxor mea” freed certain lands “in feodo de Boterellis” [same as in the 1176 charter quoted above] of Notre-Dame de la Trappe from duties by charter dated 1194[1432]. Seigneur des Bottereaux: “Gilles de Sacquenville seigneur des Bottereaux” issued a charter dated 1227[1433].

b) SIMON de Sacquenville (-after 1176). He witnessed the 1176 charter of his brother Robert quoted above.

The relationships between the following persons and the earlier Sacquenville families have not been traced.

1. GUILLAUME de Sacquenville (-after 1226). Seigneur de Sacquenville. A charter dated Oct 1220 records that “Ebroicensis…concanonicus…Willelmus Bole” had acquired “jus patronatus Sancti Clari de Derchaio” [Saint-Clair-d’Arcey] from “Willelmo domino de Saquenvilla” and subsequent related events[1434]. “Guillaume de Sacquenville” donated property to La Selle by charter dated 1222[1435]. “Guillaume de Sacquenville et Jean de Sacquenville son fils” donated property to Saint-Nicolas de Capelles and Lyre by charter dated 1226[1436]. m ---. The name of Guillaume’s wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) JEAN de Sacquenville (-after 1226). “Guillaume de Sacquenville et Jean de Sacquenville son fils” donated property to Saint-Nicolas de Capelles and Lyre by charter dated 1226[1437].

2. GUILLAUME de Sacquenville (-after 1267). Guillaume de Sacquenville relinquished rights over Sainte-Colombe and Semerville in favour of the Templars by charter dated 1246 (no source cited)[1438]. “Guillaume de Sacquenville” confirmed a sale of property to Evreux made by Jean de Condé by charter dated Nov 1249[1439]. “Guillelmus de Sacquenvilla miles” donated property to the Templars at Ribemont by charter dated Apr 1260, with his seal displaying his arms[1440]. Seigneur de Sacquenville. “Guillaume seigneur de Sacquenville chevalier” donated property to Lyre “en considération de son départ projeté pour la Sicile et la Terre-Sainte” by charter dated 1267[1441].

3. ROBERT de Sacquenville (-after 17 Jan 1295). “Robertus de Saqueuvilla miles”, in a dispute with the Templars in Normandy, acknowledged his inability to work land near Sacquenville dedicated to common pasture, by charter dated 1294[1442]. The seal of “Roberti de Sacqvevinvil ---itis”, bearing his arms (broadly similar to those on the seal attached to the Apr 1260 charter cited above) is attached to a charter dated 1294, presumably the same one[1443]. “Robert de Saquenville chevalier” notified his agreement with the Templars of Saint-Eienne de la Campagne (de Renneville) by charter dated 17 Jan 1295[1444].

The primary sources which confirm the relationships between the following individuals and the main Sacquenville family have not been identified. No records have been found between the last mention of Robert de Sacquenville in 1295 and Pierre de Sacquenville (see below). Isabelle and Eléonore may have belonged to this missing generation.

1. ISABELLE de Sacquenville (-before 1346). Her family origin and second marriage are confirmed by the following document: Charles Duke of Normandy [the future Charles V King of France] granted property “qui jadis furent de Ieanne de Dreux tante dudit chevalier et jadis fille de feu messire Robert de Dreux seigneur de Beu chevalier et d’Ysabeau de Saquainville sa femme”, which should otherwise have been inherited on her death by “Pierre de Saquainville chevalier” without his forfeiture, to “Robert de Dreux seigneur de Baignaux” by charter dated 19 Sep 1358[1445]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not been identified. Dame de Saquenville. m firstly PIERRE de Léon, son of ---. m secondly (before 19 Nov 1328) as his second wife, ROBERT [III] de Dreux Seigneur de Bû, son of ROBERT [II] de Dreux Seigneur de Bû & his first wife Beatrix --- (-1351).

2. ELEONORE [Jeanne?] de Sacquenville (-[1 Dec 1367/8 Jan 1368?]). La Roque says that “Raul de Harcourt II du nom Sire de Charentonne“ married “Jeanne de Saquainville Dame de Saquainville”, citing in a later passage “[les] Memoires de Mr de Longueil des Chenets”[1446]. The following document suggests that Raoul’s wife was named Eléonore: a charter dated 1 Dec 1367 records the allegiance of “Liénor de Sacquenville dame de Victot et de Sarcelles” and another dated 8 Jan 1367 (O.S.) that of “Jean de Harcourt seigneur de Charentonne et de Sarcelles”, both relating to Sarcelles[1447]. The common reference to Harcourt/Charentonne suggests that “Eléonore” was the same person as Anselme’s “Jeanne”. If that is correct, Jean d’Harcourt/Charentonne was her son which would explain the transmission of Sarcelles. That transmission also suggests that Eléonore died before the date on which Jean was named. If Anselme was partially is correct, it is unlikely that “Jeanne/Eléonore” was “dame de Saquenville” in her own right, considering that Marguerite, daughter of Pierre de Saquenville, is later described as such (see below) and that no reference has been found to Jeanne/Eléonore’s supposed Harcourt children inheriting any interest in Saquenville. No reliable reference has been found which indicates the basis of Eléonore’s interest in Sarcelles and Victot, whether by marriage or inheritance. m RAOUL [II] d’Harcourt Seigneur de Charentonne, son of RAOUL [I] d’Harcourt Seigneur de Charentonne & his wife --- (-after 1381).]

The primary source which confirms the parentage of Pierre de Sacquenville has not been identified. His daughter Marguerite is named “dame de Sacquenville”, which suggests that her father belonged to the senior branch of the family.

1. PIERRE de Sacquenville (-executed Rouen after 16 May 1364). Charles Duke of Normandy [the future Charles V King of France] granted property “qui jadis furent de Ieanne de Dreux tante dudit chevalier et jadis fille de feu messire Robert de Dreux seigneur de Beu chevalier et d’Ysabeau de Saquainville sa femme”, which should otherwise have been inherited on her death by “Pierre de Saquainville chevalier” without his forfeiture, to “Robert de Dreux seigneur de Baignaux” by charter dated 19 Sep 1358[1448]. Pierre de Saquenville participated in the assassination of Charles d’Espagne [de la Cerda] Connétable de France in 1354, was captured 16 May 1364 during the French/Navarrese war at Cocherel, and executed at Rouen[1449]. m JEANNE des Landes, daughter of --- (-[1378/92]). Charon notes her family origin and marriage, her mention in the 1372 testament of Jeanne de Valois Queen of Navarre, her return to Normandy in 1373, and her receiving payments in 1378[1450]. The testament of Carlos II King of Navarre, dated 30 Nov 1376, made specific bequests rewarding past services to “...aux filles de feu messire Pierre de Saqueville...la dame de Saquenville leur mere...”[1451]. She died before 29 Jan 1393, the date of documents cited below relating to her succession. Pierre & his wife had [three or more] children :

a) [two or more] daughters . The testament of Carlos II King of Navarre, dated 30 Nov 1376, made specific bequests rewarding past services to “Robert de Picquigny...Jehan, Regnault et Mahieu ses freres, enfans de feu messire Jehan de Pinquegny...aux filles de feu messire Pierre de Saqueville...la dame de Saquenville leur mere...”[1452]. Presumably these are the same daughters who are named below.

b) MARGUERITE de Sacquenville (-after 29 Jan 1393). Dame de Sacquenville. La Roque (citing “Les Eschiquiers de Normandie des années 1379, 1390 et 1391”) records the legal action brought by “dame Marguerite de Saquainville dame de Saquainville, de S. Germain des Angles et de Percy“ against “Ion Sire de Garencieres et madame Marie Bertran sa femme...Guillaume Paisnel chevalier seigneur de Hambie et...damoiselle Jeanne du Fay veuve de feu Jean Morin escuyer, Jean Bauffes n’agueres bailly d’Evreux” relating to revenue from “le moulin de Saquainville”, and her dispute with “Jacques de Montmorency chevalier seigneur de Montmorency et de Danville”[1453]. Documents dated 29 Jan 1393 (N.S.) relating to the succession of “Jehanne de Landes jadis femme de...Pierre de Sacquainville chevalier seigneur du lieu”, record an agreement between “Marguerite de Sacquainville et...Robert de Gaillon chevalier seigneur de Grolè, nepveu d’icelle dame de Sacquainville, et...Alain de Malestrait chevalier de Oudan et madame Ysabel de Sacquainville sa femme à cause d’elle”[1454].

c) --- de Sacquenville (-before 29 Jan 1393). Her family origin and marriage are confirmed by the 29 Jan 1393 charter cited above, which names her son which presumably indicates that his mother was deceased at the time. m --- de Gaillon Seigneur de Grolé, son of ---.

d) ISABELLE de Sacquenville (-after 29 Jan 1393). Her family origin and marriage are recorded in the 29 Jan 1393 charter cited above. m ALAIN de Malestroit de Houdan, son of ---.

The primary source which confirms the parentage of the following Guillaume de Sacquenville has not been identified. None of his descendants are recorded as seigneur de Sacquenville, which suggests that Guillaume belonged to a junior branch of the family.

1. GUILLAUME de Sacquenville (-before 1329). Seigneur de Blaru. “Guillaume de Kehaignies (Cahagnes) écuyer” sold land “à Cahagnes” to “Guillaume de Blaru écuyer”, by undated charter[1455]. Bertrandy-Lacabane dates this document to 1310[1456]. m AGNES de la Roche, daughter of --- (-after 2 May 1332). “Guy seigneur de La Roche et Aeles sa femme dame de ce lieu” agreed the marriage of “Ydoinne leur fille...avec Guillaume de Doncelle écuyer fils aîné et héritier de Guillaume de Doncelle chevalier sire de Régny”, by undated charter[1457]. An undated charter records the agreement for the dower of “Agnès de La Roche veuve de Guillaume de Saquainville seigneur de Blaru”, made by “autre Guillaume de Saquainville chevalier seigneur de Blaru leur fils”[1458]. Bertrandy-Lacabane dates this document to 2 May 1332 and indicates that the dower included “le manoir de Blaru” (not specified in the extract quoted above), suggesting that this mention indicates that Agnès brought Blaru to the Sacquenville family[1459]. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME de Sacquenville (-after 1365). Seigneur de Blaru. Jean de Mathean sold property “tenus en fief de Guillaume Saquet de Saquenville sire de Blaru” to “Pierre de Blaru” by charter dated 1329[1460]. An undated charter records the agreement for the dower of “Agnès de La Roche veuve de Guillaume de Saquainville seigneur de Blaru”, made by “autre Guillaume de Saquainville chevalier seigneur de Blaru leur fils”[1461]. Bertrandy-Lacabane dates this document to 2 May 1332 and indicates that his revenue included items due annually from “les héritiers de Pierre de Saquenville” (not specified in the extract quoted above)[1462]. He is named in the 1365 charter quoted below under his second wife. m firstly ---. The name of Guillaume’s first wife is not known. m secondly PERRONELLE, daughter of --- (-after 1365). Bertrandy-Lacabane names “Perronnelle de Comaing” as Guillaume’s [second] wife (no source cited)[1463]. Her name, but not her family origin, is confirmed by the following document: a charter dated 1365 records revenue granted by “Guillaume de Saquainville sire de Blarru chevalier et par Perronnelle sa femme” for the marriage of “Marguerite leur fille avec Jehan de Tilly chevalier sire de Chambay”[1464]. Guillaume & his first wife had two children:

i) ELEONORE de Sacquenville . Bertrandy-Lacabane records her parentage and marriage, naming her daughter “Jeanne de Franqueville”, her husband “Godefroy de Bigards”, and the couple’s four daughters “Guillemette, Jeannette, Indette et Mariette”, in favour of whom their father obtained concessions from Jean de Sacquenville by charter dated 23 Nov 1397, confirmed 2 Nov 1408, in a later passage naming the husbands of three of the sisters[1465]. m (contract 1353) WALLON le Vicomte, son of ROBERT le Vicomte Seigneur du Mesnil-Vicomte & his wife ---.

ii) JEANNE de Sacquenville . Bertrandy-Lacabane records her parentage and marriage, naming her daughter “Jeanne Dillon” who married Yvon de Garencières whose children disputed the Tilly succession to the Sacquenville family, a dispute which was finally settled by charter dated 8 Nov 1458[1466]. m ROBERT Dillon, son of ---.

Guillaume & his second wife had two children:

iii) JEAN de Sacquenville (-after 6 Aug 1417). Seigneur de Blaru. “Amaury Mauvoisin de Rosny” granted “600 arpents de bois dans la forêt de Chevry” to “Jean de Saquainville dit Saquet chevalier seigneur de Blaru et Yde de Beausart sa femme nièce dudit Amaury”, by undated charter[1467]. Bertrandy-Lacabane dates this document to 1394[1468]. “Jean de Saquainville dit Saquet chevalier chambellan du Roi et Yde de Beausart sa femme, seigneur et dame de Blaru” and “Jean d’Ivry chevalier chambellan du Roi et Yde de Saquainville sa femme, seigneur et dame de Rosny” acknowledged the conditions of the marriage contract of the latter dated 7 Jun 1402[1469]. Bertrandy-Lacabane dates the acknowledgement to 13 Apr 1409[1470]. Bertrandy-Lacabane records charters dated 8 Jul 1417 and 6 Aug 1417 relating to Jean’s seizure of “le fief de Romans”[1471]. m firstly ---. This first marriage is indicated because Jean de Saquenville’s son Jean, shown below, did not inherit Rosny which passed from Jean’s known wife Ide de Beaussart to her daughter (see below) suggesting that she was not the mother of Jean junior. m secondly IDE de Beaussart, daughter of ROBERT de Beaussart Seigneur de Wingles, Connétable de Flandre & his wife Laure Mauvoisin (-after 13 Apr 1409). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage[1472]. Béatrix Dame de Hondschote agreed the succession of their father with “madame Ide de Beaussart sa sœur” [suggesting that Ide was the older sister] by charter dated 3 Sep 1375[1473]. “Pierre Mauvoisin de Rosny archidiacre de Brie...et Amaury Mauvoisin de Rosny frères” granted rights “en...la ville...de Freneuze et en la forêt de Chevrie” to “Jean de Saquainville dit Saquet chevalier seigneur de Blaru chambellan du Roi et du duc d’Orléans et à Yde de Beausart sa femme, nièce desdits frères de Rosny”, by undated charter[1474]. Bertrandy-Lacabane dates this document to 1394[1475]. Dame de Rosny: “Béatrix d’Harcourt, autorisée par son mari Jean d’Ivry chevalier” granted “le chastel, ville et seignorie de Rosny [lui] appartenant...de son propre héritage” to “Ide de Beausart sa cousine germaine femme de Jean de Saquenville” by charter dated 10 Oct 1396[1476]. “Pierre Mauvoisin de Rosny archidiacre de Brie...et Amaury Mauvoisin de Rosny frères” granted rights “en...la ville...de Freneuze et en la forêt de Chevrie” to “Jean de Saquainville dit Saquet chevalier seigneur de Blaru chambellan du Roi et du duc d’Orléans et à Yde de Beausart sa femme, nièce desdits frères de Rosny”, by undated charter[1477]. “Jean de Saquainville dit Saquet chevalier chambellan du Roi et Yde de Beausart sa femme, seigneur et dame de Blaru” and “Jean d’Ivry chevalier chambellan du Roi et Yde de Saquainville sa femme, seigneur et dame de Rosny” acknowledged the conditions of the marriage contract of the latter dated 7 Jun 1402[1478]. Bertrandy-Lacabane dates the acknowledgement to 13 Apr 1409[1479]. Jean & his first wife had one child:

(1) JEAN de Sacquenville (-[killed in battle Azincourt 25 Oct 1415?]). Seigneur du Trait. “Sacquet de Blarru chevalier seigneur du Trait, chambellan du roi” is named in a charter dated 7 Apr 1415[1480]. A charter dated 19 Oct 1714 records various matters, including a list of properties within “[le] fief des Romans è Heubecourt” made “au nom...de Jean de Sacquainville chevalier seigneur de Blaru”, details of a subsequent lawsuit which was suspended “pour le fait de la bataille d’Asincourt” and particularly for not knowing whether “nostre...chevalier et chambellan, Sacquet de Blaru, son filz, qui a esté à la dite bataille, est mort ou vif”, dated 18 Jul 1414 [incorrect date][1481]. Bertrandy-Lacabane indicates that the year is 1416[1482]. He is named Jean in the 15 May 1451 charter cited below, which also suggest that he survived Azincourt. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Jean’s wife has not been found. Jean & his wife had one child:

(a) --- de Sacquenville . Bertrandy-Lacabane records his father’s testament which refers to his son[1483].

Jean & his second wife had one child:

(2) IDE de Sacquenville (-after 21 Oct 1432). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage[1484]. Dame de Rosny: Thomas states that she succeeded her Harcourt cousins in Rosny[1485]. “Jean de Saquainville dit Saquet chevalier chambellan du Roi et Yde de Beausart sa femme, seigneur et dame de Blaru” and “Jean d’Ivry chevalier chambellan du Roi et Yde de Saquainville sa femme, seigneur et dame de Rosny” acknowledged the conditions of the marriage contract of the latter dated 7 Jun 1402[1486]. Bertrandy-Lacabane dates the acknowledgement to 13 Apr 1409[1487]. Bertrandy-Lacabane indicates that the original document names “Ide de Saquenville dame de Fauguernon”, concluding that she was a widow at the time and that the property came from her first husband[1488]. Thomas records that “Jehan d’Ivry, seigneur de Rosny du chef de sa femme Ide de Sacquainville dame de Rosny” was killed at Agincourt[1489]. Thomas quotes a manuscript which records that “messire Jean d’Ivry et madame Ide de Rosny sa femme” occupied “ladite terre de Rony...jusques à la bataille d’Azincourt”, at which “ledit d’Ivry” died childless, while his wife remained at Rosny until “les Anglois vinrent à Mante...ardirent le castel...ostèrent à ladite dame sadite terre de Rony”[1490]. Ide declared herself “prochaine héritière du seigneur du Trait”, performing one of the obligations under his testament, by charter dated 21 Oct 1432[1491]. Rosny eventually passed to her cousin Jean [IV] Vicomte de Melun, Burggraaf van Gent. m firstly --- Seigneur de Fauguernon, son of --- (-before 1402). m secondly (contract Vernon-sur-Seine 7 Jun 1402) as his second wife, JEAN d’Ivry, son of GUILLAUME Baron d’Ivry & his wife Marie de Montmorency (-killed in battle Azincourt 25 Oct 1415).

iv) MARGUERITE de Sacquenville . A charter dated 1365 records revenue granted by “Guillaume de Saquainville sire de Blarru chevalier et par Perronnelle sa femme” for the marriage of “Marguerite leur fille avec Jehan de Tilly chevalier sire de Chambay”[1492]. Bertrandy-Lacabane records her parentage and marriage, names her son “Jean de Tilly” and grandchildren “Guillaume de Tilly...[et ses] trois frères et une sœur” (no source cited)[1493]. m ([1365]) JEAN de Tilly Seigneur de Chambois, son of --- (-after 1383).

I. SEIGNEURS de TOSNY

1. MALAHULC . His family origin is confirmed by Guillaume of Jumièges who names “Rogerius Toenites de stirpe Malahulcii qui Rollonis ducis patruus fuerat”[1494], suggesting that Malahulc was ancestor of the later Tosny family. Orderic Vitalis (writing in [1113]) names Malahulc as an uncle of Rollo and ancestor of the Tosny family[1495]. He is not mentioned in the Sagas.

1. HUGUES de Calvacamp, son of --- . He is named only in the Acta Archiepiscorum Rothomagensium which names his son "Radulfo…filio Hugonis de Calvacamp"[1496]. No source has been found which names him in his own capacity. Guillaume of Jumièges names [his great-grandson] “Rogerius Toenites de stirpe Malahulcii qui Rollonis ducis patruus fuerat”[1497], which suggests that Malahulc was the ancestor of Hugues de Calvacamp, Hugues’s wife, or the wife of Raoul [I] de Tosny. m ---. The name of Hugues's wife is not known. Guillaume of Jumièges names [his great-grandson] “Rogerius Toenites de stirpe Malahulcii qui Rollonis ducis patruus fuerat”[1498], which suggests that Malahulc was the ancestor of Hugues de Calvacamp, Hugues’s wife, or the wife of Raoul [I] de Tosny. Hugues & his wife had two children:

a) RAOUL [I] (-after 1 May 991). The Acta Archiepiscorum Rothomagensium record that "Hugo" archbishop of Rouen granted "Todiniacum…in dominicatu archiepiscopi" to "fratri suo Radulfo…filio Hugonis de Calvacamp"[1499]. m ---. The name of Raoul's wife is not known. Guillaume of Jumièges names [his great-grandson] “Rogerius Toenites de stirpe Malahulcii qui Rollonis ducis patruus fuerat”[1500], which suggests that Malahulc was the ancestor of Hugues de Calvacamp, Hugues’s wife, or the wife of Raoul [I] de Tosny. Raoul & his wife had one child:

i) RAOUL [II] de Tosny . "…Rodulphi filii Rodulphi de Todeniaco…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Richardus…Normannorum comes" confirmed property of Lisieux[1501].

- see below.

b) HUGUES (-10 Nov [989/90]). Monk at Saint-Denis before 942. Archbishop of Rouen 942. The Acta Archiepiscorum Rothomagensium record that "Willelmus filius Rollonis dux Normannorum" appointed "Hugo…monachus apud sanctum Dyonisium" as archbishop of Rouen, adding that he was "prosapia clarus, sed ignobilis cunctis operibus", had "filios…quamplures", and granted "Todiniacum…in dominicatu archiepiscopi" to "fratri suo Radulfo…filio Hugonis de Calvacamp"[1502]. The dates of his appointment and death are ascertained from Orderic Vitalis who records the death of his predecessor in 942, and that Hugues held the position for 47 years[1503]. Gallia Christiana records the death "IV Id Nov" of "Hugonis archiepiscopi"[1504]. [m ---.] Hugues [& his wife] had children:

i) children . Their existence is confirmed by the Acta Archiepiscorum Rothomagensium which record that "Hugo…monachus apud sanctum Dyonisium" had "filios…quamplures"[1505]. Their is no indication of their number, their names or the identity of their mother(s).

RAOUL [II] de Tosny, son of RAOUL [I] [de Tosny] & his wife --- . "…Rodulphi filii Rodulphi de Todeniaco…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Richardus…Normannorum comes" confirmed property of Lisieux[1506]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Duke Richard appointed “Nigellum Constantinensem atque Rodulfum Toennensem et Rogerium filium eiusdem” as custodians of “castrum Tegulense” (Tillières {Verneuil, Eure}), which he had built to protect against attack by Eudes [II] Comte de Blois (so dated to after 1004)[1507]. [The Chronico S Petri Vivi Senonensi records that, after his son "Rotgerius" was killed in Normandy, “Rodulfus...pater eius” left for Jerusalem “per limina apostolorum et per Apuliam”, where “princeps qui totam Apuliam tenebat” [maybe Melus, whose death is recorded in 1020, which is inconsistent with the chronology of the life of Raoul’s supposed son Roger, as shown below] whom the Greeks wished to expel (“quem Greci de principatu suo eicere volebant”) requested him to abandon his pilgrimage to fight with him “usque in hodiernum diem manserunt ibi Normanni”[1508]. How far this passage is factual is uncertain. It is possible that there is confusion with the expedition to Apulia led by Rainulf “Drengot” and his brothers (one of whom was named Rodolphe/Raoul): the Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records that "Giselbertus…qui et Buttericus…[cum] quatuor fratribus suis, Rainulfo, Asclittino, Osmundo, atque Rodulfo" arrived in Capua (after Gilbert was banished from Normandy) where they joined "Melus", dated to [1015/16] from the context[1509]. Rodulfus Glaber records that "a very brave Norman called Rodulf incurred the anger of Count Richard [Richard II Comte de Normandie]" and fled to Italy, where he met Pope Benedict VIII (Pope from 1012 to 1024), fought the Greeks, and visited Emperor Heinrich II[1510]. It appears more probable that Glaber is referring to Rodolphe, brother of Rainulf “Drengot”, rather than Raoul [II] de Tosny, although the question is not beyond doubt. There is little basis for dating the events, except a reference to Rodolfe being received "joyfully" by Count Richard in Normandy the year before the death of the Emperor (1024). Chalandon suggests that meeting with the emperor must have taken place in Germany after Rodolphe accompanied Melus there after his defeat in southern Italy, dated to 1017[1511].]

m ---. The name of Raoul's wife is not known.

Raoul [II] & his wife had one child:

1. ROGER [I] de Tosny ([990]-killed in battle [before 17 Jun] [1040]). His parentage is confirmed by Guillaume of Jumièges who records that Richard II Duke of Normandy appointed “Nigellum Constantinensem atque Rodulfum Toennensem et Rogerium filium eiusdem” as custodians of “castrum Tegulense” (Tillières {Verneuil, Eure}), which the duke had built to protect against attack by Eudes [II] Comte de Blois (so dated to after 1004)[1512]. Roger [I] de Tosny spent time in Spain, returned to Normandy, and was killed in rebellion against Guillaume II Duke of Normandy. The precise chronology of these events is uncertain given the contradictions in the different primary sources as we shall see. Two sources record Roger in Spain in [1017/20]. Firstly, the Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes (written before [1034]) records that "Normanni, duce Rotgerio" (presumably identifiable as Roger [I], although he never bore the ducal or even comital title), who had been fighting Saracens in Spain, asked "comitissa Barzelonensi Ermensende…vidua" for the hand of her (unnamed) daughter[1513]. This episode is dated to [1017/20], when Ermesinde was acting for her son Berenguer Ramon I “el Curvo” Comte de Barcelona during his minority. In addition, the other events recorded by Adémar in the same paragraph, all relate to 1016/18. Secondly, the early 12th century Chronicon S Petri Vivi Senonensis records, in a section headed 1015 but whose coverage extends into later years, that "Rotgerius filius Rodulfi comitis" left Normandy with an army for Spain (“de Normannia perrexit cum exercitu in Hispaniam”) where he captured “civitates et castella...Tarraconam [Tarragona] et Gerundam [Girona]”, married “sororem Raymundi Berengerii Stephaniam”[1514]. The Chronicon S Petri Vivi Senonensis records that "Rotgerius filius Rodulfi comitis" lived in Spain “cum uxore et exercitu suo per 15 annos” before returning “ad patrem suum in Normanniam” (having left “20 viris et uxore et omnibus quæ possidebant” in Spain) to make peace “cum duce Richardo”[1515]. “Duce Richardo” was either Duke Richard II or Duke Richard III, but assuming that the Chronicon’s report is accurate (which is not without doubt) Roger [I]’s return from Spain to Normandy must be dated to before Aug 1027, when Duke Richard III died. Roger’s presence in Normandy after this date is confirmed by two charters dated during the early 1030s: firstly, "…Rogerii filii Radulfi…" witnessed the charter dated to [1030] under which Robert II Duke of Normandy donated "in comitatu Abrincatensi villam…Sancti Johannis" to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel[1516], and secondly “...Rogerii Todelensis...” witnessed the charter dated [20 Jul 1031/Jul 1032] under which Robert II Duke of Normandy donated the church of Arques to Saint-Wandrille[1517]. After this time, the situation becomes confused, but indications are that Roger returned to Spain: Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius Toenites de stirpe Malahulcii qui Rollonis ducis patruus fuerat” (who was “totius Normanniæ signifer“) travelled “in Hispaniam” when Duke Robert II went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem (so dated to [1035]), that he returned after the accession of Duke Guillaume II but rebelled because of the new duke’s ignoble birth, destroyed property in particular that of “Humfridi de Vetulis”, and that the latter eventually sent his son to attack Roger who was killed with “duobus filiis suis Helberto et Elinantio”[1518]. Orderic Vitalis also names “...Rogerius de Hispania...” among those who rebelled against Guillaume II Duke of Normandy after his accession in 1035[1519]. In another passage, Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus de Grentemaisnilio...cum Rogerio de Toenio” fought “Rogerium de Bellomonte”, during the course of which “Rogerius cum filiis suis Elberto et Elinancio“ were killed and “Rodbertus” mortally wounded (adding that the latter later died “XIV Kal Jul”)[1520]. Guillaume of Jumièges’s account is partly corroborated by a second extract from the Chronicon S Petri Vivi Senonensis which records that, after returning to Normandy, Roger attacked a neighbour but was killed (“iste Rotgerius contra quemdam vicinum faciens bellum, interfectus est”), although the chronology of the Chronicon is suspect as this passage follows the report that Roger returned to Normandy to make peace “cum duce Richardo”[1521]. The Chronicon report is also confused by Roger’s father’s supposed journey to Apulia after Roger died, which as discussed above appears to contradict other sources and whose chronology is in any case suspect. The presence of Roger [I] in Normandy in the late 1030s is noted in two charters: "…Rodgerii filii Rodulfi…" witnessed the charter dated to [1040] under which Guillaume Comte de Talou donated property to Jumièges[1522], and "…Rodgerii filii Rodulfi…Rogerii de Conchis" subscribed the charter dated to [1040] under which "Vuillelmus Ricardi magni ducis Normannorum filius" donated property to the abbey of Jumièges[1523]. The question of the dual identity of “Roger de Tosny”, reflected in the references to “Rodgerii filii Rodulfi" and "Rogerii de Conchis" in the latter document, is discussed below under Roger [II] de Tosny. Roger [I]’s death is dated to [before 17 Jun] because firstly Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Robertus de Grentesmaisnil” died in the same battle as “Rogerius [de Toenia]“[1524], and secondly the necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "17 Jun" of "Robertus de Grentemesnil"[1525]. The date must be considered approximate because Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus de Grentemaisnilio” was mortally wounded in the battle during which “Rogerius cum filiis suis Elberto et Elinancio“ were killed and that Robert died “XIV Kal Jul” (it is not known how many dies after the battle)[1526]. m ([1017/20]) [--- de Barcelona, daughter of RAMÓN BORELL I Comte de Barcelona & his wife Ermesinde de Carcassonne]. The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes (written before [1034]) records that "Normanni, duce Rotgerio" (presumably identifiable as Roger [I], although he never bore the ducal or even comital title), who had been fighting Saracens in Spain, asked "comitissa Barzelonensi Ermensende…vidua" for the hand of her (unnamed) daughter[1527]. This episode is dated to [1017/20], when Ermesinde was acting for her son Berenguer Ramon I “el Curvo” Comte de Barcelona during his minority. In addition, the other events recorded by Adémar in the same paragraph, all relate to 1016/18. Europäische Stammtafeln names her “Adelaida (Papia)”[1528]. No primary source has been identified which confirms that either of these names is correct. The early 12th century Chronicon S Petri Vivi Senonensi records, in a section headed 1015 but whose coverage extends into later years, that "Rotgerius filius Rodulfi comitis" left Normandy with an army for Spain (“de Normannia perrexit cum exercitu in Hispaniam”) where he married “sororem Raymundi Berengerii [Ramon Berenger [I] “el Viejo” Comte de Barcelona] Stephaniam” and lived there “cum uxore et exercitu suo per 15 annos” before returning “ad patrem suum in Normanniam” (having left “20 viris et uxore et omnibus quæ possidebant” in Spain) to make peace “cum duce Richardo”[1529]. The early 12th century Chronicon S Petri Vivi Senonensi records that “sororem Raymundi Berengerii Stephaniam” married as her second husband “rex Hispaniæ Garsias”[1530]. Based on this source, Jaime de Salazar Acha suggests that the widow of Roger [I] de Tosny was Estefanía who married García V King of Navarre[1531]. There are several reasons why this suggestion is unlikely to be correct. Firstly, Roger [I]’s marriage is dated to [1017/20] according to Adémar de Chabannes as noted above. If that date is correct, it is unlikely that his widow would have given birth to nine children by a second marriage, whose births are estimated between 1039 and 1054 (see the document NAVARRE KINGS). Secondly, Estefanía is named with her husband King García in a charter dated 1040, her marriage probably being dated to a couple of years earlier, whereas Roger [I] is recorded in Normandy around the same time as noted above. Thirdly, there are intrinsic problems associated with the Chronicon S. Petri Vivi Senonensis: the chronology of the whole passage, of which the reference to Roger’s marriage forms part, is flawed as explained earlier, and in addition Roger’s wife could not have been the sister of Ramon Berenguer [I] Comte de Barcelona (whose birth is dated to 1023, see the document CATALONIA) if his marriage is correctly dated to [1017/20]. Roger [I] & his wife had [three] children (it does not appear chronologically possible that, in addition, Berthe (who married Guy [I] Seigneur de Laval in [1010/15]) and her [two] brothers (see below) were also children of Roger [I]):

a) [ELBERT (-killed in battle [before 17 Jun] [1040]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius Toenites de stirpe Malahulcii qui Rollonis ducis patruus fuerat” rebelled against Duke Guillaume II and destroyed property, in particular that of “Humfridi de Vetulis” whose son eventually killed Roger [I] along with “duobus filiis suis Helberto et Elinantio”[1532]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus de Grentemaisnilio...cum Rogerio de Toenio” fought “Rogerium de Bellomonte”, during the course of which “Rogerius cum filiis suis Elberto et Elinancio“ were killed and “Rodbertus” mortally wounded[1533]. Assuming that these sources are accurate, there is no indication of the identity of the mother of Elbert and Elinand. Their names are unusual, and not encountered either in the Tosny or Barcelona families, which may suggest that they were illegitimate.]

b) [ELINAND (-killed in battle [before 17 Jun] [1040]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius Toenites de stirpe Malahulcii qui Rollonis ducis patruus fuerat” rebelled against Duke Guillaume II and destroyed property, in particular that of “Humfridi de Vetulis” whose son eventually killed Roger [I] along with “duobus filiis suis Helberto et Elinantio”[1534]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus de Grentemaisnilio...cum Rogerio de Toenio” fought “Rogerium de Bellomonte”, during the course of which “Rogerius cum filiis suis Elberto et Elinancio“ were killed and “Rodbertus” mortally wounded[1535]. Assuming that these sources are accurate, there is no indication of the identity of the mother of Elbert and Elinand. Their names are unusual, and not encountered either in the Tosny or Barcelona families, which may suggest that they were illegitimate.]

c) [VUASO . “...Vuaso filius Rogerii Tothennensis...” subscribed the charter under which Guillaume Duke of Normandy donated the church of Arques to Saint-Wandrille, dated to [1035/55][1536]. The name “Vuaso” (or similar) is not found in either the Tosny or Barcelona families, which may suggest that he was illegitimate.]

The precise relationship between the following person and Roger [I] de Tosny is not known:

1. ANSGOT (-after [1057/58]). Orderic Vitalis records that “Ansgotus Normannus...Rogerii Toenitis qui Hispanicus vocabatur cognatus” was leader of “xenodochium in confinio Baioariorum et Hunorum”, who had fought “sub ducibus Normannorum Ricardo et Rotberto” but had afterwards retired to lead a religious life, welcomed Thierry Abbot of Ouche who had left Normandy on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, dated to [1057/58][1537].

One of the most controversial issues regarding the Tosny family is whether there were two individuals named Roger de Tosny who were active during the first half of the 11th century. Keats-Rohan raised the possibility that Roger de Tosny who travelled to Spain in [1018] (shown above as Roger [I]), was different from a younger Roger de Tosny (maybe nephew of Roger [I]) who founded Conches abbey (shown below as Roger [II])[1538]. The same theory has been espoused more recently by Jaime de Salazar Acha, although his main purpose is identifying the wife of Roger [I] as discussed above[1539]. The theory of two individuals is confirmed by the charter dated to [1040], quoted below, which is witnessed by both "Rodgerii filii Rodulfi" (assumed to be Roger [I]) and "Rogerii de Conchis" (Roger [II]). The parentage of Roger [II] has not been ascertained, but presumably he was closely related to Roger [I]. The estimated birth date “[before 1038]” of Raoul [III], son of Roger [II] see below, suggests that Roger [II] was considerably younger than Roger [I] and therefore may have been nephew of the latter. The fact that Roger [II] was ancestor of the later Tosny family is shown by two charters which record his descendants. Firstly, Henry I King of England confirmed the foundation of Conches by "Rogerius senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulphus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius prædicti Radulphi senis et Rogerius filius Radulphi juvenis", quoting the foundation by "Rogerius filius Radulphi Toteniensis" for the soul of "coniugis meæ Godehildis", by charter dated to [1130][1540]. Secondly, Henry II King of England confirmed the property of Conches, including donations by "Rogeris senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulfus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius predicti Radulphi senex et Roger filius Radulphi juvenis", by charter dated 1165 or [1167/73][1541].

1. ROGER [II] de Tosny [Conches] (-[after 1040]). Orderic Vitalis records that “Rogerius de Toenio” founded “cœnobium Castellionis alias de Conchis”[1542]. "…Rodgerii filii Rodulfi…Rogerii de Conchis" subscribed the charter dated to [1040] under which "Vuillelmus Ricardi magni ducis Normannorum filius" donated property to the abbey of Jumièges[1543]. Roger’s place of burial is confirmed by the charter dated to [1130] under which Henry I King of England confirmed the foundation of Conches by "Rogerius senior…", quoting the confirmation by "Radulphus de Totteneio cum Godehilde matre mea" for the burial of "patris mei Rogerii"[1544]. m as her first husband, GODECHILDIS, daughter of ---. Henry I King of England confirmed the foundation of Conches by "Rogerius senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulphus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius prædicti Radulphi senis et Rogerius filius Radulphi juvenis", quoting the foundation by "Rogerius filius Radulphi Toteniensis" for the soul of "coniugis meæ Godehildis", dated to [1130][1545]. The Miracles of Sainte-Foy recount her being cured of a serious illness by miracle, when she was still married to her first husband[1546]. She married secondly Richard Comte d'Evreux. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Richardus Ebroicensis comes filius Roberti Archiepiscopi” married “uxore Rogerii de Toenia” by whom he had “Willelmum qui nunc Ebroicensibus principatur”[1547]. Henry I King of England confirmed the foundation of Conches by "Rogerius senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulphus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius prædicti Radulphi senis et Rogerius filius Radulphi juvenis", quoting the donation by "Godehildis comitissa Ebroicæ civitatis, quondam uxor Rogerii de Totteneio" with the consent of "seniore meo comite Richardo", dated to [1130][1548]. Roger [II] & his wife had [three] children:

a) RAOUL [III] de Tosny ([before 1038]-24 Mar[1549] [1102], bur Conches Saint-Pierre). “Radulphus de Tony cum Godehelde matre mea” donated property to Wotton Wawen Abbey, Warwickshire by undated charter[1550].

- see below.

b) [ADELISE (-6 Oct ----, bur Abbaye de Lyre). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Willelmus...filius Osberni, propinquus ducis Willelmi” founded “duo monasteriain honorem...Mariæ unum apud Liram...alterum apud Cormelias”, adding that he buried “Adelinam filiam Rogerii de Toenio uxorem suam” at Lyre[1551]. There is no indication whether Roger [I] or Roger [II] de Tosny was the father of Adelise, or of the identity of her mother. "Willelmo filio Osberni et…Ælicia eius uxore filia Rogeri de Thoneio" founded the abbey of Lyre by charter dated 1046[1552]. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Willermus filius Osberni Normanniæ dapifer et cognatus Willermi ducis…Aelizam uxorem suam filiam Rogeri de Toeneio" was buried in the monastery of Lyre[1553]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "6 Oct" of "Adeliz uxor Willelmi hujus loci fundatoris"[1554]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "6 Oct" of "mater Willelmi Britolii Adeliza"[1555]. m (before 1046) as his first wife, GUILLAUME FitzOsbern Seigneur de Breteuil, son of OSBERN de Crépon & his wife Emma d'Ivry (-killed in battle Cassel, Flanders 22 Feb 1071, bur Abbaye de Cormeilles).]

c) [ROBERT [III] de Tosny (-[1088], bur [Evesham Abbey]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1130] under which Henry I King of England confirmed donations to Conches, including the donation of "ecclesiam de Octona" made by "Robertus de Stafort filius Rogerii de Totteneio" with the consent of "filio meo Nicholao"[1556]. Robert’s connection with the Tosny family is confirmed by the undated charter under which “Robertus de Stafford” confirmed donations to Wotton Wawen Abbey, Warwickshire by “avus meus Robertus de Toenio et pater meus Nicolaus de Stafford”[1557]. The chronology suggests that Robert’s father was Roger [II] de Tosny, although there is no indication of the identity of Robert’s mother. Domesday Book records “Robert of Stafford” holding Denchworth in Wantage Hundred in Berkshire; “Robert de Tosny” holding Miswell in Tring Hundred and Barwythe in Danish Hundred in Hertfordshire; "Robert of Stafford" holding land in Oxfordshire; Stoneton in Northamptonshire [Warwickshire][1558]. The entries in Hertfordshire precede those which record the holdings of Raoul de Tosny in Hertfordshire, which suggests that they refer to the Robert Tosny/Stafford who was Raoul’s brother. Lord of Stafford.]

- ENGLISH NOBILITY – STAFFORD.

Brother and sister, and one possible additional brother, parents not known. No primary source has yet been found which identifies the parents of these [three] siblings. From a chronological point of view, they could have been the children of Raoul [II] de Tosny. It appears chronologically unlikely that they were the children of Roger [I] de Tosny.

1. BERTHE . Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated [Sep/14 Oct] 1055 under which the monks of Marmoutier record the donations by "quemdam militem…Johannem pagi Cenomannensis indigenum, Widonis de Valle filium" of property "in Normannia, territorio Vilcassino…ecclesiam in villa…Guarniacus…juxta fluvium Eptæ" which "Wido pater eorum" accepted from "uxore sua Berta, Johannis et Haimonis matre"[1559]. Her connection with the Tosny family is confirmed by the charter dated 1063 which records the consent given by "Rotbertum de Toeniaco, avunculum domni Johanni monachi nostri, filii Widonis de Valle" to the donations by the latter to Marmoutier, authorised by "Berengerius filius eius"[1560]. The remaining question is the identity of her father. The date of her marriage is estimated from a charter dated 11 Nov 1039 in which her two grandsons are named (see MAINE for further details)[1561]. If this document is correctly dated (which is open to debate, as discussed further in MAINE), it is extremely unlikely for Berthe to have been the daughter of Roger [I] de Tosny [Conches]. m ([1010/15]) as his first wife, GUY [I] Seigneur de Laval, son of --- (-after 1064).

2. [BERENGER Hespina . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. His name suggests that he was the brother of Robert [II] de Tosny, whose son is also recorded with the name Berenger. 1050/1066. A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of land “in Lestingeham…Spaunton, in Kyrkeby-Misperton…in Dalby…in Skaldena…in Lyndesey in Bek…in Bynbruc” by “Berengerius de Todeneye”[1562].] [m ---. The name of Berenger's wife is not known. Berenger & his wife had one child:]

a) [BERENGER de Tosny . He is named in Europäische Stammtafeln[1563]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. It is possible that it results from confusion with Berenger, son of Robert [I] de Tosny. A charter of King Henry II records donations to York St Mary, including the donation of land “in Finmara et…in Hunkleby et decimam suam de Dalton et juxta Chevermunt” by “Berengerius de Todenei”[1564]. It is not possible to date the donations in this document. It is not therefore known whether the donation was made by Berenger, son of Robert [I], or an otherwise unrecorded Berenger who may have been the son of Berenger Hespina.]

3. ROBERT [I] de Tosny (-[1088]). His connection with the Tosny family is confirmed by the charter dated 1063 which records the consent given by "Rotbertum de Toeniaco, avunculum domni Johanni monachi nostri, filii Widonis de Valle" to the donations by the latter to Marmoutier, authorised by "Berengerius filius eius"[1565]. “Robertum de Belvedeir---et A[dela]. uxor eius” founded Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire by charter dated to [1076][1566]. After the death of his wife Adela, Robert de Belvoir donated “land in Sapertune” to Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire, with the consent of "his sons William and Geoffrey"[1567]. Domesday Book records “Robert de Tosny” holding Great Rissington, Horton and Sapperton in Gloucestershire; several properties in Northamptonshire; properties in Leicestershire; North Dalton and Naburn in Yorkshire; numerous properties in Lincolnshire[1568]. m ADELAIS, daughter of --- (-before 1088). “Robertum de Belvedeir---et A[dela]. uxor eius” founded Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire by charter dated to [1076][1569]. “Agnes de Toteneio” confirmed the donation to Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire by "pater meus Robertus de Toteneio et mater mea Adelais", by undated charter[1570]. Robert [I] & his wife had six children:

a) BERENGER (-after 1086). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1063 which records the consent given by "Rotbertum de Toeniaco, avunculum domni Johanni monachi nostri, filii Widonis de Valle" to the donations by the latter to Marmoutier, authorised by "Berengerius filius eius"[1571]. Domesday Book records “Berengar de Tosny” holding land in Broughton and Horley, and "the same Berengar holds of Robert his father" in Bodicote, in Oxfordshire; "Berengar de Tosny" holding East Stoke, Syerston and land in Broadholme in Nottinghamshire; numerous properties in Yorkshire; West Allington in Lincolnshire[1572]. Berenger presumably died without direct heirs: many of the holdings which Domesday Book records in Lincolnshire in his and his father’s name were held in [1115/18] by his brother-in-law Robert de l’Isle (see below).

b) GUILLAUME . After the death of his wife Adela, Robert de Belvoir donated “land in Sapertune” to Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire, with the consent of "his sons William and Geoffrey"[1573]. The brothers Guillaume and Geoffrey presumably died before [1115/18], when the Lindsay Survey records family properties in Lincolnshire held by their brother-in-law Robert de l’Isle.

c) GEOFFREY . After the death of his wife Adela, Robert de Belvoir donated “land in Sapertune” to Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire, with the consent of "his sons William and Geoffrey"[1574]. The brothers Guillaume and Geoffrey presumably died before [1115/18], when the Lindsay Survey records family properties in Lincolnshire held by their brother-in-law Robert de l’Isle.

d) ALBREDA de Tosny (-before 1130). “H comes Norfulc” confirmed property to the monks of Kirkstall, for the soul of “Albrede de Insula amite mee”, by charter dated to [1154/76][1575]. If amita is translated strictly in this document, Albreda was the sister of Earl Hugh’s mother, Alice de Tosny married to Roger Bigod (see below). Her husband’s name, as well as her relationship with the Tosny family, are confirmed by the Lindsey Survey (quoted below) as her husband’s holdings were among those recorded in Domesday Book as held by Robert [I] de Tosny and his son Berenger in Lincolnshire[1576]. Robert Bishop of Lincoln confirmed possessions of Newhouse abbey, including "in Brodholm quicquid pertinet ad feudum Albrede de Tocnio", by charter dated to [1155/60][1577]. Albreda died before the taking of the 1129/30 Pipe Roll, presumably without surviving children, as her sister Adelise is there recorded in relation to their father’s land at Belvoir, Lincolnshire. m ROBERT de l’Isle, son of --- (-after [1115/18]). The Lindsey Survey, dated to [1115/18], records "Robert de l’Isle" holding land in Aisthorpe, South Carlton, Burton, Corringham, Bransby, Thorganby, Croxby, Binbrook, Orforth, Ludborough, and Fotherby[1578].

e) ADELISE de Tosny (-after 1136[1579]). Her parentage is indicated by the 1130 Pipe Roll which records "Adeliz uxor Rogi Big…tra patris sui de Belueder" in Lincolnshire[1580], which also indicates that Adelise succeeded her sister Albreda in the Belvoir estates of their father. It is also indicated by the charter dated 23 Apr [1430] under which her descendant “Thomas dominus de Ros, de Hamelake, de Trussebout et de Beavoir” confirmed the possessions of Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire made by "antecessores nostros…Robertum de Toteneio, Willielmum de Toteneyo filium suum, Agnetem de Toteneio filiam dicti Roberti de Toteneyo, Henricum de Rya filium Huberto de Rya, Agnetem de Toteneyo, Willielmum de Albeneio primum, Willielmum de Albeneio secundum, Willielmum de Albeneio tertium, Willielmum de Albeneio quartum, Ywynum de Albeneyo, Heliam de Albeneyo et uxores eorundem, Isabellam filiam domini Willielmi de Albeneio quæ fuit uxor domini de Ros, domini de Beauvoire et de Hamelake"[1581], the connection between Robert de Tosny Lord of Belvoir, father of Adelise, being established through the marriage of her daughter Cecilia to William de Albini Brito. "Rogerius Bigot…et uxoris mee Adalicie" donated the church of Thetford to Cluny dated [1100][1582]. “Rogerus Bygot” founded Thetford Priory, with the advice of “…uxoris meæ Adeliciæ”, by undated charter dated to the reign of King Henry I[1583]. m (before [1100]) as his second wife, ROGER Bigod, son of ROGER Bigod & his wife --- (-8 or 15 Sep 1107, bur Thetford[1584]).

f) AGNES de Tosny (-[after 1129?]). “Agnes de Toteneio” confirmed the donation to Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire by "pater meus Robertus de Toteneio et mater mea Adelais", by undated charter[1585]. Henry I King of England confirmed the donation of "decimas de Hokeringhe, de Swanetuna, de Depham, de Bukestuna, de Mercheshale" by "Hubertus de Ria…Agnes de Belfo uxor eius…cum Ricardo filio suo" to Holy Trinity, Norwich, at the request of "Henrici filii et heredis ipsorum", by charter dated to [1127][1586]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the undated charter under which her son “Henricus de Rya” confirmed the donations to Belvoir priory, Lincolnshire by "Roberti avi mei et Agnetis matris meæ"[1587]. [The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Agnes de Belfago" rendering account because “filius suus perrexit ad Comitem Flandr”, in Norfolk[1588]. Walter Rye links this entry to the widow of Hubert [II][1589]. If that is correct, her son mentioned would have been born from her first marriage.] m firstly RALPH de Belfou [Beaufour], son of ---. m secondly HUBERT [II] de Rie, son of HUBERT [I] de Rie & his wife --- (-before 1127).

RAOUL [III] de Tosny, son of ROGER [II] de Tosny & his wife Godechildis --- ([before 1038]-24 Mar [1102], bur Conches Saint-Pierre). “Radulphus de Tony cum Godehelde matre mea” donated property to Wotton Wawen Abbey, Warwickshire by undated charter[1590]. His birth date is estimated from his active participation, as noted below, in the duke of Normandy’s war with the king of France in 1054, when he must at least have been a young adult. According to Orderic Vitalis, he was "a man of the highest renown and knightly valour and was outstanding among the greatest nobles of Normandy for his wealth and honours"[1591]. Orderic Vitalis records that Guillaume II Duke of Normandy sent “Radulfum de Toenia” as ambassador to meet Henri I King of France during their war[1592]. Ralph de Diceto’s Abbreviationes Chronicorum records the war between “Henricus rex Francorum” and “Willelmi ducis Normannorum” in 1054, and records that “Rodulfus de Toenia...nuntium” reported the French king’s army’s defeat[1593]. Orderic also records that he "carried away by night" his uterine half-sister Agnes d'Evreux and gave her in marriage to Simon de Montfort, receiving in return Simon's daughter Isabel as his wife[1594]. Orderic Vitalis records disputes between his vassals and Duke Guillaume who exiled “milites Rodulfum de Toenia et Hugonem de Grentemaisnilio atque Ernaldum de Escalfoio”, dated to [1059/61][1595], the same source recording in a later passage that Duke Guillaume recalled “Rodulfum de Toenia et Hugonem de Grentemaisnilio”, dated to [1063][1596]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Rodulphus de Conchis Rogerii Toenetis filius, Normannorum signifer...” among the leading lords under Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[1597]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Galterius Giphardus et Radulphus Toenites...” among those who took part in the battle of Hastings[1598]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia qui fuit Normannorum famosus signifer”, wishing to leave “in Hispaniam”, donated property to Ouche in reparation of the damage he had previously done by supporting “Ernaldi de Excalfoio” in burning the place, and in particular donated “in Angliam...duos mansiones...in Nortfuc...Caldecota, alteram...in Wigornensi provincia...Alwintona”[1599]. Odo Bishop of Bayeux bought "la terre de Chernet" from "Herberto de Agnellis", with the consent of "suo domino Radulfo de Conchis", by charter dated 30 Nov 1074[1600]. "Ralf de Conchis son of Roger de Toncio" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Evroul by charter dated to [1080], witnessed by "Rogerus de Clara, Galterus de Hispannia, Guillelmus de Paceio, Robertus de Remileio, Geroldus Gastinellus, Gillebertus Toroldi filius, Rogerus de Mucegros, et Galterus de Calvo Monte"[1601]. Domesday Book records land held by “Ralph de Tosny” in Charlton in Wantage Hundred in Berkshire; Flamstead in Danish Hundred and Westmill in Braughing Hundred in Hertfordshire; Charingworth, Icomb, Bromsberrow, Harnhill, Ampney and Lower Swell in Gloucestershire; several properties in Worcestershire; the castle of Clifford and several other properties in Herefordshire[1602]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Guillelmus” [Guillaume de Breteuil] gave “tria millia librarum” to “avunculo suo Radulpho” [Raoul [III] de Tosny] for his ransom as part of the peace settlement of the Evreux/Tosny war and appointed “Rogerium consobrinum suum Radulfi filium” as his heir[1603]. "Rodulfo de Conchis" consented to the donation of "decimam Ansfredi Villæ" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen by "Gernagois et Albereda uxor eius, cum filiis suis Willelmo et Rotberto" by charter dated 1091[1604]. Orderic Vitalis records the death “IX Kal Apr” of “Radulfus senex [=Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia]” and his burial “in cœnobio B. Petri Castellionis”[1605]. Henry I King of England confirmed the foundation of Conches by "Rogerius senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulphus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius prædicti Radulphi senis et Rogerius filius Radulphi juvenis", quoting the confirmation by "Radulphus de Totteneio cum Godehilde matre mea" for the burial of "patris mei Rogerii", dated to [1130][1606]. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of Conches abbey, including donations by "Rogeris senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulfus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius predicti Radulphi senex et Roger filius Radulphi juvenis", by charter dated 1165 or [1167/73][1607].

m ISABELLE de Montfort, daughter of SIMON [I] de Montfort Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury & his first wife Isabelle de Broyes. Orderic Vitalis records that “Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia” kidnapped “Agnetem uterinam sororem suam, Ricardi Ebroicensium comitis filiam” by night and married her to “Simoni de Monteforti”, who in exchange granted “filiam eiusdem Simonis...Isabel” to Raoul[1608]. Her parentage is suggested by a charter dated 1160 under which Louis VII King of France confirmed donations to the abbey of Colombs near Nogent, including donations made by "Hugo Bardulfus castri Nouigenti…aliique eorum successores…Simon de Montisforti, et Radulfus iunior de Toneio et Rogerius filius eius…et Simon de Monteforti gener eius et successor"[1609]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Elizabeth...uxor et Rogerius atque Radulfus filii eius” consented to the donations to Ouche made by “Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia...Normannorum...signifer”[1610]. Dame de Nogent-le-Roi. Orderic Vitalis records the bitter dispute between “Helvisa...comitissa” and “Isabelem de Conchis”, adding that Helvise was “solers...et facunda, sed atrox et avara” and that in war she rode armed like a knight, while Isabelle was “dapsilis et audax atque jocosa...amabilis et grata”[1611]. After her husband died, Orderic Vitalis records that she repented "the mortal sin of luxury in which she had indulged in her youth" and became a nun at Haute-Bruyère[1612].

Raoul [III] & his wife had three children:

1. ROGER [III] de Tosny (-15 May [1093/95], bur Châtillon). Orderic Vitalis records that “Elizabeth...uxor et Rogerius atque Radulfus filii eius” consented to the donations to Ouche made by “Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia...Normannorum...signifer”[1613]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Guillelmus” [Guillaume de Breteuil] gave “tria millia librarum” to “avunculo suo Radulpho” [Raoul [III] de Tosny] for his ransom as part of the peace settlement of the Evreux/Tosny war and appointed “Rogerium consobrinum suum Radulfi filium” as his heir and that Guillaume Comte d’Evreux also named Roger as his heir[1614]. Orderic Vitalis records the death “Id Mai” of “Rogerius” [Roger [III] de Tosny] and his burial “Castellionis cum parentibus suis”, although it is difficult to identify the year from the context of the passage[1615].

2. RAOUL [IV] de Tosny (-[1126], bur Conches Saint-Pierre). Orderic Vitalis records that “Elizabeth...uxor et Rogerius atque Radulfus filii eius” consented to the donations to Ouche made by “Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia...Normannorum...signifer”[1616]. Henry I King of England confirmed the foundation of Conches by "Rogerius senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulphus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius prædicti Radulphi senis et Rogerius filius Radulphi juvenis", quoting the donation by "Radulphus junior filius Radulphi senioris de Totteneio", dated to [1130][1617]. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of Conches abbey, including donations by "Rogeris senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulfus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius predicti Radulphi senex et Roger filius Radulphi juvenis", by charter dated 1165 or [1167/73][1618]. He succeeded his father in [1102] as Seigneur de Tosny. Orderic Vitalis records that, after the death of “Radulfus senex [=Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia]”, “Radulfus filius eius” succeeded in his father’s property[1619]. His date of death is calculated on the basis of Orderic Vitalis recording that, after the death of “Radulfus senex [=Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia]”, his son succeeded for about 24 years, adding that both were buried “in cœnobio B. Petri Castellionis”[1620]. . m (1103) ADELISA of Huntingdon, daughter of WALTHEOF Earl of Huntingdon & his wife Judith de Lens [Boulogne] ([1073/76]-after [1126]). Her parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who also gives her marriage and names her two sons and indicates she had "several daughters" without naming them[1621]. Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the marriage of Alice younger daughter of Judith and "Rodolph de Tournay", her dowry being "the lordship of Wilchamstowe"[1622]. She inherited Walthamstow, Essex[1623]. “Aliz de Toeni” donated "ecclesiam de Welcomstowe" to “ecclesiæ S. Trinitatis Lond.”, for the soul of “Hugonis de Toeni filii mei qui ibidem jacet sepultus…Radulphi de Toeni mariti mei…et pro incolumitate filiorum meorum Rogeri de Toeni et Simonis et filiæ meæ Isabellæ", by undated charter[1624]. Raoul [IV] & his wife had [eight or more] children:

a) ROGER [IV] de Tosny ([1104]-after 29 Sep 1158). Henry I King of England confirmed the foundation of Conches by "Rogerius senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulphus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius prædicti Radulphi senis et Rogerius filius Radulphi juvenis", quoting the donation by "Rogerus de Totteneio filius Radulphi junioris", dated to [1130][1625]. Henry II King of England confirmed the property of Conches abbey, including donations by "Rogeris senior de Toenio et filius eius Radulfus senex et Radulphus juvenis filius predicti Radulphi senex et Roger filius Radulphi juvenis", by charter dated 1165 or [1167/73][1626]. His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[1627].

- LORDS TOSNY.

b) HUGUES (-young, bur London Holy Trinity). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[1628]. “Aliz de Toeni” donated "ecclesiam de Welcomstowe" to “ecclesiæ S. Trinitatis Lond.”, for the soul of “Hugonis de Toeni filii mei qui ibidem jacet sepultus…", by undated charter[1629].

c) SIMON de Tosny . “Aliz de Toeni” donated "ecclesiam de Welcomstowe" to “ecclesiæ S. Trinitatis Lond.”, for the soul of “…et pro incolumitate filiorum meorum Rogeri de Toeni et Simonis et filiæ meæ Isabellæ", by undated charter[1630].

d) ISABELLE de Tosny (-after [1158]). “Aliz de Toeni” donated "ecclesiam de Welcomstowe" to “ecclesiæ S. Trinitatis Lond.”, for the soul of “…et pro incolumitate filiorum meorum Rogeri de Toeni et Simonis et filiæ meæ Isabellæ", by undated charter[1631]. Isabel de Tosny widow of Walter FitzRichard donated property to Durnford, Wiltshire and to Salisbury Cathedral, confirmed by Henry II King of England by charter dated to before 1158. [m WALTER FitzRichard, son of [RICHARD Lord of Clare and Tonbridge & his wife Rohese Giffard (-1138)].

e) GODECHILDE de Tosny ([1104/15?]-17 Oct after 1143). Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”Rogerus [comes] Warwic...fratrum suorum natus post ipsum...Robertus de Novoburgo” married “sororem Rogerii de Toenio filiam secundi Rodulfi Godechildem” by whom he had “plures filios...Henricum et fratres eius”[1632]. According to Robert of Torigny[1633], this was the same Godechilde who married Baudouin de Boulogne King of Jerusalem, but he is clearly confusing her with her aunt of the same name who allegedly married Robert de Beaumont Comte de Meulan as her first husband[1634]. "Robert de Novoburgo" donated property to the abbey of Bec-Hellouin with the consent of his mother countess Margaret, his wife Godeheld and his sons Henry and Ralf, by charter dated 1143[1635]. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "17 Oct" of "Godeheut uxor domini Roberti de Novo Burgo"[1636]. m ROBERT [I] de Neufbourg, son of HENRY de Beaumont Earl of Warwick & his wife Marguerite du Perche (-30 Aug [or 12 Sep] 1159, bur Bec).

f) [several daughters . Their parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who does not name them[1637].]

g) [MARGARET (-1185 or before). Eyton highlights that Margaret, wife of Walter [I] de Clifford, "is said, with probability, to have brought him Clifford Castle in frank-marriage, she being a daughter of Ralph de Toni, Domesday Lord of that castle"[1638]. If Eyton is correct, the chronology of her descendants suggests that Margaret was among the youngest of her supposed parents’ children. Eyton implies, but does not actually state, that there is no primary source which confirms that this supposed parentage of Margaret is correct. He also says that "an equally probable account of the mode in which Clifford Castle left the sucession of the Toni is that Maud, wife of Richard fitz Ponce, was a daughter of Ralph de Toni". The chronology is not particularly favourable for Margaret to have been Raoul [IV] de Tosny’s daughter. Raoul’s children must have been born in the range [1104/15], given his marriage in 1103 and the narrow possible birth date range of his wife in [1073/76]. If Margaret was Raoul’s daughter, she would have been old when she died in or before 1185, and her husband even older when he died in 1190 assuming that he was about the same age as his wife. Let us compare this assessment with the approximate dates which can be assessed for the children of Walter [I] and his wife. Firstly, the couple’s grandson Walter [III] first appears in the records in 1208, presumably when he was a young adult, which would place his birth to [1180/90]. At that time, his father Walter [II] would have been over 40/50 years old if his maternal grandfather had been Raoul de Tosny. Secondly, Walter [I]’s great-granddaughter, granddaughter of his daughter Lucy, was probably born in [1190/96]: she was reported an infant on her first marriage in 1197, and her father died in [1196]. This would place Lucy’s birth in [1140/50], which would be on the late side if her maternal grandfather had been Raoul de Tosny (although not impossibly late). Thirdly, when these two cases are slotted together, it appears that Lucy was very likely older than her brother Walter [II]. If that is correct, the Tosny connection is even less likely, given her estimated birth date, if she was one of her parents’ older children. Another point to make is the absence of compatible onomastics for a Tosny marriage: none of Walter [I]’s children received typical Tosny names (Raoul/Ralph, Roger, Isabel, Adelisa, Godechilde). Walter [I]’s grandson was named Roger, but it is likely that he was named after his maternal grandfather (see UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY). A last point of confusion is the reported marriage of Isabelle, another daughter of Raoul [IV] de Tosny, with another Walter FitzRichard (who is probably identified with the son of Richard Lord of Clare and Tonbridge, see above). If Margaret had also been Raoul’s daughter, this would lead to the improbable (although not impossible) coincidence that two of his daughters married two different individuals with the same name. In conclusion, the alleged Tosny connection of Walter [I] de Clifford remains something of a mystery but the proposed Tosny parentage of his wife Margaret does not appear to be the ideal explanation. m WALTER FitzRichard de Clifford, son of RICHARD FitzPons & his wife Matilda --- (-1190).]

3. GODECHILDE de Tosny (-Germanicea, Cilicia Oct 1097[1639]). Orderic Vitalis names “Godehildem” as the daughter of “Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia” and his wife “filiam...Simonis [de Montefort]...Isabel”, recording that she married firstly “Rodberto...Mellentensium comiti” and secondly “Balduino filio Boloniensium consulis Eustachii”[1640]. According to the Complete Peerage[1641], her first marriage is "highly improbable" as Godechilde was still a young girl when she married Baudouin de Boulogne in 1096, although it cannot be dismissed entirely as infant marriages were by no means unknown at the time. Orderic Vitalis makes no mention of any annulment of her alleged first marriage: it is possible that it went no further than a contract of betrothal. She left with her husband on crusade in 1096. Albert of Aix records that Kálmán King of Hungary demanded "Baldewinum fratrem ipsius ducis…uxorem quoque familiam eius" as hostages while the crusading army crossed through Hungary[1642]. William of Tyre records the death of "Gutueram" wife of Baudouin Count of Edessa at Maresia, and her burial there[1643]. Albert of Aix records the death "in regione Meresc" of "uxor Baldewini…quam de regno Angliæ ortam eduxit…Godwera" and her burial there, dated to late 1097 from the context[1644]. [m firstly as his first wife, ROBERT de Beaumont Comte de Meulan, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger, son of ROGER de Vieilles Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger & his wife Adeline de Meulan ([1046]-5 or 6 Jun 1118, bur Préaux, monastery of Saint-Pierre).] m [secondly] ([1090/1096]) as his second wife, BAUDOUIN de Boulogne, son of EUSTACHE II Comte de Boulogne & his second wife Ida of Lower Lotharingia (-Al-Arish 2 Apr 1118, bur Jerusalem, Church of the Holy Sepulchre). He was chosen in 1100 to succeeded as BAUDOUIN I King of Jerusalem.

J. SEIGNEURS de VERNON, SEIGNEURS de REVIERS

Vernon is a commune within the present-day French département of Eure, arrondissement Evreux, while Reviers is a commune in the département of Calvados, canton de Creully[1645]. Guillaume de Poitou’s Gesta Guillelmi Ducis records that “Wido filius Burgundionum comitis Raginaldi” held “castra Brionium et Vernonium” from Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[1646]. As Guy de Bourgogne was defeated by Duke Guillaume in 1047, the grant of Vernon castle must have been made in the early to mid-1040s, and was presumably revoked after this defeat.

1. OSMOND de Centville (-[after Aug 1027]). Vicomte [de Vernon]. Guillaume of Jumièges names him “Osmundo de Centum-villis vicecomiti Vernonii” when recording his marriage (see below). However, it is far from that in the early 11th century vicomtes in Normandy were referred to by a territorial appellation. “Richardus vicecomes, Nigellus vicecomes, Alvredus vicecomes, Tustingus vicecomes, Vualterius vicecomes, Odo vicecomes, Sciricus vicecomes, Vuimondus vicecomes, Gofridus vicecomes, Goscelinus vicecomes, Osmundus vicecomes, Goscelinus vicecomes...” witnessed the charter dated Aug 1027 under which “Richardus Normannorum dux” donated property to Bernay abbey[1647]. The immense number of witnesses suggests that this document is spurious in some way. m ---, niece of Gunnora mistress of Richard I Comte [de Normandie], daughter of ---. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “nepotes...plures...Gunnor...earum...quarta” married “Osmundo de Centum-villis vicecomiti Vernonii” by whom she had “primus Fulco de Aneio, plures filiæ, quarum una mater fuit primi Balduini de Reuers” [although the latter part at least of this passage is contradicted by other primary sources][1648]. Osmond & his wife had children:

a) FOULQUES d’Anet . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “nepotes...plures...Gunnor...earum...quarta” married “Osmundo de Centum-villis vicecomiti Vernonii” by whom she had “primus Fulco de Aneio...”[1649]. King Henry II confirmed the property of Bec abbey, including the donation of “manerium de Mesnillo-Simonis” made by “Fulconis de Aneto”, by undated charter[1650].

b) ALBREDA (-before 1082, bur Guillon). King William I confirmed the property of Caen Sainte-Trinité, including the donation of “terram quam pater suus dederat in villa...Guillon” made by “Alberada soror Fulconis...annuente eodem Fulcone” (adding that he buried his sister “illius loci...in atrio”), by charter dated 1082[1651]. King Henry II confirmed the property of Bec abbey, including the donation of “manerium de Mesnillo-Simonis” made by “Fulconis de Aneto” and of “terram de Groselers...juxta Landam sita” made by “Albredæ sororis eiusdem Fulconis”, by undated charter[1652].

c) [GUNNORA . Stapleton says that “Gunnora, the mother of William de Briouze, was apparently another daughter of the same parentage of Alberada” (named above) but he provides no basis for his statement or other explanation[1653]. Henry II King of England confirmed the possessions of the abbey of la Trinité de Caen, including the donation by "Gonnor matris Willelmi de Breosa" of land "in Bavent…et…in Rovres et in Cierneio et in Craissanvilla et in Quatrepuiz", by charter dated to [1180/82][1654]. m --- [de Briouse], son of ---.]

d) daughters . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “nepotes...plures...Gunnor...earum...quarta” married “Osmundo de Centum-villis vicecomiti Vernonii” by whom she had “primus Fulco de Aneio, plures filiæ, quarum una mater fuit primi Balduini de Reuers” [although the latter part at least of this passage is contradicted by other primary sources, see ENGLISH UNTITLED NOBILITY - VERNON][1655].

HUGUES de Vernon, son of --- (-[1063/66]). A charter confirms that "Guillelmus de Vernono cum patre suo…Hugone, Sancti Wandregisili monacho" sold land "apud Martinvillam" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen in 1053, with the consent of "Willelmo Normannorum consule", signed by "Willelmi comitis, Mathildis comitissæ, Hugonis Vernonensis, Willelmi filii eius, Ricardi filii Gisleberti comitis…"[1656]. He is named father of "Willelmus Vernonensis" in the latter's charter dated 1066[1657]. It is assumed that Hugues died before the date of this latter charter, although the document does not mention this: as the earlier charter specifies that he was a monk the omission of this fact from the latter would be surprising if he had still been alive.

m ---. The name of Hugues's wife is not known.

Hugues & his wife had two children:

1. RABER de Vernon (-after 29 Aug 1060). "…Raberius et Willelmus de Vernone…" witnessed the charter dated 29 Aug 1060 under which "milite…Richardo…fratribus Willelmo…atque Balduino" donated "Gausberti Villa" to Chartres Saint-Père[1658].

2. GUILLAUME de Vernon (-[4 Jun ----]). A charter confirms that "Guillelmus de Vernono cum patre suo…Hugone, Sancti Wandregisili monacho" sold land "apud Martinvillam" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen in 1053, with the consent of "Willelmo Normannorum consule", signed by "Willelmi comitis, Mathildis comitissæ, Hugonis Vernonensis, Willelmi filii eius, Ricardi filii Gisleberti comitis…"[1659]. "…Raberius et Willelmus de Vernone…" witnessed the charter dated 29 Aug 1060 under which "milite…Richardo…fratribus Willelmo…atque Balduino" donated "Gausberti Villa" to Chartres Saint-Père[1660]. "Willelmus Vernonensis filius Hugonis eiusque conjux Emma" donated property at "castrum Vernonense" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, with the consent of "Willelmo rege Anglorum et duce Normannorum", by undated charter[1661]. "Willelmi Vernonensi" witnessed the undated charter of "Emma mulier de Longa Villa"[1662]. Guillaume de Vernon, his son Hugues and his wife Emma donated property to Rouen Holy Trinity, confirmed in the charter dated to [1067][1663]. [The necrology of Montebourg records the death "4 Jun" of "Guillelmus de Reveriis senex"[1664].] m EMMA, daughter of OSBERN de Crépon & his wife Emma d'Ivry . "Willelmus Vernonensis filius Hugonis eiusque conjux Emma" donated property at "castrum Vernonense" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, with the consent of "Willelmo rege Anglorum et duce Normannorum", by undated charter[1665]. Guillaume de Vernon, his son Hugues and his wife Emma donated property to Rouen Holy Trinity, confirmed in the charter dated to [1067][1666]. Her parentage is confirmed by a charter of Carisbrooke Priory, Isle of Wight which names “Johannem et Ricardum” as the two sons of “Willielmum filium Osberni marescallum…comitem Herefordiæ” who predeceased their father, and records that their inheritance went to “Ricardo de Rivers, nepoti prædicti Willielmi filii Osberni, tunc comiti Exoniæ”[1667]. Guillaume & his wife had [four] children:

a) RICHARD de Reviers (-8 Sep 1107, bur Abbey de Montebourg[1668]). His parentage is surmised by the references to his supposed brother Hugues and the latter's parents. Seigneur de Reviers, de Vernon et de Néhou in Normandy.

- UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY - VERNON.

b) HUGUES de Reviers (-after 1089). Guillaume de Vernon, his son Hugues and his wife Emma donated property to Rouen Holy Trinity, confirmed in the charter dated to [1067][1669]. He is assumed to be the same person as "Hugues" uncle of Baldwin de Reviers Earl of Devon named in a charter of King Henry I to the canons of Breamore[1670]. "…Hugo de Vernon…" witnessed the charter dated 1089 under which Robert III Duke of Normandy confirmed the restoration of the monastery of Saint-Vigor near Bayeux[1671].

c) [GAUTHIER de Vernon (-after 1085). Domesday Book records “Walter de Vernon” holding Willington, Ness, Ledsham and Prenton in Cheshire[1672]. His parentage has not been ascertained. However, he held property in Cheshire near Richard de Vernon, which suggests a family connection. Maybe they were brothers.]

d) ADELISA [Alice] de Reviers . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Her husband's grant of land to Montebourg abbey was confirmed by her brother Richard de Reviers[1673]. m as his first wife, RICHARD de Angerville, son of ---.

The chronology of the following family group is difficult to assess. The reconstruction is based only on the charter cited below under Guillaume [II], and the other charter quoted in that charter. Neither of those charters is dated. The SCRIPTA database dates the document to “[1150-1250]”. The basis for that estimate is unknown, although it is clearly too broad to relate to two donations made by father and son. If other documentation emerges which dates Guillaume [I] to the mid-12th century, it does not appear that he could have been the same person as William de Vernon Seigneur de Vernon (died “after Mar 1175”, son of Richard de Reviers who is named above: follow his hyperlink to UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY T-Z). This conclusion is reached firstly because the wife of Richard, son of William Seigneur de Vernon, is recorded as “Lucy”, whereas the wife of Richard [I] shown below was Isabelle/Elisabeth; secondly, no connection has been found between William Seigneur de Vernon and the Chapelle Saint-Pair de Morville, the beneficiary in the charter cited below (although Morville lies only about 5 kilometres west of Montebourg with which the other Vernon family was closely associated). Until more information emerges, the family group is shown as unconnected.

1. GUILLAUME [I] de Vernon . He is named, as father of Richard [I], in the undated charter quoted in the undated charter cited below under his grandson Guillaume [II]. m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Guillaume’s wife has not been found. Guillaume [I] & his wife had one child:

a) RICHARD [I] de Vernon . He is named, as son of Guillaume [I], in the undated charter quoted in the undated charter cited below under his grandson Guillaume [II]. m ISABELLE [Elisabeth], daughter of ---. She is named in the undated charter quoted in the undated charter cited below under her grandson Guillaume. Richard [I] & his wife had one child:

i) RICHARD [II] de Vernon . m ALIX, daughter of ---. She is named in the undated charter cited below under her son (“uxoris et matris mearum Agnetis et Alicie”, the name order suggesting that “Agnetis” was “uxoris” and “Aliciæ” “matris”). Richard [II] & his wife had one child:

(1) GUILLAUME [II] de Vernon . “Willermus de Vernone filius Ricardi de Vernone” confirmed donations made by “Ricardus pater meus et antecessores mei” to the Chapelle Saint-Pair de Morville, for the souls of “uxoris et matris mearum Agnetis et Alicie”, by undated charter, which reproduces the donation of “decimam...de Bruillo in parroessia Columbeis...” made by “Ricardus de Vernone filius Ricardi de Vernone filii Guillermi de Vernone” to “capelle Sancti Paterni et Ricardo filio Mabile de Neshou”, for the souls of “patris et matris mee Ysabel”, also undated, witnessed by “Guillermo Reviers...Guillermo de Barnevilla...”[1674]. m AGNES, daughter of ---. She is named in the undated charter cited under her husband (“uxoris et matris mearum Agnetis et Alicie”, the name order suggesting that “Agnetis” was “uxoris” and “Aliciæ” “matris”).

RICHARD de Vernon, son of RICHARD de Vernon & his wife Lucy --- (-after 1219). “Ricardus de Vernone pater et Ricardus filius meus" denied their oath to Richard I King of England and recognised the suzerainty ot Philippe II King of France over "Vernonem cum castellania" by charter dated Jan 1195 (maybe O.S.)[1675]. “Gui Le Bouteiller seigneur de Chantilly” and “Richard de Vernon seigneur de Gouvieux” settled their dispute concerning “l’eau de Gouvieux (la rivière de Nouette)” by charter dated 1219[1676].

m ELISABETH, daughter of --- (-14 Aug ----). The necrology of Montebourg records the death "14 Aug" of "Elizabeth uxor Ricardi de Vernone"[1677].

Richard & his wife had [one child]:

1. [JEAN de Vernon (-after Apr 1231). The primary source which confirms Jean’s parentage has not been identified, but the chronology suggests that he succeeded Richard de Vernon at Gouvieux and was probably his son. “Jean de Vernon et sa femme Elisabeth” freed their serfs “de Gouvieux” by charter dated Apr 1231 (vidimus 1286)[1678]. m ELISABETH, daughter of --- (-after Apr 1231). “Jean de Vernon et sa femme Elisabeth” freed their serfs “de Gouvieux” by charter dated Apr 1231 (vidimus 1286)[1679].]

Insufficient sources have been found to reconstruct the later generations of the Vernon family, except as shown below. The common reference to Gouvieux indicates that Guillaume shown below was descended from Richard shown above. The chronology suggests the possibility of an intervening generation.

1. GUILLAUME de Vernon (-[16 Jun?] [Feb 1274/Jul 1280]). Guillaume’s parentage has not been confirmed. The chronology suggests that he was the son of Jean de Vernon. Seigneur de Gouvieux, Châtelain de Montmélian. “Adam abbé de Saint-Vincent” published his agreement with “Guillaume de Vernon seigneur de Gouviex” regarding repairs to a canal and locks by charter dated Feb 1273 (O.S.)[1680]. He is named as deceased in the charter cited below. [The necrology of Montebourg records the death "16 Jun" of "Guillelmus de Vernone ultimus"[1681]. It is unclear to whom this entry refers: maybe to this “Guillaume de Vernon” if he was the last of his line.] m ALIX de Meulan, daughter of --- (-after Jun 1284). “Guillaume Kaletot, devenu châtelain de Montmélian et seigneur de Gouvieux par échange avec Guillaume de Vernon” and “la veuve de celui-ci Alix de Meullent” agreed her dower by charters dated Jul and 1 Aug 1280[1682]. King Philippe III approved the dower of “Alix de Meullent” and the future dower of “Marie femme de Guillaume Kaletot” by charter dated 1 Nov 1283[1683]. Four charters dated Jun 1284 record agreements between Saint-Denis and “Guillaume Kaletot et Alix de Meullent” concerning the dower of the latter[1684]. Guillaume & his wife had [one child]:

a) [MARIE (-after 1 Nov 1283). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not been found. One explanation for the charters cited above under Guillaume’s wife is that Guillaume Kaletot was his son-in-law. King Philippe III approved the dower of “Alix de Meullent” and the future dower of “Marie femme de Guillaume Kaletot” by charter dated 1 Nov 1283[1685]. m GUILLAUME Kaletot, son of --- (-after Jun 1284).]

Chapter 3. MEULAN

A. COMTES de MEULAN

The county of Meulan developed outside Norman territory in the Vexin near Paris. The counts became vassals of the Norman dukes by the end of the 11th century, presumably in respect of territories granted to them in Normandy itself. Meulan may have been an important fortification prior to that time, as Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Rollo" captured “Mellenti municipium” after defeating “Rainaldus totius Franciæ dux” at the river Eure[1686], maybe dateable to [900].

1. GALERAN [I] [de Chartres], son of --- (-11 Nov before [985/87]). Comte de Meulan. m (after Oct 947) as her second husband, LIEGARDIS Ctss de Meulan et de Mantes, widow of RAOUL [II] Comte de Cambrai, daughter of --- (-12 Nov [990/91]). "Liutgarde veuve du comte Raoul" donated property to Saint-Cyr de Nevers by charter dated Oct 947[1687]. The primary source which confirms her title and second marriage has not yet been identified. Galéran [I] & his wife had one child:

a) GALERAN [II] de Meulan (-10 Apr ----). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Meulan. The necrology of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan records the death "IV Id Apr" of "secundus Galerannus comes Mellenti benefactor noster"[1688]. m ---. The name of Galéran's wife is not known. Galéran [II] & his wife had three children:

i) HUGUES [I] de Meulan (-after 25 Aug 1005). "…Hugo filius Waleranni comitis" are named as present in the charter dated 1035 under which "Willelmus adhuc puerulus…Roberti comitis filius" donated "Turstini villa" to the abbey of Préaux[1689]. Comte de Meulan 998. m --- de Valois, daughter of GAUTHIER [II] "le Blanc" Comte d'Amiens, de Mantes, de Valois et du Vexin & his wife Adela ---. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "Waleranni comitis [Mellentini]" as daughter of "Gauterus Albus de Albamarla"[1690]. Yves de Chartres names "Gualterius Albus" as father of "matrem Gualeranni comitis"[1691]. Hugues & his wife had [two] children:

(a) GALERAN [III] de Meulan (-8 Dec 1069). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Waleranni comitis [Mellentini]" as son of "filia Gauterus Albus de Albamarla"[1692]. Comte de Meulan.

- see below.

(b) [daughter . Her parentage and marriage are suggested by the charter dated 1066 under which [her son] "Richardus Herluini filius, comitis Galerani Mellenti nepos" donated property to Coulombs, for the love of "fratris mei Roberti predictæ ecclesiæ abbatis, ac etiam…amitæ meæ Helvisæ reclusæ", by charter dated "apud Meullentum castrum" 1066[1693]. This assumes that the word "nepos" in this document can be interpreted in its strict sense of nephew. m HILDUIN Vicomte [de Meulan], son of HUGUES Vicomte [de Meulan] & his wife --- (-[after 1061]).]

ii) LAMBERT de Meulan . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

iii) EMMA de Meulan . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

GALERAN [III] de Meulan, son of HUGUES [I] Comte de Meulan & his wife --- de Valois (-8 Dec 1069). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Waleranni comitis [Mellentini]" as son of "filia Gauterus Albus de Albamarla"[1694]. Yves de Chartres names "Gualterius Albus" as father of "matrem Gualeranni comitis"[1695]. Comte de Meulan. Guillaume of Jumièges recounts that "comitibus Hugone...Cenomanensi ac Waleranno Mellendesi" were among those who joined the army of Eudes Comte de Blois in attempting to capture the château de Tillières {Verneuil, Eure} from Richard II Duke of Normandy, and that Hugues escaped after hiding in a sheep's stable and disguising himself as a shepherd before regaining Le Mans, an event dated to the early 1000s[1696]. "Gualerannus, Mellentis castri comes" donated a family of servants to "Sancti Petri Gisecii…Carnotensis", by undated charter, signed by "Gualeranni comitis, Hugonis primogeniti, coniugis Adelidis, Gualeranni filii, Fulcoisi filii, Teduini vicecomitis…"[1697]. “…Walterius comes Pontisariensis, Willelmus comes Corboilensis, Ivo comes Bellomontensis, Walerannus comes Melledensis” are named among those present at the opening of the reliquary of Saint-Denis, dated 9 Jun 1053[1698].

m firstly (before 1015) ODA, daughter of ---. “Hugo comes Mellenti” founded the monastery of St Cosmus and St Damian, for the souls of “conjugis…Adelidis…genitoris mei comitis Galeranni atque Odæ genetricis meæ”, by charter dated 1067[1699]. 1030.

m secondly ADELAIS, daughter of --- (-31 May ----). She had previously been his concubine. "Vualeranni comitis, Hugonis filii eius, Adilais uxoris eius" subscribed a charter dated to before 1031 recording a donation to Jumièges[1700]. 1031/36, 1066. "Gualerannus, Mellentis castri comes" donated a family of servants to "Sancti Petri Gisecii…Carnotensis", by undated charter, signed by "Gualeranni comitis, Hugonis primogeniti, coniugis Adelidis, Gualeranni filii, Fulcoisi filii, Teduini vicecomitis…"[1701].

Galéran [III] & his first wife had two children:

1. HUGUES [III] de Meulan (-15 Oct 1081). "Vualeranni comitis, Hugonis filii eius, Adilais uxoris eius" subscribed a charter dated to before 1031 recording a donation to Jumièges[1702]. He is named as the brother-in-law of Roger de Beaumont by Orderic Vitalis[1703]. "Gualerannus, Mellentis castri comes" donated a family of servants to "Sancti Petri Gisecii…Carnotensis", by undated charter, signed by "Gualeranni comitis, Hugonis primogeniti, coniugis Adelidis, Gualeranni filii, Fulcoisi filii, Teduini vicecomitis…"[1704]. Comte de Meulan. The charter dated Oct 1056 under which "Mellendis castelli comes Hugo natus patre Waleranno" donated property to the abbey of Jumièges[1705] shows that he succeeded as comte well before his father's death, assuming that this charter is correctly dated and that Waléran's date of death is as shown above. “Hugo comes Mellenti” founded the monastery of St Cosmus and St Damian, for the souls of “conjugis…Adelidis…genitoris mei comitis Galeranni atque Odæ genetricis meæ”, by charter dated 1067[1706]. "Hugo comes Mellenti" donated the church of St Cosme to Coulombs, for the souls of "conjugis nostræ Adelaidis…genitoris mei comitis Galerani et Odæ genitricis meæ", by charter dated 1069, witnessed by "…Richardi filii Herluini"[1707]. He became a monk at Bec before 1081. The necrology of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan records the death "Id Oct" of "Hugo comes Mellenti"[1708]. m ADELAIS, daughter of ---(-after 1069). “Hugo comes Mellenti” founded the monastery of St Cosmus and St Damian, for the souls of “conjugis…Adelidis…genitoris mei comitis Galeranni atque Odæ genetricis meæ”, by charter dated 1067[1709]. "Hugo comes Mellenti" donated the church of St Cosme to Coulombs, for the souls of "conjugis nostræ Adelaidis…genitoris mei comitis Galerani et Odæ genitricis meæ", by charter dated 1069[1710].

2. ADELINE de Meulan (-8 Apr 1081, bur Abbaye du Bec). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius de Bellomonte” married “Adelinam, Waleranni comitis Mellenti filiam“, by whom he had “duos filios Robertum et Henricum...postea comites”, and that Roger succeeded “post Hugonem avunculum suum comes Mellentis”[1711]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rogerius de Bellomonte” was “gener Gualeranni comitis Mellentici et Hugonius sororius”[1712]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to "matrem Roberti comitis Mellentini" as daughter of "Waleranni comitis [Mellentini]"[1713]. Yves de Chartres names "Gualterius Albus" as father of "matrem Gualeranni comitis" and adds that the latter was the father of "matrem Roberti comitis"[1714]. Her son inherited Meulan from her brother Hugues Comte de Meulan. Robert count of Mellent donated property to St Pierre, Préaux for the souls of his parents Roger de Bellomonte and Adelina his wife, by charter dated to [1099][1715]. m ROGER de Beaumont-le-Roger Seigneur de Beaumont et de Pont-Audemer, son of HONFROI de Vieilles & his wife Aubreye --- (-29 Nov 1094, bur Préaux, monastery of Saint-Pierre). He contributed 60 ships to the fleet of Guillaume II Duke of Normandy which invaded England in 1066[1716].

Galéran [III] & his [first/second] wife had [two] children:

3. DODA de Meulan . Orderic Vitalis records that "Guillelmus de Molinis…marchioni" married secondly "Dudam filiam Gualeranni de Mellento"[1717]. m as his second wife, GUILLAUME Seigneur de Moulins-la-Marche, son of GAUTHIER de Falaise & his wife --- (-19 Oct [1100], bur Saint-Evroul[1718]).

4. [--- . The parentage of this person is indicated by the Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ which records that "Willermus, nobili Normannorum prosapia originem...in...castro super Rislam...Monsfortis...pater eius Turstinus, mater...Albereda...Rogerii de Bello Monte patris Roberti comitis Mellenti ex uxore neptis" succeeded as third abbot of Bec[1719]. It is not known whether he/she was the same person as one of the other brothers or sisters of Adeline who are named in this section.] m ---. One child:

a) ALBREDA . Her marriage and family origin are confirmed by the Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ which records that "Willermus, nobili Normannorum prosapia originem...in...castro super Rislam...Monsfortis...pater eius Turstinus, mater...Albereda...Rogerii de Bello Monte patris Roberti comitis Mellenti ex uxore neptis" succeeded as third abbot of Bec[1720]. m THURSTAN de Montfort-sur-Risle, son of [HUGUES [I] Seigneur de Montfort-sur-Risle & his wife ---].

Galéran [III] & his second wife had two children:

5. GALERAN de Meulan . "Gualerannus, Mellentis castri comes" donated a family of servants to "Sancti Petri Gisecii…Carnotensis", by undated charter, signed by "Gualeranni comitis, Hugonis primogeniti, coniugis Adelidis, Gualeranni filii, Fulcoisi filii, Teduini vicecomitis…"[1721]. 1066. He left descendants, extinct in the male line in 13th century[1722].

6. FOULQUES de Meulan . "Gualerannus, Mellentis castri comes" donated a family of servants to "Sancti Petri Gisecii…Carnotensis", by undated charter, signed by "Gualeranni comitis, Hugonis primogeniti, coniugis Adelidis, Gualeranni filii, Fulcoisi filii, Teduini vicecomitis…"[1723].

B. COMTES de MEULAN, SEIGNEURS de BEAUMONT-le-ROGER

ROGER de Vieilles "Barbatus" [de Beaumont], son of HONFROI Seigneur de Vieilles & his wife Aubrey --- (-29 Nov 1094, bur Préaux, monastery of Saint-Pierre). "…Humfridus constructor eiusdem loci cum filiis suis Rogerio, Roberto, Willelmo…" are named as present in the charter dated to [1034] under which "Willelmus adhuc puerulus…Roberti comitis filius" donated "Turstini villa" to the abbey of Préaux[1724]. As "Roger of Beaumont", he is named as the son of Honfroy de Vieilles by Orderic Vitalis[1725]. "…Rogerius filius Hunfredi…" witnessed the charter dated to [1042] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy donated "nostras insulas Serc et Aurrene, propter medietatem Grenere" to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel, supported by "Rannulfo filio Anschitilli"[1726]. The Genealogia Fundatoris of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names ”Humfridum de Vetulis” as father of “Rogeri de Bellomonte, ex quo comites de Warwike et Leicestriæ”[1727]. He built the castle of Beaumont-le-Roger on the hill above Vieilles[1728]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius Toenites de stirpe Malahulcii qui Rollonis ducis patruus fuerat” was “totius Normanniæ signifer“ rebelled against Duke Guillaume II and destroyed property in particular that of “Humfridi de Vetulis” who sent “Rogerium de Bellomonti filium suum” against Roger and killed him[1729]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Rogerius de Bellomonte et Rogerius de Monte-Gomerici...” among the leading lords under Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[1730]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Rogero de Beaumont" contributed 60 ships towards the invasion of England in 1066[1731]. He remained in Normandy as adviser to Duchess Mathilde during the conquest[1732]. Robert son of Humphrey consented to a donation to St Pierre, Préaux, by charter dated to the reign of William I King of England[1733]. "…Rotgerius de Bello monte, Hainricus filius eius…" witnessed the charter dated to [1073] under which William I King of England confirmed the donation by "Nielli filii alterius Nielli" made by "suus pater" of six churches on Guernsey to the abbey of Marmoutier[1734]. He witnessed charters of William I King of England until 1082[1735]. “Rogerius et filii mei Robertus et Henricus” donated “decimam tocius Brotonie” to Saint-Wandrille by charter dated 13 Jan 1086[1736]. Domesday Book records “Roger de Beaumont” holding Stour Provost, Sturminster, Creech, Steeple, Church Knowle and Afflington in Dorset[1737]. He obtained the fiefdom of Brionne from Robert Duke of Normandy after surrendering the castellanship of Ivry[1738]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius...de Bellomonte filius Humfridi de Vetulis” founded “in fundo suo Pratellis duo cœnobia...unum monachorum alterum sanctimonialium”[1739]. "Rogerus de Bellomonte" founded la Sainte-Trinité de Beaumont-le-Roger, with the consent of "liberis meis Roberto comite Mellentensi et Henrico comite de Warwic", by charter dated [1088/89][1740]. Orderic Vitalis records that he became a monk at Saint-Pierre de Préaux, dated to after 1090, where he was buried[1741].

m ADELINE de Meulan, daughter of GALERAN [III] Comte de Meulan & his first wife Ode --- (-8 Apr 1081, bur abbaye du Bec). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius de Bellomonte” married “Adelinam, Waleranni comitis Mellenti filiam“, by whom he had “duos filios Robertum et Henricum...postea comites”, and that Robert succeeded “post Hugonem avunculum suum comes Mellentis”[1742]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rogerius de Bellomonte” was “gener Gualeranni comitis Mellentici et Hugonius sororius”[1743]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to "matrem Roberti comitis Mellentini" as daughter of "Waleranni comitis [Mellentini]"[1744]. Yves de Chartres names "Gualterius Albus" as father of "matrem Gualeranni comitis" and adds that the latter was the father of "matrem Roberti comitis"[1745]. Her son inherited Meulan from her brother Hugues Comte de Meulan. Robert count of Mellent donated property to St Pierre, Préaux for the souls of his parents Roger de Bellomonte and Adelina his wife, by charter dated to [1099][1746].

Roger & his wife had three children:

1. ROBERT de Beaumont-le-Roger ([1046]-5 or 6 Jun 1118, bur Préaux, monastery of Saint-Pierre). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius de Bellomonte” married “Adelinam, Waleranni comitis Mellenti filiam“, by whom he had “duos filios Robertum et Henricum...postea comites”, and that Robert succeeded “post Hugonem avunculum suum comes Mellentis”[1747]. Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertum et Henricum” as the heirs of “Rogerius...de Bellomonte”, adding that Robert inherited “comitatum de Mellento in pago Vilcasino hereditario jure post Hugonem Adelinæ matris suæ fratrem” and possessed “in Anglia comitatum Legecestriæ” which he was granted by King Henry I[1748]. He succeeded his mother's family in 1081 as Comte de Meulan. He succeeded his father in [1090] as Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger, de Vieilles et de Pont-Audemer.

- see below.

2. HENRY de Beaumont ([1048]-[20 Jun] 1119, bur Préaux). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius de Bellomonte” married “Adelinam, Waleranni comitis Mellenti filiam“, by whom he had “duos filios Robertum et Henricum...postea comites” and that Henry received “comitatum Warwik” from “Willelmi regis in Anglia”[1749]. Orderic Vitalis records that William I King of England constructed “castrum apud Guarevicum” [Warwick] and entrusted it to “Henrico Rogerii de Bellomonte filio”, dated to 1068[1750]. "…Rotgerius de Bello monte, Hainricus filius eius…" witnessed the charter dated to [1073] under which William I King of England confirmed the donation by "Nielli filii alterius Nielli" made by "suus pater" of six churches on Guernsey to the abbey of Marmoutier[1751].

- EARLS of WARWICK.

3. AUBREY de Beaumont (-1112). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Abbess of Saint-Léger-de-Préaux, later Abbess of Eton[1752].

ROBERT de Beaumont-le-Roger, son of ROGER de Vieilles Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger & his wife Adeline de Meulan ([1046]-5 or 6 Jun 1118, bur Préaux, monastery of Saint-Pierre[1753]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that “Rogerius de Bellomonte” married “Adelinam, Waleranni comitis Mellenti filiam“, by whom he had “duos filios Robertum et Henricum...postea comites”, and that Robert succeeded “post Hugonem avunculum suum comes Mellentis”[1754]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Rodbertus tiro Rogerii de Bellomonte filius...” among those who took part in the battle of Hastings[1755]. He was rewarded by William I King of England with the grant of lands, mainly in Warwickshire and Leicestershire. He succeeded his mother's family in 1081 as Comte de Meulan. Orderic Vitalis names “Rodbertum et Henricum” as the heirs of “Rogerius...de Bellomonte”, adding that Robert inherited “comitatum de Mellento in pago Vilcasino hereditario jure post Hugonem Adelinæ matris suæ fratrem” and possessed “in Anglia comitatum Legecestriæ” which he was granted by King Henry I[1756]. “Rogerius et filii mei Robertus et Henricus” donated “decimam tocius Brotonie” to Saint-Wandrille by charter dated 13 Jan 1086[1757]. Domesday Book records “the count of Meulan” holding numerous properties in Warwickshire[1758]. "Rogerus de Bellomonte" founded la Sainte-Trinité de Beaumont-le-Roger, with the consent of "liberis meis Roberto comite Mellentensi et Henrico comite de Warwic", by charter dated [1088/89][1759]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus comes Mellenti” demanded “arcem Ibreii” from Duke Robert who said that he had given “Brioniam...castrum” to Robert’s father in exchange for Ivry, that the duke imprisoned Robert and entrusted Brionne to “Rodberto Balduini filio”, dated to [1090][1760]. He succeeded his father in [1090] as Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger, de Vieilles et de Pont-Audemer. In [before 1094], he was imprisoned by Robert III Duke of Normandy after challenging the exchange of Ivry for Brionne agreed by his father, the Duke confiscating Brionne. He was released after the intervention of his father, and Brionne was restored to his father after being recaptured[1761]. He was granted the town of Leicester by Henry I King of England, and is thereby said to have become Earl of Leicester but there is no record of his having used this title[1762]. The Chronicon Rotomagensi records the death in 1118 of "Robertus comes de Mellent"[1763]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "VIII Id Jun" of "Robertus comes Mellentensis"[1764]. The necrology of Lyre monastery records the death "5 Jun" of "Robertus comes Mellenti"[1765].

[m firstly [as her first husband,] GODECHILDE de Tosny, daughter of RAOUL [III] de Tosny Seigneur de Conches & his wife Isabel de Montfort l'Amaury (-Germanicea, Cilicia Oct 1097[1766]). Orderic Vitalis names “Godehildem” as the daughter of “Radulfus...de Conchis filius Rogerii de Toenia” and his wife “filiam...Simonis [de Montefort]...Isabel”, recording that she married firstly “Rodberto...Mellentensium comiti” and secondly “Balduino filio Boloniensium consulis Eustachii”[1767]. The Complete Peerage[1768] says that this first marriage is "highly improbable" as Godechilde was still a young girl when she married Baudouin de Boulogne in 1096, although infant marriages were by no means unknown at the time. Orderic Vitalis makes no mention of any annulment of her alleged first marriage. The first "marriage" may have merely been a contract of betrothal. She married [secondly] ([1090/1096]) as his second wife, Baudouin de Boulogne, who was chosen in 1100 to succeed as Baudouin I King of Jerusalem.]

m [secondly] ([1096], divorced 1115) as her first husband, ISABELLE [Elisabeth] de Vermandois, daughter of HUGUES de France Comte de Vermandois et de Valois [Capet] & his wife Adelais Ctss de Vermandois [Carolingian] ([before 1088][1769]-17 Feb 1131, bur Lewes). Orderic Vitalis records that in 1096 "Hugo Crispeii comes" placed "Radulfo et Henrico filiis suis" in charge of his land, married "Ysabel filiam suam" to "Rodberto de Mellento comiti", and left on pilgrimage taking "secum nobile agmen Francorum"[1770]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that ”secundus Willelmus de Warenna comes Surreiæ...tertius Willelmus filius eius” was born to “Elizabeth filia Hugonis Magni comitis Viromandorum”, who had first married “Roberto comiti Mellenti” by whom she had “tres filios et totidem filias”[1771]. She married secondly (1118) William [II] de Warenne Earl of Surrey. The necrology of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan records the death "XIII Kal Mar" of "Isabel comitissa Mellenti"[1772]. There appears to be no other "Isabelle Ctss de Melun" to whom this can refer apart from Isabelle de Vermandois. However, it is surprising that she is not referred to by the title of her second husband.

Comte Robert & his [second] wife had [nine] children:

1. [daughter (1102-). Daughter of Robert, Orderic Vitalis records that she was betrothed by her father to Amaury nephew of Guillaume Comte d'Evreux when only one year old but "various circumstances arose which prevented the marriage"[1773]. The identity of the daughter is unknown, but she may have been Isabelle (see below). She is named "Aline" in Europäische Stammtafeln[1774], but the source for this is not known. If it is correct, she was probably the same person as the daughter Adeline (see below). Betrothed (1103) to AMAURY [III] de Montfort, son of SIMON [I] Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury & his third wife Agnès d'Evreux (-[18/19] Apr [1137/38], bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). He succeeded his brother after [1104] as Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury, and after 1118 succeeded his maternal uncle as Comte d'Evreux.]

2. WALERAN de Beaumont (1104-Préaux 9/10 Apr 1166, bur Préaux, monastery of Saint-Pierre). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that he was the twin of his brother Robert[1775]. He succeeded his father as Comte de Meulan, and to his fiefs in Normandy.

- see below.

3. ROBERT de Beaumont "le Bossu" (1104-5 Apr 1168). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that he was the twin of his brother Waleran[1776]. He succeeded his father as Earl of Leicester.

- EARLS of LEICESTER.

4. ISABELLE de Beaumont ([1102/07]-after 1172). Guillaume de Jumièges records one illegitimate daughter of King Henry I as daughter of "Elizabeth sorore Waleranni comitis Mellenti"[1777]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Giselbertus filius Gisleberti" married “sororem Waleranni comitis Mellenti...Elizabeth” by whom he had “filium primogenitum...Richardum”[1778]. Henry II King of England confirmed the donations to the nuns of Saint-Saens by "Isabel comitissa qui fuit uxor Gilleberti comitis" by charter dated to [1172/1182][1779]. Mistress of HENRY I King of England, son of WILLIAM I "the Conqueror" King of England & his wife Mathilde de Flandre (Selby, Yorkshire Sep 1068-Saint-Denis le Ferment, Forêt d’Angers near Rouen 1/2 Dec 1135, bur Reading Abbey, Berkshire). m GILBERT FitzGilbert de Clare Earl of Pembroke, son of GILBERT FitzRichard Lord of Clare & his wife Adelisa de Clermont ([1100]-6 Jan 1148 or 1149, bur Tintern Abbey).

5. HUGH de Beaumont "Hugo pauper" (-after 1140). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[1780]. A favourite of King Stephen who gave him the castle and barony of Bedford in 1138, thereby creating him Earl of Bedford. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that "Hugo cognomina Pauper", who was granted "comitatum Bedefordiæ" after the expulsion of "Milone de Bellocampo", lost the castle, dated to [1140/41][1781]. He left England whereupon his earldom reverted to the crown[1782]. He was ejected from Bedford by the sons of Robert Beauchamp. He appears to have lapsed into poverty and was probably degraded from his peerage[1783]. m --- de Beauchamp, daughter of SIMON de Beauchamp & his wife ---. Orderic Vitalis records that "Hugoni cognomento Pauperi" married "filiam Simonis de Bello Campo"[1784]. Hugh & his wife had one child:

a) HUGH of Bedford . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m AMICIE de l'Isle, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Hugh & his wife had one child:

i) ABEL of Bedford . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

6. ADELINE de Beaumont . Guillaume of Jumièges records that “quartum Hugonem” married “Adelinam filiam Roberti comitis Mellenti” by whom he had “filium suum primogenitum Robertum et alios”[1785]. Orderic Vitalis names her as one of the three sisters of Waleran Comte de Meulan, whom he married to Hugues de Montfort[1786]. "Hugo de Monteforti filius Gisleberti de Gant" donated property with the consent of "…Haelina uxore mea et filiis meis Roberto et Valeranno" to Saint-Ymer-en-Auge by charter dated to [1145 or 1147], which also refers to donations by "Hugonis avi mei"[1787]. Arnoul Bishop of Lisieux declared the donation of the church of Saint-Ymer to the abbey of Bec by undated charter which names "Hugo de Monteforti et Robertus filius eius et Adelina uxor eius"[1788]. m ([1120]) HUGUES [IV] Seigneur de Montfort-sur-Risle, son of GILBERT van Gent & his wife Alix de Montfort-sur-Risle.

7. AUBREY de Beaumont . Orderic Vitalis records Waleran Comte de Meulan having three sisters (whom he does not name), one of whom he married to Hugues de Châteauneuf-en-Thimerais son of Gervase[1789]. "Hugo Castrinovi dominus" confirmed donations to the monastery of Saint-Vincent, with the consent of "uxore mea Alberedi et matre mea senior iam detenta Mabilia et filiis meis Hugone, Gervasio et Galeranno", by charter dated 1132[1790]. m ([1120]) HUGUES [II] Seigneur de Châteauneuf-en-Thimerais, son of GERVASE de Châteauneuf-en-Thimerais & his wife Mabel de Montgommery. He rebelled against Henry I King of England in Sep 1123, with his brothers-in-law Waléran de Meulan, Hugues de Montfort and Guillaume Louvel[1791].

8. MATHILDE de Beaumont . Orderic Vitalis records Waleran Comte de Meulan having three sisters (whom he does not name), one of whom he married to Guillaume Lovel son of Ascelin[1792]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m ([1120]) GUILLAUME Seigneur d'Ivry et de Breval, son of ASCELIN Goël & his wife ---. He rebelled against Henry I King of England in Sep 1123, with his brothers-in-law Waléran de Meulan, Hugues de Montfort and Hugues de Châteaufneuf[1793].

9. [AGNES . Agnes is shown as the possible daughter of Robert and wife of Guillaume de Say in Europäische Stammtafeln[1794], but the basis for this suggestion is not known. It is possible that there is confusion with Agnes, daughter of Hugues de Grantmesnil, who married "William de Say" (see above). m GUILLAUME Seigneur de Say Baron d'Aunay.]

WALERAN de Beaumont, son of ROBERT de Beaumont-le-Roger Comte de Meulan, Earl of Leicester & his wife Elisabeth de Vermandois [Capet] (1104-Préaux 9/10 Apr 1166, bur Préaux, monastery of Saint-Pierre). His parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that he was the twin of his brother Robert[1795]. He succeeded his father as Comte de Meulan, and to his fiefs in Normandy. He and his twin brother were brought up at the court of Henry I King of England[1796]. He rebelled against King Henry, with his brothers-in-law Hugues de Montfort, Hugues de Châteauneuf and Guillaume Louvel[1797], but was captured at the siege of Vatteville 26 Mar 1124. The king confiscated his lands and held him in prison for five years, successively at Rouen, Bridgenorth and Wallingford, until 1129. After the accession of King Stephen in 1135, Waléran supported the king who created him Earl of Worcester in 1138. However, he fled at the battle of Lincoln 2 Feb 1141 and came to an agreement with Geoffroy Comte d'Anjou who gave him the castle of Montfort-sur-Risle. "Gualeran comes Mellensis" confirmed his foundation of a chapel "at Watteville before the gates of his castle" by charter dated [1154/55], witnessed by his sons Robert and Waléran and his wife Agnes[1798]. "Galerannus comes Mellenti et Agnes uxor mea" confirmed various earlier donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie, including “decimas...apud Caudam...”, with the consent of "filiis nostris Roberto, Galeranno, Almarico, Rogerio, Rodulpho, Stephano", by charter dated 1165[1799]. Robert of Torigny records that "Gualerannus comes Mellenti" became "monachus Pratelli" in 1166[1800]. The Chronicle of Mont-Saint-Michel records his death 9 Apr 1166[1801].

Betrothed to (Easter 1136) MATHILDE de Blois, daughter of STEPHEN King of England & his wife Mathilde Ctss de Boulogne ([1133/34]-before 1141, bur Priory of Holy Trinity, Aldgate Without, London). Daughter of King Stephen, Orderic Vitalis records her betrothal when she was "two years old" but does not name her[1802]. The Chronicon Valassense names "comes Mellenti Gualerannus" and "uxore sua regis Stephani familia"[1803]. William of Newburgh records her burial, together with that of her brother Baudouin, as "children of King Stephen and Queen" and wife of "comitis de Medlint", quoting the records of Holy Trinity[1804].

m (1141) AGNES de Montfort, daughter of AMAURY [III] de Montfort Comte d'Evreux & his second wife Agnès de Garlande (-15 Dec 1181). Robert of Torigny refers to the wife of "Gualerannus comes Mellenti" as "sorore Simonis comitis Ebroicensis" but does not name her[1805]. "G comes Mellenti et A comitissa uxor mea" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe by undated charter[1806]. Her brother gave her Gournay-sur-Marne as her marriage portion[1807]. "Agnes comitissa Mell." donated property "haia de Lintot" to the monastery of Montvilliers for the soul of "Almarici comitis ebroicensis patris mei…[et]…comitis Mell. Gual. domini mei…et Roberti filii mei" by undated charter[1808]. "Gualeran comes Mellensis" confirmed his foundation of a chapel "at Watteville before the gates of his castle" by charter dated [1154/55], witnessed by his sons Robert and Gualeran and his wife Agnes[1809]. Amaury Seigneur de Gournay donated harvest to Gournay priory, the charter placed on the altar by “Agnes comitissa mater eius et Rogerus frater ipsius Amalrici et Aales uxor eius in cuius dote redditus istius annone hebebatur”, by undated charter (dated to before Dec 1181)[1810].

Waléran & his wife had [nine] children:

1. ROBERT de Beaumont ([1142/43?]-[16 Aug or 20 Sep] 1208, bur Préaux). "Gualeran comes Mellensis" confirmed his foundation of a chapel "at Watteville before the gates of his castle" by charter dated [1154/55], witnessed by his sons Robert and Waléran and his wife Agnes[1811]. He succeeded his father in 1166 as Comte de Meulan.

- see below.

2. WALERAN de Meulan (-after 1181). "Gualeran comes Mellensis" confirmed his foundation of a chapel "at Watteville before the gates of his castle" by charter dated [1154/55], witnessed by his sons Robert and Waleran and his wife Agnes[1812]. "Galerannus comes Mellenti et Agnes uxor mea" confirmed various earlier donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie, including “decimas...apud Caudam...”, with the consent of "filiis nostris Roberto, Galeranno, Almarico, Rogerio, Rodulpho, Stephano", by charter dated 1165[1813]. Canon at Rouen 1173/1181.

3. AMAURY [I] de Meulan ([1145/50?]-[1182/87?]). "Galerannus comes Mellenti et Agnes uxor mea" confirmed various earlier donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie, including “decimas...apud Caudam...”, with the consent of "filiis nostris Roberto, Galeranno, Almarico, Rogerio, Rodulpho, Stephano", by charter dated 1165[1814]. "Amalricus et Rogerus fratres mei" witnessed the undated charter of "R comes de Mellento" which confirmed the donation of "nobilis vir Galerannus comes pater meus" to Notre-Dame de la Trappe[1815]. An undated extract of accounts records donations made by “Robertus comes Mellenti”, witnessed by “…Emaurico et Rogerio fratribus meis”[1816]. Seigneur de Gournay-sur-Marne et de la Queue-en-Brie. “Amalricus de Gornaio” donated harvest to Gournay Sainte-Marie, the charter placed on the altar by “Agnes comitissa mater eius et Rogerus frater ipsius Amalrici et Aales uxor eius in cuius dote redditus istius annone hebebatur”, by undated charter (dated to before Dec 1181, when Amaury’s mother died)[1817]. The abbot of Saint-Martin-des-Champs recorded an agreement between "dominus Amalricus de Gornaio" and Gournay Sainte-Marie concerning their respective rights in "nemore...juxta Nusiacum super Maternam" by charter dated 1182[1818]. The date of Amaury’s death is uncertain. His absence from his wife’s [1186/87] charter suggests that he may already have been dead at the time. In any case, it is surprising that he was not named in his wife’s 8 Nov 1190 charter if he was still alive at that date. Depoin suggests that Amaury died "sans enfants...dès 1187/1188" and was succeeded by his brother Roger (citing Roger’s 1187 charter quoted below)[1819]. m ([1174/Dec 1181]) as her second husband, ALIX, widow of MATHIEU [II] Comte de Beaumont-sur-Oise, daughter of --- ([before 1142?]-6 Jan, 1191 or after). No document has been found which confirms Alix’s family origin. There is also doubt about any fiefs she may have held in her own right. La Roque records Alix as “dame de la baronnie de la Queuë”[1820], followed by Père Anselme (“dame de la Queuë”)[1821], neither author citing the source on which the information is based. This place was La Queue-en-Brie, about five kilometres east of Créteil in the present-day French département of Val-de-Marne, arrondissement Créteil, canton Plateau briard, a fief which appears to have been an ancestral property of Alix’s second husband (see the 1165 charter of Amaury [I]’s father quoted above, which confirmed donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie including “decimas...apud Caudam...”). Modern secondary sources name Alix “dame de Luzarches”[1822], which appears traceable to Douët d’Arcq who (doubting Anselme) says that “nous croirions...qu’elle sortait de la maison de Lusarches”, citing the 8 Nov 1190 charter quoted below[1823]. However, Hahn’s mid-19th century Essai sur l’histoire de Luzarches records that the Beaumont-sur-Oise family’s interest in Luzarches (located about 10 kilometres east of Beaumont-sur-Oise, in the present-day French département of Val-d’Oise, arrondissement Sarcelles, canton Fosses) followed the marriage of Mathieu [I] and Béatrix de Clermont[1824]. After the death of Alix’s sons by her first marriage, Luzarches passed to her first husband’s cousin, which presumably would not have happened if Alix had been “dame de Luzarches” in her own right. The working hypothesis is therefore that Alix’s first husband’s interest in Luzarches was inherited from his own family and was not held de iure uxoris, although maybe Alix received Luzarches as dower after her first husband died. The date of her marriage is estimated from the death of her first husband’s first wife, but bearing in mind the date of the following document which records her two sons. Given their births, it is unlikely that Alix was born much later than 1142. “Matheus comes Bellimontis” donated property to the monks of Saint-Léonor, with the consent of “Mathei filii sui primogeniti, ceterorumque filiorum eius, Philippi, Mathei atque Johannis” and the support of “Aelide comitissa”, by charter dated 1160[1825]. “Matheus comes Bellimontis” granted exemption from passage duties through his county to Lannoy abbey, with the consent of “Aelidi comitissa uxore mea filiis quoque meis Matheo et Philippo”, by charter dated 1166[1826]. “Mathei comitis, Mathei majoris et Mathei junioris et Philippi filiorum eius, Hugonis fratris eiusdem, Aelidis comitisse...” witnessed the charter dated [25 Mar 1170/25 Mar 1171] which records that “Ancoult d’Hénonville ecommunié” restored “la dîme de Nointel” to the monks of Nointel[1827]. “Amalricus de Gornaio” donated harvest to Gournay Sainte-Marie, the charter placed on the altar by “Agnes comitissa mater eius et Rogerus frater ipsius Amalrici et Aales uxor eius in cuius dote redditus istius annone hebebatur”, by undated charter (dated to before Dec 1181, when Amaury’s mother died)[1828]. Her second marriage is indicated by the following document: "Adeleidis comitissa quondam de Bellomonte nunc autem de Gornaio domina" donated property to the church of St Marie de Gournay by charter dated [1186/87], witnessed by "Matheus et Johannes filii predicte comitisse"[1829]. Her second marriage is indicated by the following document: "Adeleidis comitissa quondam de Bellomonte nunc autem de Gornaio domina" donated property to Sainte-Marie de Gournay by charter dated [1186/87], witnessed by "Matheus et Johannes filii predicte comitisse"[1830]. "Aales comitissa de Lusarchies" donated property to the priory of Saint-Léonor for the anniversary of "Matheus filius meus defunctus", with the consent of "Matheo comite Bellimontis et Johanne fratribus suis", by charter dated 8 Nov 1190[1831]. The Necrologium Bellimontense records the death “VI Id Jan” of “Aales mater Johannis comitis Bellimontis”[1832]. According to La Roque, Amaury [I] and his wife had seven children[1833], while Père Anselme lists eight children[1834]. Given Alix’s suggested birth date shown above, and the estimated date of her second marriage, it is unlikely that they are correct. No primary sources have been found which name any of Amaury’s children: it is more likely that the children attributed to him were in fact children of his brother Roger, or of Amaury [II] who is named below. This suggestion appears corroborated by Amaury’s younger brother Roger holding La Queue-en-Brie, which presumably would have passed to Amaury’s descendants if he had had children.

4. ROGER de Meulan ([1146/52?]-12 Jul [1221]). "Galerannus comes Mellenti et Agnes uxor mea" confirmed various earlier donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie, including “decimas...apud Caudam...”, with the consent of "filiis nostris Roberto, Galeranno, Almarico, Rogerio, Rodulpho, Stephano", by charter dated 1165[1835].

- see below.

5. RAOUL de Meulan (-after [1181]). "Galerannus comes Mellenti et Agnes uxor mea" confirmed various earlier donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie, including “decimas...apud Caudam...”, with the consent of "filiis nostris Roberto, Galeranno, Almarico, Rogerio, Rodulpho, Stephano", by charter dated 1165[1836]. Demeulant-Thauré records that “le comte de Meulan” [Robert] donated “la demeure de Guillaume à Meulan” to the Templars, at the request of “son frère Raoul”, by charter dated [1181][1837].

6. ETIENNE de Meulan (-after 1165). "Galerannus comes Mellenti et Agnes uxor mea" confirmed various earlier donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie, including “decimas...apud Caudam...”, with the consent of "filiis nostris Roberto, Galeranno, Almarico, Rogerio, Rodulpho, Stephano", by charter dated 1165[1838].

7. ISABELLE de Meulan (-10 May 1220, bur Savigny). Henry II King of England confirmed a donation to Savigny by "Ysabell filie Gualerandi comitis de Mellento", with the consent of "filiis suis Juhello…filio Gaufridi de Meduana, et Mauricio et Petro, filiis Mauricii de Creon", by charter dated to [Apr 1180/Jan 1183][1839]. "Mauricius de Creon Hugonis filius" donated property to Roë by charter dated 23 Jun 1191, witnessed by "…Guillelmo de Guierchia et Isabel uxore mea et filiis meis Mauricio et Petro…"[1840]. Her two marriages are confirmed by the undated charter by which her son "Mauritius dominus Credoni" confirmed the donation by "Constantia soror mea" of revenue set by "dominus Juhellus frater meus" at "apud Harperiam" to the abbey of Clarei, by undated charter, witnessed by "…domina Isabel matre mea, domina Gervasia…"[1841]. "Mauritius de Credone filius Hugonis" appointed "meæ uxoris Isabel" as guardian of his lands and his children in his undated testament when leaving for Jerusalem[1842]. The Gesta Guillelmi Majoris Andegavensis Episcopi names “dominis de Credonio…et Isabella Domina de Credonio” among those present at the burial of Bishop Guillaume, undated but stated to be during the reign of Philippe II King of France[1843]. "Constancia soror domini Amaurici de Credone" donated property to Roë, with the consent of “...Isabel matris meæ et Juhel de Meduana et Amauricii de Credone fratrum meorum”, by charter dated 1217[1844]. The Chronicon Savigniacensis Monasterii records the death in 1220 of "Juhellus de Meduana…domina Isabel mater eius"[1845]. The necrology of Angers Cathedral records the death "Kal Mai" of "Isabellis domina de Credonio"[1846]. m firstly ([1161]) as his second wife, GEOFFROY Seigneur de Mayenne, son of JUHEL Seigneur de Mayenne & his wife Clémence de Ponthieu (-18 Feb or 25 Jul 1169). m secondly ([1170]) MAURICE [II] Seigneur de Craon, son of HUGUES Seigneur de Craon & his second wife Isabelle de Vitré (-12 Jul 1196).

8. [MARIE de Meulan ([1145/60?]-). La Roque names “Marie de Meullent dame de la baronnie de Cleuuille et de Talbot” as second daughter of Waléran de Meulan, in a later passage naming her husband “Huë de Talebot Baron de Cleuuille”, identifying him as the son of “Godeffroy de Talebot qui s’empara de la ville d’Herford, vivoit l’an 1138”[1847]. The last-named is identified as Geoffrey [II] Talbot (died 22 Aug 1140) in the document ENGLISH LORDS T-Z, but no record has been found of his having a son named Hugh/Hugues. Morandière records the unnamed father of Jeanne Talbot as the son of "Richard Talebot…compagnon de son voisin Grondebœuf à Hastings"[1848]. The primary sources which confirms this information have not been identified. Until such sources emerge, it is suggested that these supposed persons should be treated with caution. m HUGUES Talbot Baron de Cleuville Seigneur de Hotot-sur-Mer, son of [RICHARD [I] Talbot & his wife ---].]

9. [AMICIE de Meulan ([1145/60?]-). La Roque names “Amicie de Meullent dame de la baronnie de Ferrieres” as third daughter of Waléran de Meulan, in a later passage naming her husband “Henry sire et Baron de Ferrieres”[1849]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. The chronology suggests that, if the information is correct, Amicie’s husband would have been Henri son of Walkelin de Ferrers. m HENRI de Ferrers Seigneur de Ferrières, son of WALKELIN de Ferrers & his wife --- (-after 1207).]

From this point on, the reconstruction of the Meulan family is complicated by the numerous inaccuracies and inconsistencies introduced by La Roque in his 1662 Histoire généalogique de la maison de Harcourt. Père Anselme complicated matters further by adopting many of La Roque’s conclusions, while adding some of his own observations which also appear inconsistent with the primary source documents now available[1850]. However, neither La Roque nor Anselme can be dismissed entirely as many of their observations include elements of truth. The problem is sifting the wheat from the chaff. The following reconstructions reflect all available primary source material, including documents reproduced by La Roque, and attempt at the same time to explain where La Roque and Anselme went wrong. I am grateful to Bert M. Kamp for his ideas and contributions in helping to arrive at the solutions to the various problems which are proposed below.

ROBERT de Beaumont, son of WALERAN de Beaumont[-le-Roger] Comte de Meulan [previously Earl of Worcester] & his wife Agnes de Montfort ([1142/43?]-[16 Aug or 20 Sep] 1208, bur Préaux). "Gualeran comes Mellensis" confirmed his foundation of a chapel "at Watteville before the gates of his castle" by charter dated [1154/55], witnessed by his sons Robert and Waléran and his wife Agnes[1851]. "Galerannus comes Mellenti et Agnes uxor mea" confirmed various earlier donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie, including “decimas...apud Caudam...”, with the consent of "filiis nostris Roberto, Galeranno, Almarico, Rogerio, Rodulpho, Stephano", by charter dated 1165[1852]. He succeeded his father in 1166 as Comte de Meulan: Robert of Torigny records that "filius eius Robertus" succeeded "Gualerannus comes Mellenti" when he became a monk in 1166[1853]. "R comes de Mellento" confirmed the donation of "nobilis vir Galerannus comes pater meus" to Notre-Dame de la Trappe by undated charter[1854]. "Robertus comes Mellenti" confirmed donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie made by "pater meus Galerannus comes et mater mea Agnes", in the presence of "Willelmus de Garlanda, Robertus Malusvicinus et Drogo de Mello fratres, Willelmus Malusvicinus, Manasses frater eius…", by undated charter dated to after 1166[1855]. An undated extract of accounts records donations made by “Robertus comes Mellenti”, witnessed by “…Emaurico et Rogerio fratribus meis”[1856]. [Founder of Barbery abbey: La Roque quotes two documents of Barbery abbey dated 1222 and 1223 which record “cartas comitis de Meullent et Henrici regis” confirming donations and that “[le] Comte de Meullent” founded the abbey[1857]. These documents probably refer to the earlier foundation and confirmations by Robert Comte de Meulan, in which case “Henrici regis” was Henry II King of England.] A charter dated early Jul 1272 records that “Robertus filius Gallerani comitis Mellenti...assensu Matildæ uxoris meæ” had (presumably earlier, unless the charter is misdated) donated revenue from property “in Anglia in villa...Cherlentona” to Saint-Audemer Saint-Gilles[1858]. "Robertus comes Mellenti" donated property to Notre-Dame du Bon-Port by charter dated to [1190], signed by "Petrus filius meus"[1859]. Depoin records that Robert took part in the Third Crusade (“[il] suivit l’armée du roi d’Angleterre, qui prit la mer en juillet 1190”), without citing the primary source which confirms the information[1860]. "Robertus comes Mellenti" donated property to Notre-Dame du Bon-Port by charter dated 1192, signed by "Henricus filius meus…"[1861]. “Robertus comes Mellenti” donated revenue “in molendinis meis de Stagno” to Beaumont-le-Roger priory, for the salvation of “meæ et Henrici filii mei”, by charter dated 7 Jan 1195 (O.S.?), witnessed by “Galeranno filio meo...”[1862]. He experienced major difficulties in balancing the interests of Normandy, France and England, as landholder in all three jurisdictions. By writ dated 2 Apr 1203, John King of England pardoned Robert "all the wrath and malevolence which we had against you" and granted him safe passage to visit him[1863]. By writ dated 28 May 1203, King John notified that "Comte Robert de Meulan had pledged all his land of Normandy to us for 5000 marks of silver"[1864]. Robert Comte de Meulan devised his lands in Normandy and England "ex toto to Mabiria wife of William Earl of the Isle and to have them confirmed to [her], as to his next heir [tanquam heredi meo propinquiori]", by charter dated 1 May 1204 "copied into the cartulary of Beaulieu in the forest of Préaux near Rouen", witnessed by "John de Préaux, William de Préaux…"[1865]. Eventually Philippe II King of France seized all his estates in France and John King of England all those in England[1866]: the terms for the surrender of Rouen (to the French king) dated late May 1204 excepted "Comite de Mellento et Guillelmo Crasso et Rogero de Thoonicao et filiis eius"[1867], while similar action was taken by the English king related to lands in Dorset (although writs dated 24 Jan and 30 May 1206 and 14 Nov 1207 ordered some payments and property to Robert)[1868]. Demeulant-Thauré indicates that, when Philippe II King of France captured Normandy from John King of England, the French king “exclut Robert de Meulan...des conventions qui laissent certains avantages à quelques partisans de Jean sans Terre” and that “le titre héréditaire de comte de Meulan...est aboli”[1869]. Thomas Stapleton states that Comte Robert, after he divested himself of all his lands, "was alive at the close of the year 1207" (without citing the corresponding primary source) and that his "obit…was kept on the 20th Sept by the monks of Préaux and on the 16th Aug by those of St Nicaise de Meulan"[1870]. Robert presumably died in 1208 as his younger brother Roger is recorded as seigneur de Meulan in a charter dated Feb 1208 (presumably O.S.) (see below).

m ([1165]) MATILDA of Cornwall, daughter of RAINALD de Dunstanville Earl of Cornwall & his wife Beatrice FitzWilliam (-[1216/12 Feb 1221]). Robert of Torigny records the marriage of "filius eius [Gualeranni comitis Mellenti] Robertus" and "filiam Rainaldi comitis Cornubiensis" but does not name her[1871]. Letters dated 25 Oct 1212 record that King John ordered a pension payable to “Matildis comtesse de Meulan”[1872]. Stapleton says that Matilda "survived through the whole reign of King John and held, of the inheritance of her father...two manors in [Cornwall]...St. Clement’s, otherwise Moris, and Rillaton in the parish of Stoke Climsland", which after her death were granted by King Henry III to "his favourite Falcasius de Breauté" 12 Feb 1221[1873].

Comte Robert & his wife had [seven] children:

1. WALERAN de Meulan ([1166/67?]-after 7 Jan [1195/96?]). "Galerannus filius Roberti comes Mellentis" donated property to Notre-Dame du Bon-Port by charter dated to [1190][1874]. The romanticised and undated (but presumably much later) Roman de Foulques de Crète which records that “Galeran de Mullent” was killed by “le Turc”[1875]. If that source is accurate, Waléran took part in the Third Crusade, presumably with his father. The following document suggests that the Roman is inaccurate: “Robertus comes Mellenti” donated revenue “in molendinis meis de Stagno” to Beaumont-le-Roger priory, for the salvation of “meæ et Henrici filii mei”, by charter dated 7 Jan 1195 (O.S.?), witnessed by “Galeranno filio meo...”[1876]. If the date included in the charter is correct, Waléran (if he did leave on crusade, as suggested by his marriage contract quoted below) returned safely. The 1247 document quoted below indicates that Waléran died “ante guerram per quam fuit conquesta Normannia” and so predeceased his father. m (contract 25 Dec 1189) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Fougères, widow of GUILLAUME Bertrand, daughter of RAOUL Seigneur de Fougères & his wife Mathilde --- (-after 25 Jul 1204). The marriage contract between “Galeranum filium Roberti comitis Mellenti” and “Margaritam filiam Radulfi de Feugeriis”, Robert granting revenue from “Brionium integre” (except “præter feodum Roberti de Haricuria, et præter feodum Rogerii de Planes et Sahurs integre”) and “.in Willebod” as dower, and her father granting “terram suam de Beniterone” [Bennington, Lincolnshire] as dowry and before that land was freed “Quinteronium” [which Stapleton suggested was Ipplepen, Devon[1877], transcribed as “Ipplepane” by Delisle & Passy in their transcription of the same charter[1878]] which would thereafter revert to Raoul de Fougères, is dated 25 Dec 1189, stating that she would retain the marriage portion given with her to “Willelmo Bertranno” which after her death would revert to “Bertranni filii Willelmi Bertranni” and, if the latter died without heirs, to Raoul de Fougères[1879]. Stapleton highlights that the marriage contract provided for his widow’s dower if Waléran died (it suggests he was planning to go to Jerusalem: “si contigerit quod Galerannus arripiat iter apud Jerusalem”) and any heir born of the marriage "should remain in the power of comte Robert" who would “appoint him heir of all his honour and land...except the land which comte Robert is about to give in marriage to his daughter”[1880]. Marguerite returned to Brittany some time after her second husband died, and was deprived of her property as shown by the following documents. King John granted “manerium de Spelepenne qd fuit uxor Walerami de Medlent añq Ric de Haracrt” dated 22 May 1203[1881]. A writ dated 7 Feb 1203 (O.S.?) ordered land "which had belonged to Margaret filia Willemi [error for Radulphi] de Feugeriis, who was with the Britons [=Bretons]" to be given to “Richard d’Harcourt”, while another writ dated 12 Feb 1203 (O.S.?) ordered payment of rent “qui fuit Margarete uxoris quondam Waleranni de Mellent, sororis Willelmi [error for filiæ Radulphi?] de Feugeriis, que est cum Britonibus” to Richard d’Harcourt[1882]. The following document suggests that Marguerite was still alive at the time: "Dominum Willelmum de Filgeriis" and "Gaufridum de Filg. nepotem suum" settled a dispute “super feodo Rad. de Filgeriis et Olivæ matris suæ”, under which Geoffroy ceded “Coglesium...Marcilleium...terras et totum feodum de Anglia excepto maritagio dominæ Margaritæ” to his great-uncle for life, by charter dated 25 Jul 1204[1883]. Waléran & his wife had [two children]:

a) [RAOUL de Meulan ([1190/95?]-after Apr 1255, maybe after 1266). Europäische Stammtafeln suggests that the Meulan/Courseulles family descended from Waléran, naming Raoul [I] de Meulan Seigneur de Courseulles as his possible son[1884]. Raoul’s parentage is supposedly confirmed by a document listed in Querimoniæ Normannorum dated 1247, quoted in full in the Corseulles/Melun section[1885], where the difficulties with this document are also discussed.]

- SEIGNEURS de COURSEULLES.

b) [ROBERT de Meulan (-after 1222). Europäische Stammtafeln shows his parentage with the date 1222[1886]. It is assumed that this information has been copied from Père Anselme[1887]. Anselme has partially copied from La Roque who, in a genealogical table reproduces the same information, but in his text names “Robert Comte de Meullent” (noting that he confirmed the privileges of Bonport and of the “ville et hospital du Pontaudemer dont il estoit seigneur”, citing “les registres du parlement...1272”) as son of “Robert II Comte de Meullent et de Marguerite de Fougères” and as parents of “Mabile de Meullent comtesse de Devon” (daughter of Robert Comte de Meulan, see below)[1888], which is clearly confused. The confirmations in question presumably relate to Robert Comte de Meulan (see above). La Roque (cited by Anselme) also quotes two documents of Barbery abbey dated 1222 and 1223 which record “cartas comitis de Meullent et Henrici regis” confirming donations, and that “[le] Comte de Meullent” founded the abbey[1889], but the reference to “comitis de Meullent” indicates an earlier Comte de Meulan because Comte Robert (died 1208) was deprived of the comital title in [1205] (see above). Presumably this Robert de Meulan, son of Waléran and grandson of Comte Robert, never existed. m AGNES de Préaux, daughter of ---. Europäische Stammtafeln shows her supposed family origin and marriage, with the date 1204[1890]. She has not been traced in the Préaux family (see the document NORMANDY NOBILITY-AVRANCHES, BAYEUX, COTENTIN). It is assumed that this information has been copied from Père Anselme, who also specifies the date 1204, citing “La Roque table généalogique”[1891]. This date is too early for Robert to have been married if was the son of Waléran. As noted above, it is unlikely that her supposed husband existed. However, it is not known whether she may have married another member of the Meulan family. In this respect, it is interesting to note that Robert Comte de Meulan’s 1 May 1204 charter (cited above) was witnessed by "John de Préaux, William de Préaux…"[1892], which could indicate a close connection between the Melun and Préaux families. In addition, Comte Robert himself was buried at Préaux. It is not possible that Agnes was the second wife of Comte Robert, who was survived by his wife Matilda of Cornwall (see above).]

2. MABILE de Meulan ([1166/72]-after 1 May 1204). Her marriage date is estimated from the marriage date of her daughter Mary. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy", records that Robert Comte de Meulan devised his lands in Normandy and England "ex toto to Mabiria wife of William Earl of the Isle and to have them confirmed to [her], as to his next heir [tanquam heredi meo propinquiori]", by charter dated 1 May 1204 "copied into the cartulary of Beaulieu in the forest of Préaux near Rouen", witnessed by "John de Préaux, William de Préaux…"[1893]. The Fundationis et Fundatorum Historia of Forde Abbey names “Mabilia comitissa” as the wife of ”Willielmum de Vernona”[1894]. “Willielmus de Vernon comes Devoniæ et filius comitis Baldewini” donated property to Quarr Abbey, for the souls of “…et uxoris meæ Mabiliæ comitissæ”, by undated charter[1895]. m ([1178/86]) WILLIAM de Vernon Earl of Devon, son of BALDWIN de Reviers Earl of Devon & his first wife Adelisa --- (-8 or 10 Sep 1217, bur Christ Church, Twynham).

3. PIERRE de Meulan ([1168/70?]-[May/Dec 1203?]). Demeulant-Thauré records that Robert Comte de Meulan “aurait donné ses places de Normandie à son fils Pierre dit clerc” in charters dated 1182 and 1195[1896]. "Robertus comes Mellenti" notified that the monks of Pont-Audemer Saint-Gilles presented “Petro filio meo” to the church of Stourminster, Dorset, and acted as guarantor for certain payments by his son, by undated charter[1897]. "Robertus comes Mellenti" donated property to Notre-Dame du Bon-Port by charter dated to [1190], signed by "Petrus filius meus"[1898]. Dean of Wimborne, Dorset[1899]. "Petrus de Mellento...decanus de Wiburne" confirmed payments to Pont-Audemer Saint-Gilles “de ecclesia Sturministria” by undated charter[1900]. Governor of the castle of Beaumont-le-Roger (which Stapleton takes as indicating that Pierre was then "the sole survivor of the sons of the Comte de Meulan")[1901]: a writ dated 31 Jan 1203 "transcribed on the Roll of Normandy" ordered the inhabitants of Pont-Audemer “to furnish Peter de Meulan with 200 li. money of Anjou to buy stores for the castle of Beaumont” to be repaid “out of the issues of the wood of Brotonne”[1902]. When his father was rehabilated by John King of England (see above), Pierre remained in the French camp: by writ dated 8 May 1203, King John ordered "the land which had belonged to Peter de Meulan at Taon and at Frêne" to be given to “Robert de Gouviz”, by writ dated 10 May 1203 “Vatteville and Brotonne...as Peter du Meuland had the same” to “Robert d’Harcourt” and land at Sens to “Peter de Préaux”[1903]. King John appointed “clerico nostro Aumerico de Harac’t” to “decanatum de Wiborn” by writ dated 28 May 1203[1904], presumably after depriving Pierre de Meulan of the position. An anonymous continuation of the Chronicle of Robert of Mont-Saint-Michel records that "Petrus de Mellento, filius Roberti Comitis Mellentini" defected to the French king with "castrum Bellimontis" in 1203, but died soon afterwards[1905]. It is questionable whether this report of Pierre’s death is correct, considering the following documents. same person as...? PIERRE de Meulan (-after 1205, maybe after 1212). “Petrus de Modlent...[et] filium suum” paid a fine to recover “terra sua de Cnouton...dissesitus fuit occoe [occupavit?] Norm[andiam?]” in 1205[1906]. This entry suggests that Pierre fled Normandy, presumably in [1204/05] and made peace with the English king who awarded him a small manor in Dorset, held from the Earls of Leicester (see the next entry), where he lived in retirement. No record has been found of another Pierre de Meulan to whom this entry could relate. [The Testa de Nevill names "...Petrus de Meulent tenet in Cnolton [Knowlton] feodum i militis de eodem..." among feeholders in Dorset “Hundredum de Badebir” [Badbury] in 1212, noting that King Henry I had granted Knowlton among other fiefs in Dorset to “comiti de Meulent”, succeeded by “Roberto filio eius postnato qui post fuit comes Leycestrie...Roberto filio...Roberto filio suo qui extremo...dotavit uxorem suam Lorette” [Laurette de Briouse, widow of Robert de Breteuil “FitzPernel” Earl of Leicester (died 1204), descendant of the older branch of the Meulan family, see the document ENGLAND, EARLS CREATED 1067-1122 )[1907]. This entry could refer to Pierre or to his unanmed son (who would in that case also be named Pierre). m ---. The name of Pierre’s wife is not known. Considering his later ecclesiastical appointments (assuming this was the same Pierre), he must have married early in life. La Roque says that Pierre married “Eustache du Molley-Bacon, fille de Guillaume Bacon seigneur du Molley”[1908]. Père Anselme, copying the same information, adds that she died “14 Jan” (no citation reference)[1909]. No primary source has been found which corroborates these statements. Pierre & his wife had one child:

a) --- de Meulan ([before 1190?]-after 1205, maybe after 1212). “Petrus de Modlent...[et] filium suum” paid a fine to recover “terra sua de Cnouton” in 1205[1910]. The reference to Pierre’s son in the same document suggests that he was adult at the time. Maybe the 1212 entry recorded above under his father relates to this unnamed son (in which case he would be named Pierre). La Roque identified Pierre as the father of Raoul [I] de Meulan Seigneur de Courseulles (see above)[1911]. A list of Querimoniæ Normannorum, dated 1247, records that “Bellum Montem Rogeri” [Beaumont-le-Roger], held by “Petrus de Meullento avunculus suus” and claimed by “cujus propinquiorum heredem”, was acquired by King Philippe II[1912]. The document appears to imply that Pierre’s heir was deceased at the time.

4. HENRI de Meulan (-before 7 Jan 1196). "Robertus comes Mellenti" donated property to Notre-Dame du Bon-Port by charter dated 1192, signed by "Henricus filius meus…"[1913]. “Robertus comes Mellenti” donated revenue “in molendinis meis de Stagno” to Beaumont-le-Roger priory, for the salvation of “meæ et Henrici filii mei”, by charter dated 7 Jan 1195, witnessed by “Galeranno filio meo...”[1914]. Robert Comte de Meulan donated revenue “à prendre sur les moulins de l’Etang” to Beaumont-le-Roger priory, for the soul of “son fils Henri”, by charter dated 7 Jan 1195 (O.S.?)[1915].

5. AGNES [Jeanne] de Meulan . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the undated charter under which "Guido de Roca" confirmed donations to Saint-Nigaise de Meulan made "ab antecessoribus Roberti comitis Mellenti" which "comes predictus" had given him (“decimam...molendini...et decem solidos apud villam...Vallis”) “quando filiam eiusdem in uxorem duxi”[1916]. “Guido de Rupe...Agnes uxor mea...et Guido filius meus” donated property “de nemore de Taleboth” to Jumièges by charter dated [21 Apr 1185/12 Apr 1186], witnessed by “Guazone de Pissiaco...”[1917]. Another document indicates that Guy’s wife was named Jeanne: Guy de la Roche donated salt "sur son péage de la Roche" to Joyenval abbey, for the soul of "son âme et celle de Jehanne sa défunte épouse" to "Johanni de Aubergenvilla de Mellento", with the consent of “Dne Margarite uxoris mee”, by charter dated Mar 1222[1918]. Presumably this indicates either that one or other document is in error concerning the name or that Jeanne was a second wife the record of whose marriage has not yet been found. m GUY [IV] Seigneur de la Roche-Guyon, son of ---.

6. [JEANNE de Meulan (-[before 1186]). Many secondary sources name Jeanne de Meulan as the wife of Robert [II] Seigneur d’Harcourt. This can be traced back to La Roque who states that “Jeanne de Meullent Dame d’Elbeuf…Dame de Beaumesnil, de Sainct Celerin et autres seigneuries”, daughter of Robert Comte de Meulan and his wife, married “[son cousin]…Robert 2. Baron de Harcourt dit le Vaillant…par dispense”[1919]. La Roque adds that “ailleurs il est dit que Galeran Comte de Meulent en execution de la volonté du Comte Robert de Meulent son pere, consentit que Jeanne de Meulent sa sœur eust les seigneuries cy-dessus et donna de son chef à Richard de Harcourt son neveu, fils aisné de Jeanne de Meulent, la seigneurie d’Elbeuf, en reconnoissant toujours qu’ils estoient de la mesme race et de mesme sang”[1920]. He cites no source which supports this statement nor provides the basis for the proposed marriage. The issue is to decide whether there could be any validity at all for this alleged marriage[1921]. Thomas Stapleton, in his "Observations on the Great Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy", dismisses La Roque’s position as unsupported[1922]. He traces the ownership of Elbœuf as providing one approach to testing the question. Stapleton quotes three documents relating to Elbœuf: firstly, the marriage contract between Waléran, son of Robert [II] Comte de Meulan, and Marguerite de Fougères, dated 1189, under which Marguerite received dower including "100 livres in Elbœuf i.e. in land and men…and [if] Waléran [died], Marguerite his wife to have her dower in its entirety"; secondly, John King of England directed the bailiffs of the Lieuvin, Vaudreuil and La Londe, by writs dated 7 Feb and 12 Feb 1203, "to cause Richard d’Harcourt to have…the land which had belonged to Margaret filia Willelmi de Feugeriis" and "to have the rent qui fuit Margarete uxoris quondam Walerani de Mellent, sororis Willelmi de Feugeriis, que est cum Britonibus"; thirdly, King John, dated 28 May 1203, made known that Robert Comte de Meulan "had pledged all his land in Normandy to Us", that it would revert to Robert if the king predeceased him "except Elbœuf…which he hath granted to Richard d’Harcourt by Our consent"[1923]. Stapleton assumes that Marguerite de Fougères, widow of Waléran de Meulan, was dispossessed by King John. Marguerite is stated to be "with the Bretons" ("cum Britonibus") in the source dated 12 Feb 1203. These events occurred during the critical period before and after the murder of Arthur Duke of Brittany (killed 3 Apr 1203), so such dispossession is plausible as part of the king’s operations against Brittany. On the other side of the argument, the 28 May 1203 source states that Comte Robert had granted Elbœuf to Richard d’Harcourt with the king’s consent, a point on which the 7 Feb and 12 Feb orders are silent. If the transfer was a voluntary one, a close family relationship between Robert de Meulan and Richard d’Harcourt would provide the best explanation for the grant. However, in that case, Robert de Meulan must have been complicit in depriving his own daughter-in-law of her dower before making the transfer. Such a scenario is unlikely as relations between Robert and the king were poor: an order of King John dated 2 Apr 1203 assured "R. com Melleti" that the king would end all bad feelings (“perdonavimus vobis omnem iram et malivolentiam que habemus adversus vos”) if he visited before the end of the Easter period ("si venitis ad nos infra claus Pasch pxim") and granted him safe passage[1924]. The result was the 28 May 1203 order proclaiming Robert’s pledge of his lands to the king, which sounds anything but voluntary. That document, as quoted by Stapleton, states no Meulan/Harcourt family relationship and Stapleton takes this omission as indicating that no family connection existed. Although there are numerous examples of transfers between relatives where the documents are silent on the actual relationship, the omission is telling in this case. Stapleton also cites the charter dated 1 May 1204, under which Robert Comte de Meulan devised his lands "ex toto to Mabiria wife of William Earl of the Isle and to have them confirmed to [her], as to his next heir [tanquam heredi meo propinquiori]"[1925]. He suggests that "tanquam heredi meo propinquiori" indicates that none of Comte Robert’s other children had surviving issue (which would mean that Richard d’Harcourt could not have been Comte Robert’s grandson). The phrase also covers the situation where there were surviving grandchildren, with Mabile being his only surviving child who was more closely related to him ("propinquiori") by one generation than the grandchildren. Such grandchildren would include the issue of Robert’s deceased son Waléran by Marguerite de Fougères, and so the 1 May 1204 decision could have formed part of the king’s repression of Breton sympathisers. In conclusion, political circumstances at the time suggest that the transfer of Elbœuf to Richard d’Harcourt took place against the wishes of the Meulan family, which in turn suggests that they were not related and that the alleged marriage of [Jeanne] de Meulan never took place. While it is impossible to conclude definitively on the likelihood of La Roque being correct, his work contains many inaccuracies and is not reliable, as noted elsewhere in the present document. By way of footnote, if the daughter of Robert Comte de Meulan did marry Robert [II] Seigneur d’Harcourt, the chronology indicates that she would have been his first wife. In addition, it is likely that her name was not Jeanne in light of the contradictory sources which refer to the wife of Guy de la Roche-Guyon, another possible daughter of Robert de Meulan, as explained in more detail above. m [as his first wife,] ROBERT [II] "le Vaillant" Seigneur d'Harcourt, son of GUILLAUME Seigneur d’Harcourt & his wife --- (-[1208]).]

7. daughter . Her existence is indicated by the 25 Dec 1189 marriage contract of her brother Waléran, quoted above, Stapleton highlighting that the document provided that Waléran’s father would appoint a child born from the marriage "heir of all his honour and land...except the land which comte Robert is about to give in marriage to his daughter”[1926]. As Robert’s two known daughters were already married at that date, this document presumably refers to an otherwise unrecorded younger daughter. No record has been found to indicate that her projected marriage took place.

La Roque[1927] and Anselme[1928], in direct contradiction to the primary sources quoted below, both record the three sons of Roger shown below among the children they attribute to Amaury [I] (Roger’s older brother, see above). As noted above, no primary sources have been found which name any children of Amaury [I], whose fiefs of Gournay-sur-Marne and La Queue-en-Brie passed to Roger which would presumably not have happened if he had left any descendants. In the present reconstruction, it is assumed that all later members of the Meulan family were descended from Roger (except the Courseulles/Melun family shown in the document NORMANDY NOBILITY-AVRANCHES, BAYEUX, COTENTIN).

ROGER de Meulan, son of WALERAN de Beaumont[-le-Roger] Comte de Meulan [previously Earl of Worcester] & his wife Agnes de Montfort ([1146/52?]-12 Jul [1221]). "Galerannus comes Mellenti et Agnes uxor mea" confirmed various earlier donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie, including “decimas...apud Caudam...”, with the consent of "filiis nostris Roberto, Galeranno, Almarico, Rogerio, Rodulpho, Stephano", by charter dated 1165[1929]. "Amalricus et Rogerus fratres mei" witnessed the undated charter of "R comes de Mellento" which confirmed the donation of "nobilis vir Galerannus comes pater meus" to Notre-Dame de la Trappe[1930]. An undated extract of accounts records donations made by “Robertus comes Mellenti”, witnessed by “…Emaurico et Rogerio fratribus meis”[1931]. Amaury Seigneur de Gournay donated harvest to Gournay priory, the charter placed on the altar by “Agnes comitissa mater eius et Rogerus frater ipsius Amalrici et Aales uxor eius in cuius dote redditus istius annone hebebatur”, by undated charter (dated to before Dec 1181, when Amaury’s mother died)[1932]. "Rogerius de Mellento", with the consent of "Ysabel uxoris mee", confirmed donations of “decimam omnium novalium de Ponteolo...et tocius terre de Ambeeles” to Notre-Dame de Gournay, made by "pie memorie patris mei comitis Galeranni et matris mee et fratrum meorum...", by charter dated 1187[1933]. Vicomte d'Evreux until 1204, then Seigneur de Quittebœuf, de Craville et de Feugerolles: “Rogerius de Mellento” granted “vicecomitatum Ebroicarum” to Philippe II King of France, receiving “villam...Guitebove [Quittebœuf]...et feudo de Cravilla et Foucherollis” in exchange, by charter dated 1204[1934]. It should be noted that, according to La Roque, the seller of the vicomté d’Evreux was a second Roger, son of the first[1935]. Considering the 1205 charter quoted below (which names Roger’s wife and two sons, neither of whom were named Roger), it is difficult to see how La Roque could have been correct. No other document has been found which suggests that this supposed second Roger de Meulan ever existed. "R[ogerius] de Moulendo" confirmed an exchange with Gournay Sainte-Marie made by "Ansellus de Ambaele...” by charter dated 1205[1936]. "Rogerius de Mellento" confirmed donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie made by "pie memorie progenitoribus meis comite Galeranno et Agnete", with the consent of “uxoris mee Ysabel et filiorum meorum Almarici et Willelmi”, by charter dated 1205[1937]. Seigneur de Meulan: "Domini R[ogerius] de Mellento et W[illelmus] de Garlanda", with the consent of "uxoribus eorum et filiis Amalrico et Willelmo et Theobaldo", reached agreement with Gournay Sainte-Marie concerning “nemoris de Russiaco” by charter dated Feb 1208 (presumably O.S.)[1938]. Roger was presumably granted the seigneurie de Meulan by the French king when his oldest brother Robert’s French territories were confiscated: the comital status of Meulan was abolished, but that would not prevent a new seigneurie being created. Seigneur de la Queue-en-Brie: "Rogerus dominus de Cauda" donated revenue "in meo pedagio apud Caudam" to Saint-Martin-des-Champs, “pro defuncto Johanne filio meo” and for his anniversary “ad festum Sti Remigii”, by charter dated Mar 1220 (presumably O.S.)[1939]. Depoin, in his introduction to this charter, indicates that the donor was “Roger [II]”. Considering the lack of evidence concerning this second Roger as noted above, it is more likely that the donor was the same Roger who is recorded in the other sources quoted in the present paragraph. The necrology of the monastery of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the death "22 Jul" of "Dominus Rogerius de Mellent miles"[1940]. Roger was presumably deceased at the time of the 1221 donation made by his son Amaury [II], cited below.

m ELISABETH [Isabelle], daughter of --- (-24 May, 1209 or after). "Rogerius de Mellento", with the consent of "Ysabel uxoris mee", confirmed donations of “decimam omnium novalium de Ponteolo...et tocius terre de Ambeeles” to Notre-Dame de Gournay, made by "pie memorie patris mei comitis Galeranni et matris mee et fratrum meorum...", by charter dated 1187[1941]. The question of Elisabeth/Isabelle’s family origin is open to doubt. La Roque says that “Elizabeth femme de...Roger de Meullent Vicomte d’Evreux” was “héritière de la maison d’Aubergenville”, of which “Jean d’Aubergenville evesque d’Evreux et Chancelier de France” was a member[1942], while Père Anselme (presumably following La Roque) names her “dame d’Aubergenville”[1943]. No primary source has yet been found which confirms her supposed Aubergenville family origin: she is not connected with Aubergenville in any of the sources quoted in this section. Bories quotes an undated charter which confirms that “dominus Rogerus de Mellento tenet quinquiad habet apud Habergenvillam in feodo et domino”, although in an earlier passage he also cites other transactions involving Aubergenville made by Roger’s predecessors which suggests that Roger may not have acquired his interest through his wife[1944]. One possibility is that La Roque and Anselme guessed her connection with Aubergenville, working back from references to Pierre [II] Seigneur d’Aubergenville, whom they assume was the son of Roger but who is shown below as a possible younger son of Amaury [II] (which is more consistent with the chronology as explained below). "Rogerius de Mellento" confirmed donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie made by "pie memorie progenitoribus meis comite Galeranno et Agnete", with the consent of “uxoris mee Ysabel et filiorum meorum Almarici et Willelmi”, by charter dated 1205[1945]. Roger’s unnamed wife was recorded in the Feb 1208 (O.S.) charter quoted above. The necrology of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the death 24 May of “Isabel uxor Rogeri de Mellent”, the wording suggesting that she predeceased her husband[1946].

Roger & his wife had [eight or more] children:

1. AMAURY [II] de Meulan (-[21 Apr?], [8 Apr 1252/5 Jun 1258]). "Rogerius de Mellento" confirmed donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie made by "pie memorie progenitoribus meis comite Galeranno et Agnete", with the consent of “uxoris mee Ysabel et filiorum meorum Almarici et Willelmi”, by charter dated 1205[1947].

- see below.

2. GUILLAUME [I] de Meulan ([before 1190?]-before Jun 1230). "Rogerius de Mellento" confirmed donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie made by "pie memorie progenitoribus meis comite Galeranno et Agnete", with the consent of “uxoris mee Ysabel et filiorum meorum Almarici et Willelmi”, by charter dated 1205[1948]. Seigneur de Meulan.

- see below.

3. PIERRE [I] de Meulan (-after 6 Apr 1225). Depoin names "Robert, Pierre et Gui" as Roger’s three younger sons (no source cited)[1949]. “Almaricus de Mellento miles” founded a chapel at Abecourt, for the salvation of “animæ meæ et patris et matris meæ”, with donations of revenue “de Quiterne”, by charter dated 6 Apr 1225, witnessed by “...dominus Wilelmus de Mellento frater meus...et Petrus et Ginardus de Mellento fratres mei”[1950]. same person as…? PIERRE de Meulan . Seigneur de Sahus: La Roque names “Pierre de Meullent seigneur de Sahus” as son of Amaury [I] de Meulan, noting in a later passage that Pierre was named (together with “...Guillaume de Meullent son frere...Roger de Meullent son oncle...”) in “un dénombrement des fiefs du duché de Normandie” (undated)[1951]. This list of fiefholders has not been found, but is unlikely to have included family relationships which were presumably added by La Roque. No primary source has been found which names Pierre de Meulan Seigneur de Sahus but presumably he could have been the same person as Pierre [I].

4. GUY de Meulan (-13 Sep, after 1230, maybe after 1236). Depoin names "Robert, Pierre et Gui" as Roger’s three younger sons (no source cited)[1952]. “Almaricus de Mellento miles” founded a chapel at Abecourt, for the salvation of “animæ meæ et patris et matris meæ”, with donations of revenue “de Quiterne”, by charter dated 6 Apr 1225, witnessed by “...dominus Wilelmus de Mellento frater meus...et Petrus et Ginardus de Mellento fratres mei”[1953]. In this document “Ginardus” is assumed to mean “Guiardus = Guy”. La Roque indicates that “le chevalier Guy de Meullent à l’imitation d’Amaury I Sire de Gournay son pere” donated property to La Croix Saint-Leufroy, for the soul of “Guillaume de Meullent son frere” (which also recorded the latter’s own donation), by charter dated 1230[1954]. In another passage, La Roque simply records that “Guido de Mellento miles” donated property to La Croix Saint-Leufroy “pro Guillelmo de Mellento” by charter dated 1230[1955]. The necrology of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the death 13 Sep of “Guido miles de Mellent”[1956].

5. JEAN de Meulan (-13 Jan, 1221 or before). "Rogerus dominus de Cauda" donated revenue "in meo pedagio apud Caudam" to Saint-Martin-des-Champs, “pro defuncto Johanne filio meo” and for his anniversary “ad festum Sti Remigii”, by charter dated Mar 1220 (presumably O.S.)[1957]. As noted above, it is assumed that the donor was the same person as Roger de Meulan who is named above, although the question is not beyond doubt.

6. [RAOUL de Meulan (-after 2 Jan 1227). Letters dated 2 Jan 1226 (O.S.) named “magistri Radulphi de Mellento domini regis clerici”[1958]. The chronology suggests that Raoul could have been the son of Roger. It is likely that he was too old in 1227 to have been the son of Raoul [I] de Meulan Seigneur de Courseulles (see the document the document NORMANDY NOBILITY-AVRANCHES, BAYEUX, COTENTIN).]

7. [two or more] daughters . Their existence is confirmed by the charter dated Apr 1225 which records an agreement between Barthélemy Bishop of Paris and “dominum Almaricum de Meulento militem, pro se ac fratribus et sororibus suis” relating to land at Meulan[1959], assuming that “dominum Almaricum” was Amaury [II] which looks likely.

8. [ALISENDE de Meulan ([1210/15]-). Her family origin and marriage are indicated by the 1245 marriage contract of [her daughter] "Guillelmus camerarius de Tanquarvilla miles…Aelicia sorore mea" and "domino Roberto Bertran militi", which refers to property given to "Helysendi matri mee a domino Ammarico de Mellent avunculo meo"[1960]. Her marriage date is estimated from her daughter probably being about 15 years old when she married, bearing in mind the birth date of Raoul [III]. If that is correct, her brother, named in the 1245 marriage contract, would likely have been Amaury [II] Seigneur de Meulan (whose death is dated to [8 Apr 1252/5 Jun 1258]) and her father Roger de Meulan, dating Alisende’s birth to [1210/15]. The question of Alisende’s parentage and marriage was confused by La Roque who names “Alisende de Meullent Dame de la Baronnie de Tancarville” as older daughter of Amaury [I] de Meulan and records in a later passage her marriage with “Guillaume Sire de Tancarville”[1961]. Demeulant-Thauré appears to have correctly identified her husband, but not her father, suggesting that Waléran de Meulan, son of Robert Comte de Meulan, and his wife Marguerite de Fougères “aurait une fille Alissende qui serait l’épouse de Raoul de Tancarville” (no source cited)[1962]. m ([1228/30?]) RAOUL [III] Seigneur de Tancarville, son of GUILLAUME [III] Seigneur de Tancarville & his wife Alix de Serans (after 1205-).]

Père Anselme names the following person as the illegitimate son of Roger de Meulan, presumably because he is named “bâtard d’Evreux” in the record of his death cited below and because Roger was recorded as Vicomte d’Evreux. As Roger sold the vicomté d’Evreux in 1204 (see above), Adam would presumably have been born before that date although that seems early considering the dates of the documents in which Adam is named.

1. ADAM de Meulan (-[1273?]). It is uncertain whether all the following documents refer to the same Adam de Meulan. A roll dated Jul 1231, listing payments made to knights, records “...Adam de Mellis et Henricus de Bello Cane...” among those receiving payment for their services[1963]. Accounts dated 1234, listing various payments, record payment to “Adæ de Mellento, pro panno serico quem dominus rex obtulit apud Exoldunum” [Issoudun?][1964]. Accounts, probably dated to 1256, of “Johannis Sarraceni” include payments owed to “Adam de Meleduno...solutum per ballivum de Caus”[1965]. Demeulant-Thauré records that the cartulary of Saint-Maur des Fossés names “un Adam de Meullent bâtard d’Evreux, mort en 1273, qui serait fils naturel de Roger (II?) de Meullent vicomte d’Evreux”[1966].

The precise parentage of Roger de Meulan, named below, has not been traced. In the 1257 extract quoted below, he is called “nepotem” of Henry III King of England. In the 24 Dec 1240 extract, he was “nephew” of the king and of the king’s brother, presumably also representing an English translation of “nepos”. The imprecision of that term is notorious. If it was used in its strict sense of nephew, the mention of both King Henry and his brother to define the relationship suggests that one of Roger’s parents may have been their sibling, presumably illegitimate otherwise the mention of both individuals seems superfluous. As Roger himself is recorded as illegitimate, it is more likely that his relationship with the English royal family was on his father’s side: the king’s sister having an illegitimate child would surely have been an event of such scandalous proportions as to have justified reporting in chronicles. If that is correct, he was Roger de Meulan, illegitimate son of --- [illegitimate son of John King of England & his mistress ---]. The problem with this solution is Roger being called “de Meulan” in the sources, suggesting that his father was a member of the Meulan family. If that is correct, “nepos” may have been used in an extended sense to indicate a more remote relationship with the English royal family. There are numerous possible connections, such as through: (1) the children of Robert de Beaumont Comte de Meulan and the later Earls of Warwick, both descended from a granddaughter of Henri I King of France, between whom and the English royal family several possible family connections can be found; (2) the wife of Robert’s son, Comte Waléran, from the Montfort-l’Amaury family which was also connected with the English kings; (3) the wife of Waléran’s son Robert, who was the granddaughter of one of King Henry I’s illegitimate sons. .

1. ROGER de Meulan, illegitimate son of ---[de Meulan?] & his mistress --- (-16 Dec 1295, bur Lichfield Cathedral). Pope Gregory IX granted dispensation to “Roger clerk nephew of the king and of Richard earl of Cornwall, already dispensed on account of illegitimacy, to be promoted to a bishopric if he be canonically elected thereto”, dated 24 Dec 1240[1967]. Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield [1256/57]: the Annals of Burton record the election “II Kal Feb” 1256 of “dominum Rogerum de Meuleng Lichfeldensis canonicum et domini regis nepotem” as bishop of Coventry and Lichfield[1968]. Matthew Paris records the election in 1257 of "magistrum Rogerum de Molend domini regis nepotem" as bishop of Lichfield[1969]. The Annals of Dunstable record the death in 1295 of “Rogerus Coventrensis episcopus” and his confirmation to Dunstable of “ecclesiam de Bradeburne” in 1296[1970].

AMAURY [II] de Meulan, son of ROGER de Meulan Seigneur de Meulan et de la Queue-en-Brie & his wife Elisabeth [Isabelle] --- (-[21 Apr?], [8 Apr 1252/5 Jun 1258]). "Rogerius de Mellento" confirmed donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie made by "pie memorie progenitoribus meis comite Galeranno et Agnete", with the consent of “uxoris mee Ysabel et filiorum meorum Almarici et Willelmi”, by charter dated 1205[1971]. "Domini R[ogerius] de Mellento et W[illelmus] de Garlanda", with the consent of "uxoribus eorum et filiis Amalrico et Willelmo et Theobaldo", reached agreement with Gournay Sainte-Marie concerning “nemoris de Russiaco” by charter dated Feb 1208 (presumably O.S.)[1972]. Presumably their joint interest in the wood of Roissy is explained by a common ancestry between Amaury [II] and Guillaume [V] de Garlande, which has not been traced. [Seigneur de La Croix-Saint-Leufroy]: “Almaricus de Mellento miles” donated “multa” to La Croix Saint-Leufroy by charters dated 1221 [presumably dated to [12 Jul/31 Dec] 1221, for consistency with the data relating to his father Roger de Meulan quoted above][1973]. The Dictionnaire historique de l’Eure records that Amaury [II] confirmed the possessions of the Templars at Feuguerolles by charter dated 1222[1974]. “Almaricus de Mellento miles” founded a chapel at Abecourt, for the salvation of “animæ meæ et patris et matris meæ”, with donations of revenue “de Quiterne”, by charter dated 6 Apr 1225, witnessed by “...dominus Wilelmus de Mellento frater meus...et Petrus et Ginardus de Mellento fratres mei”[1975]. Seigneur de Meulan: a charter dated Apr 1225 records an agreement between Barthélemy Bishop of Paris and “dominum Almaricum de Meulento militem, pro se ac fratribus et sororibus suis” relating to land at Meulan[1976]. “Almaricus de Mellento miles” donated “multa” to La Croix Saint-Leufroy by charter dated 1230[1977]. Seigneur de la Queue-en-Brie: “Almaric de Meulent seigneur de la Queue…avec A--- sa femme” approved the donation made by “Jean de Beaumont et Isabeau Bouteiller son épouse” to Cormier priory by charter dated 1231[1978]. Seigneur de Gournay-en-Marne: a charter dated Mar 1235 (O.S.) records an arbitration decided by "Alamaricus de Mellento dominus de Cauda et de Gornaio", settling a dispute between Gournay Sainte-Marie and "Johannem de Campis...", the monks appointing as fiduciaries “Ego Almaricus...dominus Guillelmus de Mellento...”[1979]. "Henricus comes Barri et dominus Torciaci [Torcy-en-Brie]...ex parte Philippe uxoris mee" agreed shares of usage "in foresta de Roissiaco" between himself and “pro hospitibus Sancti Petri Fossatensis”, noting that two parts in the forest were held by “Amalrici de Mellento militis dominis de Cauda et de Gornai et eius fratrem” and the third part by “Johannis de Bellomonte ex parte Elisabeth uxoris sue jure hereditario” [Isabelle de Garlande, wife of Jean de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais, daughter of Guillaume [V] de Garlande whose involvement in the wood of Roissy is confirmed by the Feb 1208 charter quoted above], and releasing Guillaume Seigneur de Meulan and his heirs [from obligations] relating to the rest of the forest (“et hac parte contentus totum residuum foreste quitto domino Guillelmo de Mellento et heredibus suis in perpetuum et aliis partem habentibus in dicta foresta”), by charter dated 1236[1980]. A roll dated 8 Jun 1236 names “…Amaurricus de Mellento…Guillelmus de Mellento…” among those called to military service[1981]. A roll dated 5 May 1242 names “…Amarricus de Mellento…Guillelmus de Mellento…” among those called to military service[1982]. The Dictionnaire historique de l’Eure records that Amaury de Meulan (assumed to be Amaury [II]) confirmed the possessions of the Templars at Feuguerolles by charter dated 1246[1983]. The Dictionnaire historique de l’Eure records a charter dated 1249 which names “les deux frères Amaury et Guillaume de Meulan”[1984]. The original document has not been found and it is possible that the Dictionnaire (which includes many inaccuracies) added the family relationship which was assumed to be correct. A document dated 26 Jan 1252 records an enquiry made by “messire Amaury de Meulan” into the rights of the king and “Amauri de la Queue chevalier, à Gournai [sur-Marne] et à la Queue [en-Brie]”, a note on the reverse of the document recording that “Amauri de la Queue eut gain de cause”[1985]. A charter dated late-Jun 1251 records allegiance sworn to Blanche Queen of France by the citizens of Paris, naming among those present “…domini Amauri de Meuduno…”[1986]. [The necrology of Rouen records the death 21 Apr of “dominus Almaricus de Meulento miles”[1987]. This entry could relate to either Amaury [II] or Amaury [III].] He is recorded as deceased in the 5 Jun 1258 charter quoted below.

m (before 1231) A---, daughter of ---. “Almaric de Meulent seigneur de la Queue…avec A--- sa femme” approved the donation made by “Jean de Beaumont et Isabeau Bouteiller son épouse” to Cormier priory by charter dated 1231[1988]. The primary source which confirms the full name of Amaury’s wife has not been identified. One possibility is that she was a member of the Aubergenville family. La Roque and Anselme show the wife of Roger de Meulan as “Elisabeth/Isabelle d’Aubergenville”. As noted above, no document has been found which links Elisabeth/Isabelle to Aubergenville and it is possible that both authors supposed the connection working back from references to Pierre [II] Seigneur d’Aubergenville, whom they assumed was Roger’s son but who is shown below as a possible younger son of Amaury [II] (which is more consistent with the family’s chronology). If Pierre [II]’s affiliation shown below is correct, maybe the “dame d’Aubergenville” was his mother.

Amaury [II] & his wife had [three] children:

1. JEAN de Meulan (-after 8 Apr 1252). He renounced his rights of succession: a charter dated 8 Apr 1252 records that “Johannes filius primogenitus domini Almarrici de Mellento, quitavit Almarrico fratri suo, primogenita sua post decessum patris eorumdem”[1989]. Maybe he became an ecclesiast after renouncing his rights. If that is correct, one of the following two entries could relate to this Jean: The necrology of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the death 24 Jul of “magister Johannes de Mellento”[1990]. The necrology of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the death 3 Nov of “magister Johannes de Mellento condam canonicus Ebroicensis”[1991].

2. AMAURY [III] de Meulan (-[21 Apr?], [Jan/Nov] 1274). A charter dated 8 Apr 1252 records that “Johannes filius primogenitus domini Almarrici de Mellento, quitavit Almarrico fratri suo, primogenita sua post decessum patris eorumdem”[1992]. Seigneur de la Queue-en-Brie.

- see below.

3. [PIERRE [II] de Meulan (-after 1260). La Roque names “Pierre de Meullent seigneur d’Aubergenville, de Foucherolles, de Pinterville, de Guitebonne, de Crouille, échanson de France” as son of Roger de Meulan[1993]. From a chronological point of view, this seems unlikely to be correct. On the other hand, the chronological difficulties relating to Pierre [II] and his supposed children would appear resolved if he was a younger son of Amaury [II]. A charter dated 1260 records that Eudes Archbishop of Rouen bought “Pintarvillam vicum” from “Petro de Mellento Francorum regis scancio et Ligardi eius uxore”[1994]. m LIEGARDE Dame de Pinterville, daughter of --- (-after 1260). La Roque names “[la] dame et héritière de la terre de Pinterville...Liegarde” as Pierre’s wife[1995]. A charter dated 1260 records that Eudes Archbishop of Rouen bought “Pintarvillam vicum” from “Petro de Mellento Francorum regis scancio et Ligardi eius uxore”[1996]. Pierre & his wife had four children (as noted above, the dates attributed by La Roque to these supposed children appear to exclude the possibility of their being the grandchildren of Roger de Meulan, a question which appears resolved if they were in fact his great-grandchildren):

a) [GUILLAUME de Meulan (-after 1318, maybe after 1339). La Roque records his parentage, noting a charter dated 1339 in which he is named[1997]. This date is late to refer to the son of Pierre [II] de Meulan. Seigneur d’Aubergenville. The registers of the parlement de Paris dated 1318 name “Guillaume de Meullent” as “Trésorier de l’église cathédrale Notre-Dame d’Evreux”[1998].]

b) [JEAN de Meulan (-after 8 Jun 1318). La Roque records his parentage, noting a roll of the Chambre des Comptes dated 1313 in which Jean, Robin and Etienne de Meulan are named[1999]. Seigneur de Crouille. Jean de Meulan sold revenue from a mill at Saint-Léger d’Evreux to the chapter of Notre-Dame d’Evreux by charter dated 8 Jun 1318[2000].]

c) [ROBIN de Meulan (-after 1313). La Roque records his parentage, noting a roll of the Chambre des Comptes dated 1313 in which Jean, Robin and Etienne de Meulan are named[2001]. Seigneur de Foucherolles.]

d) [ETIENNE de Meulan (-after 1313) La Roque records his parentage, noting a roll of the Chambre des Comptes dated 1313 in which Jean, Robin and Etienne de Meulan are named[2002]. Seigneur de Guidebonne. same person as...? ETIENNE de Meulan (-after 1308). A roll dated 1308 records payments due to “...Stephanus de Meulento, valetus regis...”[2003].]

The reconstruction of the possible descendants of Guillaume [I] is fraught with difficulty. Guillaume [II]’s identification as “seigneur de Meulan” suggests a direct line of descent from Roger de Meulan, who was also recorded as such. The simplest solution is that he was the son of Guillaume [I], as suggested below. The suggestion appears inconsistent with the 1249 charter, quoted below, which names “les deux frères Amaury et Guillaume de Meulan”, but as highlighted below there is no guarantee that the source in question is accurate. Other possibilities include Roger de Meulan having two sons named Guillaume, the second Guillaume maybe born from an unrecorded second marriage of their father. Another possibility is that Guillaume [II] was a younger son of Amaury [II], to whom the latter granted the seigneurie de Meulan as his share of the family properties, but this does not appear consistent with the interpretation of the 1236 charter suggested below.

GUILLAUME [I] de Meulan, son of ROGER de Meulan Seigneur de Meulan et de la Queue-en-Brie & his wife Elisabeth [Isabelle] --- ([before 1190?]-before Jun 1230). His birth date is estimated based on the likely marriage date of his daughter. "Rogerius de Mellento" confirmed donations to Gournay Sainte-Marie made by "pie memorie progenitoribus meis comite Galeranno et Agnete", with the consent of “uxoris mee Ysabel et filiorum meorum Almarici et Willelmi”, by charter dated 1205[2004]. ["Domini R[ogerius] de Mellento et W[illelmus] de Garlanda", with the consent of "uxoribus eorum et filiis Amalrico et Willelmo et Theobaldo", reached agreement with Gournay Sainte-Marie concerning “nemoris de Russiaco” by charter dated Feb 1208 (presumably O.S.)[2005]. The wording of this document suggests that the named “filiis” belonged to both Guillaume de Garlande (presumably Guillaume [V] as Guillaume [IV] was recorded as deceased in Sep 1205, see the document PARIS REGION NOBILITY-CLERMONT & DAMMARTIN) and Roger de Meulan. As noted above, other sources record Roger as the father of a son named Guillaume, but it is unclear whether the Feb 1208 (O.S.) charter refers to that son or to an otherwise unrecorded son of Guillaume [V] de Garlande.] Seigneur de Meulan: “Almaricus de Mellento miles” founded a chapel at Abecourt, for the salvation of “animæ meæ et patris et matris meæ”, with donations of revenue “de Quiterne”, by charter dated 6 Apr 1225, witnessed by “...dominus Wilelmus de Mellento frater meus...et Petrus et Ginardus de Mellento fratres mei”[2006]. Guillaume [I] is named as brother of Guy in the latter’s 1230 donation, cited above. La Roque says that Guillaume [I] was Seigneur de Mureaux (now Les Mureaux, on the left bank of the Seine opposite Meulan-en-Yvelines, about 25 kilometres north-west of Paris in the present-day French département of Yvelines, arrondissement Mantes-la-Jolie, canton Meulan)[2007]. No primary source has been found which confirms this statement. Guillaume is named as deceased, and brother of Guy, in the Jun 1230 charter cited above.

m IDA de Formeville, daughter of ---. La Roque names “Ide de Formeville” as wife of Guillaume de Meulan, and mother of his daughter named below (no source cited)[2008]. No primary source has been found which names Guillaume’s wife.

Guillaume [I] & his wife had [two] children:

1. [GUILLAUME [II] de Meulan ([before 1210?]-[13 Apr or 7 Jun] after 1249). The earliest mention of Guillaume [II] in 1231 suggests his birth before 1210. It is suggested that Guillaume [II] was the son of Guillaume [I]. This suggestion is consistent with his proposed date of birth and with his inheritance of the seigneurie de Meulan, but no primary source has been identified which confirms that it is correct. It should be noted that Guillaume [I]’s known daughter Isabelle is not described as his “filia unica” in the charter quoted below, so the possibility of her having a brother is not excluded. La Roque identifies Guillaume de Meulan, an indicates in which he is named dated 1231 and 1232[2009]. Seigneur de Meulan: a charter dated Mar 1235 (O.S.) records an arbitration decided by "Alamaricus de Mellento dominus de Cauda et de Gornaio", settling a dispute between Gournay Sainte-Marie and "Johannem de Campis...", the monks appointing as fiduciaries “Ego Almaricus...dominus Guillelmus de Mellento...” [no family relationship specified between the two][2010]. "Henricus comes Barri et dominus Torciaci [Torcy-en-Brie]...ex parte Philippe uxoris mee" agreed shares of usage "in foresta de Roissiaco", noting that two parts in the forest were held by “Amalrici de Mellento militis dominis de Cauda et de Gornai et eius fratrem” and the third part by “Johannis de Bellomonte ex parte Elisabeth uxoris sue jure hereditario”, and releasing Guillaume Seigneur de Meulan and his heirs [from obligations] relating to the rest of the forest (“et hac parte contentus totum residuum foreste quitto domino Guillelmo de Mellento et heredibus suis in perpetuum et aliis partem habentibus in dicta foresta”), by charter dated 1236[2011]. In this document, it looks unlikely that “domino Guillelmo de Mellento” was the same person as the unnamed brother of “Amalric de Mellento”, otherwise why release Guillaume from obligations and not Amaury. If that is correct, the document is consistent with Guillaume and Amaury belonging to different branches of the Meulan family, as suggested in the present reconstruction. A roll dated 8 Jun 1236 names “…Amaurricus de Mellento…Guillelmus de Mellento…” among those called to military service[2012]. A roll dated 5 May 1242 names “…Amarricus de Mellento…Guillelmus de Mellento…” among those called to military service[2013]. The Dictionnaire historique de l’Eure records a charter dated 1249 which names “les deux frères Amaury et Guillaume de Meulan”[2014]. The original document has not been found and it is possible that the Dictionnaire (which includes many inaccuracies) added the family relationship which was assumed to be correct. [The necrology of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the death 13 Apr of “dominus Guillelmus de Meulento miles” and 7 Jun of “dominus Guillelmus de Mellento” and his donation[2015]. These two entries could presumably relate either to Guillaume [II] or Guillaume [IV].] m ---. The primary source which confirms the name of Guillaume’s wife has not been identified. La Roque names her “Isabelle de Mayenne” (who has not been identified in the Mayenne family, see the document MAINE NOBILITY)[2016]. No source has been found which indicates that this might be correct.

2. ISABELLE de Meulan (-before May 1259). La Roque says that a charter of “l’Abbaye Saint Victor” dated Jun 1230 records that “la succession de deffunt Guillaume de Meullent fut devolue à Simon de Poissy chevalier son gendre et à Elisabeth de Meullent sa fille”[2017]. This charter has not been found, but another document refers to the same couple: "Symon de Pissiaco juvenis...et Elisabez uxorem meam filiam defuncti Willelmi de Mellato ad quam dicti Willelmi est hereditas devoluta" renounced (1) his rights to timber “in nemore Sti Martini apud Merrolias sito [Marolles-en-Brie, about five kilometres east of Orly in the present-day French département of Val-de-Marne, arrondissement Créteil, canton Boissy-Saint-Léger]” (which he claimed ”ex parte dicte Elisabez uxoris mee, dicebamus nos et heredes de Bevranna [Limeil-Brévannes, near Marolles-en-Brie] usuarium habere”) and (2) requiring the prior of Marolles to obtain an annual proxy from “majori nostro de Bevranna”, in favour of Saint-Martin-des-Champs by charter dated Mar 1230 (O.S.)[2018]. Depoin, in his title to that document, names “Elisabeth, fille et héritière de Guillaume de Mello, seigneur de Brévannes”, and at first sight “Mellato” in the charter does suggest Mello (see the document PARIS REGION-BEAUMONT & BEAUVAISIS) rather than Meulan. However, the 1230 donation made by Guy de Meulan (see below) indicates that he was the brother of “Guillaume de Meulan” (Isabelle’s father), which suggests that “Mellato” in the Mar 1230 (O.S.) document represented some sort of mistranscription of the Latin for Meulan. No “Guillaume de Mello, seigneur de Brévannes” has been identified in the Mello family. The Jun 1230 charter cited above would of course resolve the question definitely, assuming that it lists the properties which Isabelle inherited from her father (especially Les Mureaux), but as noted above the original of that document has not been found. The following document indicates that Isabelle was Meulan not Mello: “Simon de Poissy dit le Jeune et Elisabeth de Meullent sa femme” renounced a lawsuit against Chaalis abbey “au sujet du droit de gruerie” by charter dated Apr 1234[2019]. La Roque says that a charter of Saint-Denis dated 1248 records that “Simon de Poissy dit le jeune estoit fils de monseigneur Simon de Poissy chevalier et qu’Isabelle estoit sa femme”[2020]. "Symon de Pyssiaco miles filius Symonis junioris militis de Pyssiaco" donated a vine “apud Acrimontem in meo feodo...de Esanvilla” to Acrimont priory, for the souls of “mee et...Ysabellis matris mee” and with the consent of “Johannis fratris mei militis”, by charter dated May 1259[2021]. m (before Jun 1230) SIMON [VI] de Poissy, son of SIMON [V] de Poissy & his wife Agnes --- (-27 Oct [1245/47], bur Joyenval).

The appearance of Guillaume [III] complicates matters further. Named in 1251 and 1261, from a chronological point of view it is possible that he was the same person as Guillaume [II], but not that he was Guillaume [II]’s son. The fact that his son Amaury was named in 1261 but not in 1251 suggests that he was not the same person as Amaury named in Jan 1252 (see below, Part C.). Another possibility is that Guillaume [III] was the son of Guy de Meulan, son of Roger de Meulan (see above).

1. GUILLAUME [III] de Meulan (-after Sep 1261). “Guillelmus de Meullant miles et Eustachia uxor eius” donated property to the Templars by charter dated 1251[2022]. “Guillelmus de Meullant miles, Eustachia sa femme et Amauricus leur fils” donated property to Sainte-Vaubourg by charter dated end-Sep 1261[2023]. The necrology of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the death 9 Mar of “Guillelmus de Meulento miles” and 2 Aug of “Guillelmus de Mellento miles”[2024]. One of these entries could refer to Guillaume [III]. m (before 1251) EUSTACHIE, daughter of --- (-after Sep 1261). “Guillelmus de Meullant miles et Eustachia uxor eius” donated property to the Templars by charter dated 1251[2025]. “Guillelmus de Meullant miles, Eustachia sa femme et Amauricus leur fils” donated property to Sainte-Vaubourg by charter dated end-Sep 1261[2026]. Guillaume [III] & his wife had one child:

a) AMAURY de Meulan . “Guillelmus de Meullant miles, Eustachia sa femme et Amauricus leur fils” donated property to Sainte-Vaubourg by charter dated end-Sep 1261[2027]. same person as...? AMAURY de Meulan (-after 1296). A list of names in the army at Foix in 1272 includes “…dominus Emauricus de Meulento miles…” from Evreux[2028]. A list of names in the army in Gascony with the Comte d’Artois in 1296 includes “…Amaricus de Mellento, se quinto militum…”[2029].

The precise relationship between the following small family group and the main Meulan family has not been ascertained. The chronology suggests that the father of Amaury could have been the son either of Amaury [II] or of Guillaume [II] de Meulan. Alternatively, Amaury shown below could possibly have been the same person as Amaury, son of Guillaume [III], who having been named in the end-Sep 1261 charter quoted above could just still have been under age in late 1279. If that is correct, his father would of course be Guillaume [III].

1. --- de Meulan (-before 1279). m [(before 1260) --- d’Harcourt, daughter of JEAN d’Harcourt & his wife ---]. The succession by her supposed son recorded in the 1 Nov 1279 and Nov 1307 documents quoted below suggests that he was a direct descendant of the deceased Jean d’Harcourt. Maybe his mother was Jean’s daughter. One child:

a) AMAURY de Meulan ([after 1260?]-[after May 1307]). The Parlement de Paris recorded that “Almauricus de Meullento, existens in ballo Regis, non obstante defectu etatis sue” sued “Guillelmum de Harecuria militem”, dated 1 Nov 1279[2030]. This record is linked to the decision of the Parlement of Paris dated Nov 1307, at the request of “Amauri de Meulan damoiseau mineur placé sous la garde du Roi”, which ordered certain assets “qui devaient revenir audit mineur de la succession de Jean d’Harcourt, biens que détenait Guillaume d’Harcourt chevalier du Roi fils dudit Jean” in the hands of the king[2031]. same person as…? AMAURY de Meulan (-after 25 Mar 1320). A list of convocations to the army during the reign of Philippe V King of France includes “…Amauri de Meulent…” from Rouen[2032]. A list of convocations to the army dated 25 Mar 1319 (N.S.) includes “…Monseigneur Amalry de Meulent, Roem…”[2033]. [The necrology of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the deaths 26 May, 1 Jun, and 22 Jul of “Almauricus de Mellento miles”[2034]. One of these entries could refer to this Amaury.]

La Roque and Père Anselme name the following persons among the supposed children of Amaury [I]. Leaving aside the question discussed above concerning whether Amaury [I] had children, the chronology suggests that Henri and Robert de Meulan belonged to a later generation of the family. There are too many possibilities to speculate sensibly on their actual parentage. It is also possible that one or other was a member of the Courseulles/Melun family shown in the document NORMANDY NOBILITY-AVRANCHES, BAYEUX, COTENTIN.

1. HENRI de Meulan (-after 28 May 1273). La Roque names “Henry de Meullent seigneur de Bagnolet” as son of Amaury [I] de Meulan[2035]. As noted above, it seems unlikely that Amaury [I] had children. In a later passage, La Roque says that Henri swore allegiance to the abbot of “Sainct-Maur des Fossez” for Bagnolet by charter dated 1273 “le lundy d’apres la feste de la Pentecoste”[2036]. This date is inconsistent with Henri being the son either of Amaury [I] or of his brother Roger.

2. ROBERT de Meulan (-after 1298). Depoin names "Robert, Pierre et Gui" as Roger’s three younger sons (no source cited)[2037]. La Roque names “Robert de Meullent Conseiller du Roy” as son of Amaury [I] de Meulan, noting in a later passage that “...Robert de Meullent appellé Maistre...” was named in a decision of the parlement de Paris dated 1298[2038].

AMAURY [III] de Meulan, son of AMAURY [II] de Meulan Seigneur de la Queue-en-Brie et de Gournay-sur-Marne & his wife A--- (-[21 Apr?], [Jan/Nov] 1274). A charter dated 8 Apr 1252 records that “Johannes filius primogenitus domini Almarrici de Mellento, quitavit Almarrico fratri suo, primogenita sua post decessum patris eorumdem”[2039]. Seigneur de la Queue-en-Brie: “Almaricus de Cauda armiger filius defuncti Almarici de Mellento militis quondam domini de Cauda” sold property “de quarta parte precii venditionis foreste de Noysiaco Magno” to Saint-Martin-des-Champs by charter dated 5 Jun 1258[2040]. Seigneur de Neufbourg (part), de iure uxoris: the 1258 regulations for clothing and feeding the poor of the Maison-Dieu de Neufbourg record the involvement of “messire Almaury de Meullent chevalier et madame Margarite dame du Neufbourg empartie”[2041]. “Almaricus filius Almarici” donated “multa” to La Croix Saint-Leufroy by charters dated 1259, 1260 and Jun 1269, while “alter Almaricus filius Almarici” [the basis for La Roque naming him “alter” is unclear, as the chronology suggests that this was the same donor] donated “multa” by charter dated Apr 1270[2042]. “Amaurricus de Mellento miles” sold property to Rouen abbey by charter dated Mar 1269[2043]. Seigneur de Meulan: hearings in Aug 1269 record a claim by “dominum Almaricum de Mellento” against “Ioannem de Rolleboise” that “villam de Fraxinis” belonged to “domicellam Idam filiam suam” following a property exchange[2044]. “Almaricus de Meullent miles et Margareta eius uxor et Renaudus de Maulevrier armiger et Ioanna de Novoburgo eius uxor et Agnes relicta domini Pagani de Toringneis militis deffuncti” settled a dispute concerning Neufbourg forest by charter dated Apr 1270[2045]. [“Amaury de Meullent troisième du nom...fils d’Amaury II et cetuy cy fils d’Amaury I, tous barons de la Queuë” donated property to La Croix Saint-Leufroy by charter dated Apr 1273[2046]. If this document was “O.S.”, and therefore actually dated Apr 1274, it could refer to Amaury [IV] (assuming that Amaury [III] died [Jan/Apr] 1274) and would therefore be consistent with his ancestry shown here.] “Amauri de Meulan chevalier seigneur de Neufbourg” mortgaged property to the Templars, with the consent of “Marguerite sa femme”, by charter dated 1274[2047]. [The necrology of Rouen records the death 21 Apr of “dominus Almaricus de Meulento miles”[2048]. This entry could relate to either Amaury [II] or Amaury [III].] Amaury [III] died before Nov 1274, the date of the charter quoted below which names his son Amaury [IV]. Amaury [III]’s predeceasing his wife is confirmed by her epitaph quoted below, in which she is named “...iadis feme de monsegnor Amauri de Meulent...”.

m MARGUERITE de Neufbourg, daughter of ROBERT [IV] de Neufbourg & his [first] wife Marguerite --- (-19 Aug 1277, bur Bec). The 1258 regulations for clothing and feeding the poor of the Maison-Dieu de Neubourg record the involvement of “messire Almaury de Meullent chevalier et madame Margarite dame du Neufbourg empartie”[2049]. La Roque notes the registers of La Chambre des Comptes in 1270 which record the charter of “Renaud de Maulevrier escuyer et Jeanne de Neubourg son épouse, sœur de Margueritte femme d’Amaury de Meulent, sœur aussi d’Agnes veufue de deffunct Paien (de Mehendin) appellé de Thorigny chevalier, tous les dessusdits heritiers de Robert et de Marguerite seigneur et dame de Neubourg leur pere et mere”[2050]. “Almaricus de Meullent miles et Margareta eius uxor et Renaudus de Maulevrier armiger et Ioanna de Novoburgo eius uxor et Agnes relicta domini Pagani de Toringneis militis deffuncti” settled a dispute concerning Neufbourg forest by charter dated Apr 1270[2051]. “Amauri de Meulan chevalier seigneur de Neufbourg” mortgaged property to the Templars, with the consent of “Marguerite sa femme”, by charter dated 1274[2052]. An epitaph at Bec records the burial of “Marguerite de Noef Bourg...iadis feme de monsegnor Amauri de Meulent...” who died 19 Aug 1277[2053].

Amaury [III] & his wife had four children:

1. AMAURY [IV] de Meulan (-after 1300). His parentage is confirmed by the following document: "Almarricus de Meullento dominus de Cauda, Guillelmus de Essartis dominus de Amblinvilla, Gobertus de Argiis dominus de Guitebœuf, Albertus de Longavalle dominus de Croissiaco milites, Isabellis uxor predicti Guillelmi, Yda dicti Goberti, et Anna dicti Alberti uxores… heredes dicte foreste…" confirmed rights of pasture “in villa de Roissiaco in Bria” to Notre-Dame de Gournay by charter dated Nov 1274[2054].

- see below.

2. ISABELLE de Meulan (-after Nov 1281?). "Almaricus de Meullento dominus de Cauda, Guillelmus de Essartis dominus de Ambleinvilla, Gobertus de Argus dominus de Guitebuef, Albertus de Longavalle dominus de Croissiaco milites, Ysabellis predicti Guillelmi, Yda dicti Goberti, et Anna dicti Alberti uxores" confirmed rights of pasture to Notre-Dame de Gournay by charter dated Apr 1274, with another charter dated Nov 1274 relating to the same matter[2055]. Jean de Châtillon Comte de Blois approved the division of "la forest de Roissy" agreed by “monseingnor Amaurri de Meulant, Guobert d’Argis et Yde sa fame, Guillaume des Essarz et Ysabel sa fame, Aubert de Longueval et Anne sa fame, chevaliers et dames” by charter dated Mar 1276 (O.S.)[2056]. The reversing of the name order of Guillaume des Essarts/Gobert de Dargies in this document (as well as the Nov 1281 document) compared with the Apr 1274 charter has not been explained. "Almauricus de Meulento dominus de Cauda et de Gornayo armiger, dominus Gobertus de Argiis et dominus Guillelmus de Amblevilla milites" authorised the opening of two roads through “nemorum nostrorum de Roissiaco in Bria” by charter dated Nov 1281[2057]. The presence of her husband in this document suggests that Isabelle may still have been alive. m (before Apr 1274) GUILLAUME des Essarts Seigneur d’Ambleville, son of --- (-after Nov 1281).

3. IDA de Meulan ([1255/60?]-16 Jan 1324, bur Abbaye de Fontaine-Guérard). Hearings in Aug 1269 record a claim by “dominum Almaricum de Mellento” against “Ioannem de Rolleboise” that “villam de Fraxinis” belonged to “domicellam Idam filiam suam” following a property exchange[2058]. "Almaricus de Meullento dominus de Cauda, Guillelmus de Essartis dominus de Ambleinvilla, Gobertus de Argus dominus de Guitebuef, Albertus de Longavalle dominus de Croissiaco milites, Ysabellis predicti Guillelmi, Yda dicti Goberti, et Anna dicti Alberti uxores" confirmed rights of pasture to Notre-Dame de Gournay by charter dated Apr 1274, with another charter dated Nov 1274 relating to the same matter[2059]. Jean de Châtillon Comte de Blois approved the division of "la forest de Roissy" agreed by “monseingnor Amaurri de Meulant, Guobert d’Argis et Yde sa fame, Guillaume des Essarz et Ysabel sa fame, Aubert de Longueval et Anne sa fame, chevaliers et dames” by charter dated Mar 1276 (O.S.)[2060]. Dame de Fontaine-Guérard, Dame de Quittebœuf. Her first and second marriages are indicated by the testaments of Renaud Seigneur de Dargies [younger brother of Ida’s first husband], dated early 1294 and Aug 1295, which bequeathed dowry to his daughter Jeanne “...toute le terre de Clari qui me doit venir apres le dechest me dame le contesse d’Aubemalle”[2061], indicating that the property in question must have constituted Ida’s dower from her first marriage. The death of Gobert de Dargies is estimated to [1288/92][2062], which indicates that his widow must have been older than her second husband at the time of their marriage. It has previously been suggested that, because of this age difference, it is more likely that the wife of Jean de Ponthieu was Ida de Meulan, daughter of Amaury [IV] de Meulan, and not Ida de Meulan, daughter of Amaury [III] de Meulan, who married Gobert de Dargies[2063]. However, the testaments of Renaut de Dargies quoted above confirm that the same Ida de Meulan married the two individuals. “Ida de Mellento comitissa de Albamalla” donated “nostram partem decimæ in...Fourgis...” to “ecclesia...Beatæ Mariæ de Thesauro”, for the souls of “Johannis de Pontivo quondam comitis de Albemalia, Mariæ de Pontivo filiæ meæ primogenitæ, domini Goberti quondam domini de Dargies”, by charter dated 7 Oct 1316[2064]. m firstly ([Aug 1269/Apr 1274]) GOBERT [I] de Dargies Seigneur de Dargies, son of RENAUD [I] Seigneur de Dargies & his [first] wife --- (-[1288/92]). m secondly ([1289/93]) JEAN de Ponthieu Comte d’Aumâle, son of FERDINAND de Ponthieu Comte d’Aumâle [Infante don FERNANDO de Castilla y León] & his wife Laure de Montfort Dame d’Epernon (-killed in battle Courtrai 11 Jul 1302).

4. ANNE de Meulan (-before Nov 1281?). [It should be noted that La Roque names “Anne de Meullent Dame de Longueval et de Coissy” as younger daughter of Amaury [I] de Meulan, recording in a later passage that she married “Aubert sire de Longueval”[2065]. He has clearly confused her with this Anne, daughter of Amaury [III].] "Almaricus de Meullento dominus de Cauda, Guillelmus de Essartis dominus de Ambleinvilla, Gobertus de Argus dominus de Guitebuef, Albertus de Longavalle dominus de Croissiaco milites, Ysabellis predicti Guillelmi, Yda dicti Goberti, et Anna dicti Alberti uxores" confirmed rights of pasture to Notre-Dame de Gournay by charter dated Apr 1274, with another charter dated Nov 1274 relating to the same matter[2066]. The Aug 1269 hearings quoted above confirm that Ida, later wife of Gobert [I] Seigneur de Dargies, was the daughter of Amaury [III] de Meulan. It is reasonable to suppose that the same Ida, and Isabelle and Anne, all three named in the two 1274 charters, were sisters and that they held a common interest in the Meulan property the subject of the 1274 documents. Jean de Châtillon Comte de Blois approved the division of "la forest de Roissy" agreed by “monseingnor Amaurri de Meulant, Guobert d’Argis et Yde sa fame, Guillaume des Essarz et Ysabel sa fame, Aubert de Longueval et Anne sa fame, chevaliers et dames” by charter dated Mar 1276 (O.S.)[2067]. She was named as deceased in her husband’s Jun 1284 charter which named his third wife. Anne may have died before Nov 1281, the date of the charter quoted above which names her two brothers-in-law but not her husband. m (before Apr 1274) as his second wife, AUBERT [II] de Longueval Seigneur de Longueval et de Croissy, son of --- (-killed in battle Girona [26 Jun/7 Sep] 1285).

AMAURY [IV] de Meulan, son of AMAURY [III] de Meulan Seigneur de Gournay-sur-Marne et de la Queue-en-Brie & his wife Marguerite de Neufbourg (-after 1300). [“Amaury de Meullent troisième du nom...fils d’Amaury II et cetuy cy fils d’Amaury I, tous barons de la Queuë” donated property to La Croix Saint-Leufroy by charter dated Apr 1273[2068]. If this document was “O.S.”, and therefore actually dated Apr 1274, it could refer to Amaury [IV] (assuming that Amaury [III] died [Jan/Apr] 1274) and would therefore be consistent with his ancestry shown here.] His parentage is confirmed by the following document. Seigneur de la Queue-en-Brie: "Almarricus de Meullento dominus de Cauda, Guillelmus de Essartis dominus de Amblinvilla, Gobertus de Argiis dominus de Guitebœuf, Albertus de Longavalle dominus de Croissiaco milites, Isabellis uxor predicti Guillelmi, Yda dicti Goberti, et Anna dicti Alberti uxores… heredes dicte foreste…" confirmed rights of pasture “in villa de Roissiaco in Bria” to Notre-Dame de Gournay by charter dated Nov 1274[2069]. The same parties confirmed rights of pasture “in villa de Roissiaco in Bria” to Notre-Dame de Gournay by charter dated Apr 1274 (O.S.?), and Apr 1275[2070]. Seigneur de Neufbourg (part): the Chronicle of Bec records foundation stones placed in 1275 by “…Amalricus de Mellento dominus de Novoburgo”[2071]. Jean de Châtillon Comte de Blois approved the division of "la forest de Roissy" agreed by “monseingnor Amaurri de Meulant, Guobert d’Argis et Yde sa fame, Guillaume des Essarz et Ysabel sa fame, Aubert de Longueval et Anne sa fame, chevaliers et dames” by charter dated Mar 1276 (O.S.)[2072]. Seigneur de Gournay-en-Marne: "Almauricus de Meulento dominus de Cauda et de Gornayo armiger, dominus Gobertus de Argiis et dominus Guillelmus de Amblevilla milites" authorised the opening of two roads through “nemorum nostrorum de Roissiaco in Bria” by charter dated Nov 1281[2073]. Demeulant-Thauré records that “Amaury de Meulan fils d’Amaury et de Marguerite de Neufbourg est dit Alamaric de Meulan seigneur de la Queue en Brie jusqu’en 1295 selon l’abbé Leboeuf”[2074]. The corresponding reference in Lebeuf’s Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris has not been found, but Lebeuf does record “Amaury de Meulent…seigneur de la Queue” in 1300 (no citation reference)[2075].

m (before 1280) ---. No primary source has been found which names Amaury’s wife. His suggested marriage date is based on the possible birth date of his supposed son Jean. [A list of convocations to the army at Lisieux dated 25 Mar 1319 (N.S.) includes “…la dame de Meullent, pour la Keue en Brie…” from “vicecomitatus Parisiensis”[2076]. Could this have been the widow of Amaury [V]?]

Amaury [IV] & his wife had [four possible children] (the three sons are confirmed as brothers by the 10 Jan 1323 charter quoted below, but the source which confirms that they were children of Amaury [IV] has not been identified. The succession by Amaury [V] to Neufbourg indicates that this is likely to be correct.):

1. AMAURY [V] de Meulan (-[10 Aug 1321/10 Jan 1323]). Seigneur de Neufbourg. Seigneur de Cantaing [Cantaing-sur-Escaut, about 5 kilometres south-west of Cambrai, in the present-day French département Nord, arrondissement Cambrai, canton Le Cateau-Cambrésis], de iure uxoris. “Amauri de Meurlent sire de Neubourch et de Cantaing et Marie sa femme dame de Cantaing” donated property to Notre-Dame de Cantimpré by charter dated 5 Feb 1309 (O.S.)[2077]. Guillaume Comte de Hainaut allowed “Ernoul d’Enghien seigneur de Prayaus” to keep “Mgr. Amaury de Meulens Seigneur de Neufbourg” in prison to guarantee payment of debts he owed, by charter dated 6 Mar 1317[2078]. “Amaury de Meullent sire du Nuefbourt” promised to avoid hostilities against the Comte de Hainaut until the following 1 Oct, by charter dated 10 Aug 1321[2079]. Guillaume Comte de Hainaut agreed with “Guillaume de Meulent chevalier et Jean de Meulent archidiacre de Brie en l’église de Meaux, frères de noble homme monseigneur Amauri de Meullent” to allow “les enfans que ledit Amauri de Meullent avaient eu de madame Marie jadis dame de Cantaing” possession of “[le] château et terre de Cantaing” by charter dated 10 Jan 1323[2080]; an annexed letter dated 11 Mar 1324 bore the seal of “Galeran de Meullent cousin d’Amauri”[2081]. m MARIE Dame de Cantaing, daughter of --- (-before 10 Jan 1323). “Amauri de Meurlent sire de Neubourch et de Cantaing et Marie sa femme dame de Cantaing” donated property to Notre-Dame de Cantimpré by charter dated 5 Feb 1309 (O.S.)[2082]. She is named as deceased in the 10 Jan 1323 charter quoted above. Amaury [V] & his wife had [three or more?] children:

a) [two or more] children . Their existence is confirmed by the 10 Jan 1323 charter quoted above. They may have been the same persons as Amaury [VI] and Thomas, named below.

b) AMAURY [VI] de Meulan (-Apr [1357/62]). Père Anselme names Amaury as son of Guillaume de Meulan and his [second] wife Jeanne de Bouville[2083]. Amaury [VI]’s inheritance of Neufbourg and Cantaing indicates that he was the son of Amaury [VI]. Père Anselme records sources dated 1337, 1340, 1345, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1351, 1353 and 1356 in which he is named[2084]. Seigneur de Neufbourg, de Cantaing, et de Marcoing: “Ameury de Meullent sire du Noeuburc, de Cantaing et de Marcoing” donated property to Cantaing by charter dated 13 May 1331[2085]. “Amaury de Moeullent sr de Neufbourg et de Cantaing” acknowledged pasturage rights of the inhabitants of Cantaing by charter dated 22 May 1337[2086]. “Amaury de Meullent sire de Neufbourg chevalier” acknowledged receipt of payments by charter dated 2 Jan 1345 (O.S.?)[2087]. The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that, after the murder of “monseigneur Charles d’Espaigne, lors connestable de France” 8 Jan 1353 (O.S.), Charles II King of Navarre sought protection in Normandy from “les dessus nommés de Harcourt, le seigneur de Hambuie, monseigneur Jehan Malet seigneur de Graaville, monseigneur Almaury de Meulent”[2088]. “Amaury de Meullent” donated property and granted privileges to Notre-Dame du Parc d’Harcourt by charter dated 7 Jan 1356 (O.S.?)[2089]. He is named as deceased in the 6 Nov 1362 charter of his uncle Bishop Jean, cited below. m (1327) JEANNE d’Harcourt, daughter of RAOUL [III] d’Harcourt Seigneur d’Aurilly, d’Auvers et des Planches & his wife Jeanne de Trie (-Apr 1363). Père Anselme records her parentage and marriage, but cites no primary source on which this information is based[2090]. She is named as her husband’s widow in the 6 Nov 1362 charter of his uncle Bishop Jean, cited below. Dame d’Aurilly et d’Auvers. La Roque cites an “Extraict des Registres de la Cour du Parlement de Paris communiqué par Messieurs de Saincte Marthe” [undated] which records “Raoul” as father of “Raoul pere de Jeanne heritiere desdictes terres l’an 1357 femme d’Amaury de Meulent seigneur de Neufbourg” noting that the Jeanne was childless and was succeeded by “le pere du Comte de Harcourt d’apresent” in her lands[2091]. Père Anselme records her death in 1363[2092]. Demeulant-Thauré says that the necrology of Rouen records her death in April[2093]. The marriage was childless.

c) THOMAS de Meulan (-after 6 Mar 1337). Seigneur de Marcoing: “Pierre de Manencourt dit Papelart vicaire perpétuel en l’église Saint-Géry de Cambrai” leased a house at Cambrai from “Thomas de Meulent seigneur de Marcoing” by charter dated 6 Mar 1337[2094]. The connection with Marcoing (presumably inherited from their mother) indicates that Thomas was the brother of Amaury [VI].

2. JEAN de Meulan ([1280/83]-22 Nov 1363). The 10 Jan 1323 source quoted below confirms that Jean was the brother of Amaury [V]. Archdeacon of Brie, at Meaux: Guillaume Comte de Hainaut agreed with “Guillaume de Meulent chevalier et Jean de Meulent archidiacre de Brie en l’église de Meaux, frères de noble homme monseigneur Amauri de Meullent” to allow “les enfans que ledit Amauri de Meullent avaient eu de madame Marie jadis dame de Cantaing” possession of “[le] château et terre de Cantaing” by charter dated 10 Jan 1323[2095]. Demeulant-Thauré records that “Jean de Meullent archdiacre…héritier de Guillaume de Meullent seigneur de Milly son frère” sued “Isabelle de Trie veuve de Guillaume” as the parlement de Paris in 1335[2096]. No record of this lawsuit was found under 1335 in Furgeot’s collection of records from the parlement de Paris[2097]. Bishop of Meaux. Bishop of Noyon Feb 1350. Bishop of Paris 1351. “Jean de Meulan évêque de Paris seigneur de Neubourg, héritier en partie de feu Amaury de Meulan son neveu seigneur de Neubourg et Jean seigneur de La Ferté-Fresnel et de Gacé neveu dudit évêque et son héritier présomptif” committed to paying the debts “dudit Amaury”, to be paid by “le dit sieur de la Ferté auquel le dit évêque cède dès lors la baronnie du Neubourg”, except for “le douaire de Jeanne d’Harcourt veuve dudit Amaury…”, by charter dated 6 Nov 1362[2098]. Père Anselme records his date of death and says that he was 80 years old when he died[2099].

3. GUILLAUME [IV] de Meulan (-[13 Apr or 7 Jun] before 1335). [La Roque names “Guillaume [II] sire de Gournay et de la Croix-Sainct-Leufroy”, father of the two daughters shown below, as the son of the person shown above as Guillaume [II][2100]. From a chronological point of view, that seems impossible. The chronology suggests that the father of these two daughters was more likely Guillaume [IV], which would also explain the inheritance of Gournay-sur-Marne by Marguerite de Meulan (see below).] Seigneur de Gournay-sur-Marne. “Guillaume de Meullent chevalier seigneur de Gournay sur Marne” donated property to Notre-Dame de Gournay-sur-Marne, for the soul of “madame Jeanne ma femme”, by charter dated 30 Nov 1305[2101]. Guillaume Comte de Hainaut agreed with “Guillaume de Meulent chevalier et Jean de Meulent archidiacre de Brie en l’église de Meaux, frères de noble homme monseigneur Amauri de Meullent” to allow “les enfans que ledit Amauri de Meullent avaient eu de madame Marie jadis dame de Cantaing” possession of “[le] château et terre de Cantaing” by charter dated 10 Jan 1323[2102]. He is named as deceased in the 1335 document quoted below under his second wife. [The necrology of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the death 13 Apr of “dominus Guillelmus de Meulento miles” and 7 Jun of “dominus Guillelmus de Mellento” and his donation[2103]. These two entries could presumably relate either to Guillaume [III] or Guillaume [V].] m firstly JEANNE, daughter of --- (-before 30 Nov 1305). “Guillaume de Meullent chevalier seigneur de Gournay sur Marne” donated property to Notre-Dame de Gournay-sur-Marne, for the soul of “madame Jeanne ma femme”, by charter dated 30 Nov 1305[2104]. La Roque records that the father of the two daughters shown below married “Jeanne de Graville fille de Robert Mallet sire de Graville et de l’héritière de Sées, de Bernay, du Bois et de Teruille, fille de Robert Comte d’Alençon et de Sées, nommée Alle d’Alençon” [which appears to confuse the supposed bride’s mother with her paternal grandmother][2105]. It is not known whether this statement includes any grain of truth. m secondly [as her first husband,] ISABELLE de Trie, daughter of MATHIEU de Trie Seigneur de Fontenoy et de Plainville & his wife --- (-after 16 Feb 1348). Père Anselme records her parentage and two marriages (no sources cited), although he incorrectly identifies the parents of her first husband[2106]. Demeulant-Thauré records that “Jean de Meullent archdiacre…héritier de Guillaume de Meullent seigneur de Milly son frère” sued “Isabelle de Trie veuve de Guillaume” at the parlement de Paris in 1335[2107]. No record of this lawsuit was found under 1335 in Furgeot’s collection of records from the parlement de Paris[2108]. Demeulant-Thauré records that “Jean de Meullent évêque de Meaux” sued “Isabelle de Trie fille de Mathieu [seigneur de Fontenay et de Plainville] veuve de Guillaume de Meullent seigneur de Milly en Gâtinois” in 1343/45[2109]. Isabelle married secondly Jean de Hangest. The following document indicates Isabelle’s second marriage, and apparently names her father as “Lancelot Barat chr. Vicomte d’Orléans” (the inconsistency is presumably explained by his being her stepfather, her mother’s second husband): an appeal dated 16 Feb 1348 reversed the decision against “Lancelot Barat chr. Vicomte d’Oléans” who defended against “Jean de Meulan évêque de Meaux consr du Roi, Jean de Hangest chr et Isabeau de Trie sa femme, ayants droit de Guillaume de Meulan chr” concerning “la dot promise par le vicomte à sa fille dans son contrat de mariage…qu’il disait avoir payée, ce que son gendre Guillaume contestait”[2110]. Guillaume [IV] & his first wife had [three children]:

a) WALERAN de Meulan (-[1329/35]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not been identified. However, the chronology suggests that he was probably the son of Guillaume [IV] de Meulan by his first wife. A letter dated 11 Mar 1324, annexed to the 10 Jan 1323 charter quoted above, bore the seal of “Galeran de Meullent cousin [meaning neveu?] d’Amauri”[2111]. Père Anselme records that “Waléran” was living with his wife Jeanne de Bouville in 1329[2112]. Waléran presumably predeceased his father if it is correct, as indicated above, that his supposed paternal uncle Bishop Jean was Guillaume’s heir. m (after May 1320) JEANNE de Bouville, daughter of JEAN de Bouville Seigneur de Bouville, de Farcheville et de Milly-en-Gâtinais & his wife Marguerite de Bommiers ([1308]-3 Dec, after 1329). The marriage contract between "Jehan Conte de Roucy chevalier et Marguerite de Bosmes sa fame" and “Olivier de Cliczon et Blanche de Bouville fille de feu Jehan de Bouville chevalier et de lad. Marguerite jadis sa fame”, under which the latter couple made commitments towards “Jehanne de Bouville suer de ladite Blanche et fille dud. feu et de lad. Contesse jadis sa fame, quant elle ara douze ans” and organised the dower of “la mere dudit Olivier”, is dated May 1320[2113]. Père Anselme records that “Waléran” was living with his wife Jeanne de Bouville in 1329[2114]. The necrology of La Croix Saint-Leufroy records the death 3 Dec of “domina Johanna condam uxor domini Guillelmi de Mellento militis domini de Cruce in parte”[2115]. Waléran & his wife had [two] children:

i) ISABELLE de Meulan (-7 Feb 1407, bur La Perrine). Her parentage and three marriages are recorded by Richemond[2116]. Her parentage is confirmed by the second 13 Dec 1348 document quoted below. Richemond states that Jean de Clisson died childless in 1346 and bequeathed Milly to his maternal first cousin Isabelle de Meulan[2117]. Dame de Milly-en-Gâtinais. “Guillaume Paynel chr fils d’Olivier Paynel chr à cause d’Isabeau de Meulan sa femme” sued “Guillaume de Vivonne chr” concerning “une terre…à Blaison et dont il avait été saisi après le décès de Jean de Clisson chr”, dated 1348[2118]. A document dated 13 Dec 1348 records possession of “la terre et châtellenie de Concressant et de la terre de Montfaucon” granted to “Guillaume Paynel fils d’Olivier Paynel chr à cause de sa femme Isabeau de Meulan héritière de feu Jean de Clisson chr”, against “Savary de Vivonne chr et Mahaut de Clisson dame de Thors sa femme sœur de Jean”[2119]. A document dated 13 Dec 1348 records possession of “deux maisons…à Paris rue Pavée…[qui] provenaient de la succession de Jean de Clisson chr” granted to “Guillaume Paynel fils d’Olivier Paynel chr à cause de sa femme Isabeau de Meulan fille de Galeran de Meulan, sa femme”, against “Guillaume de Vivonne chr”[2120]. “Guillaume Painel escuyer Seigneur de Milly en Gatinois fils de...Olivier Painel chevalier [...Seigneur de Moion] en son propre...nom et ou nom de damoiselle Isabel de Meullent sa femme absente [...fille de Galeran de Meulent iadis escuyer]” appointed a proxy regarding the sale of “le chastel et chastellenie de Concressaut”, inherited by “d’icelle damoiselle”, by charter dated 20 Dec 1351[2121]. Père Anselme records her second marriage without citing any source on which this information is based[2122]. Letters dated 8 Mar 1383 addressed to “[le] baillé au Roy de la terre de Milly en Gastinois” record a claim relating to “Gaes” brought by “Henry de Thieuville chevalier Seigneur dudit lieu et par Isabeau de Meullent sa femme”[2123]. Père Anselme records her date of death and place of burial[2124]. The necrology of La Perrine records the death “VI Id Feb 1407” of “domina Ysabellis de Meulenc” and her donation in her testament[2125]. m firstly (before 13 Dec 1348) GUILLAUME Paynell, son of OLIVIER Paynell Seigneur de Moyon & his wife ---. Seigneur de Milly, de iure uxoris. m secondly GUILLAUME de Montenay Seigneur de Garencières, de Baudemont et du Hommet (en partie), son of ---. m thirdly HENRI de Thiéville, son of --- (-before 7 Apr 1394).

ii) [ALIX de Meulan . Her parentage and marriage are recorded by La Chesnaye-Desbois[2126]. The primary source which confirms this information has not been identified, but it is consistent with the following docuiment: “Jean de Meulan évêque de Paris seigneur de Neubourg, héritier en partie de feu Amaury de Meulan son neveu seigneur de Neubourg et Jean seigneur de La Ferté-Fresnel et de Gacé neveu dudit évêque et son héritier présomptif” committed to paying the debts “dudit Amaury”, to be paid by “le dit sieur de la Ferté auquel le dit évêque cède dès lors la baronnie du Neubourg”, except for “le douaire de Jeanne d’Harcourt veuve dudit Amaury…”, by charter dated 6 Nov 1362[2127]. Polonovski names her daughter Alix, her husband “Foucault du Merle”, and their son “Jean de la Ferté”[2128]. The details are fleshed out by the “Noble lignée de Hambie Painel” manuscript, published by La Roque, which provides further details of the relationship between the Paynell/Hambye family and “Mademoiselle de Merle à cause des Paineaux et des Bertrans et de son ayeulle, qui fut se S. Celerin et des Paineuax à cause de son ayeulle de par sa mere qui fut de Pommereul, et est Monsieur du 4^o degré, et elle du 5^o”[2129]. Polonovski interprets this by naming “Foucault du Merle” as son of “N. de St Ceneri”, recording his marriage with Alix de la Ferté, and naming the couple’s daughter “Agnes de Merle”[2130]. m JEAN [II] Seigneur de la Ferté-Fresnel, son of GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de la Ferté-Fresnel & his wife Marie Bertrand (-after May 1368).]

b) [JEANNE de Meulan (-1342, bur Rouen Jacobin church). La Roque names “Jeanne de Meullent Baronne de Clere et de la Croix S. Leuffroy” as the older daughter of “Guillaume [II] sire de Gournay et de la Croix-Sainct-Leufroy” and his wife, naming “Philippes Baron de Clere fils de Jean Baron de Clere et de Mathieu de Preaux, fille de Jean sire et chastelain de Preaux chevalile [...fils d’Aubert de Preaux et de Mahaut]” as her husband and providing some details about the couple’s descendants[2131]. The chronology suggests the possibility that Jeanne was the daughter of Guillaume [IV] by his first wife. Dame de la Croix-Saint-Leufroy. An epitaph at Jacobin church at Rouen records the burial of “Philippes de Clere chevalier seigneur de Clere” who died 28 Oct 1346 and “dame Jeanne de Meullent femme dudit Philippes de Clere” who died in 1342[2132]. m PHILIPPE de Clere, son of JEAN de Clere & his wife Mathe de Préaux (-28 Oct 1346, bur Rouen Jacobin church).]

c) [MARGUERITE de Meulan . La Roque names “Margueritte de Meullent Dame de Rouvray et de Gournay” as the younger daughter of “Guillaume [II] sire de Gournay et de la Croix-Sainct-Leufroy” and his wife, in a later passage naming “Jean de Rouvray sire de Grainville sur Ry seigneur de Buchy” as her husband, noting a charter dated 26 Mar 1330 under which “messire Jean de Rouvray chevalier” appointed “Marguerite de Meulent sa femme” as proxy for selling “le chasteau et chastellenie de Gournay sur Marne” and providing some details about the couple’s descendants[2133]. The chronology suggests the possibility that Marguerite was the daughter of Guillaume [IV] by his first wife. m (before 26 Mar 1330) JEAN de Rouvray Seigneur de Grainville-sur-Ry et de Buchy, son of ---.]

4. [ALIX de Meulan (-after 1327). Père Anselme records her marriage, saying that Alix was the daughter of Amaury [III] de Meulan and his wife Marguerite de Neufbourg[2134]. That suggestion would be consistent with her husband being the son of Jean [I] d’Estouteville which, as indicated in the document NORMANDY NOBILITY-ARQUES, AUMÂLE, CAUX, EU, ROUEN, appears to be incorrect. If the wife of Estout d’Estouteville was a member of the Meulan family, the chronology suggests that she would have been the daughter of Amaury [IV]. The 4 Nov 1296 source cited above, naming Estout’s wife Mathilde, indicates that Alix would have been Estout’s second wife. No primary source has been found which confirms Alix’s family origin and marriage. It should be noted that Anselme’s reconstruction of the Estouteville family is unreliable, while in addition there is considerable uncertainty about the reconstruction of the Meulan family. Until more information comes to light, it is suggested that Alix should be treated with caution. Morandière records that Alix was still living in 1327 (no source cited)[2135]. m (after 1296) [as his second wife,] ESTOUT d’Estouteville Seigneur de Torcy, son of --- (-after 1316).]

The precise relationships between the following persons and the main Meulan family have not been ascertained. It is also possible that any of them could have belonged to the Courseulles/Melun family shown in the document NORMANDY NOBILITY-AVRANCHES, BAYEUX, COTENTIN.

1. ALIX de Meulan (-after Jun 1284). “Guillaume Kaletot, devenu châtelain de Montmélian et seigneur de Gouvieux par échange avec Guillaume de Vernon” and “la veuve de celui-ci Alix de Meullent” agreed her dower by charters dated Jul and 1 Aug 1280[2136]. King Philippe III approved the dower of “Alix de Meullent” and the future dower of “Marie femme de Guillaume Kaletot” by charter dated 1 Nov 1283[2137]. Four charters dated Jun 1284 record agreements between Saint-Denis and “Guillaume Kaletot et Alix de Meullent” concerning the dower of the latter[2138]. m GUILLAUME de Vernon Seigneur de Gouvieux, Châtelain de Montmélian, son of --- (-[16 Jun] [Feb 1274/Jul 1280]).

2. GUILLAUME de Meulan (-after Jun 1340). Père Anselme names Guillaume “seigneur de Milly” as son of Waléran de Meulan and records that as “chevalier” he was named “dans l’échiquier de Normandie en 1337” and in a commission of Philippe d’Evreux King of Navarre in Jun 1340[2139]. The date 1337 appears early for his having been knighted and the son of Waléran by his wife Jeanne de Bouville (and therefore inheriting the seigneurie de Milly). There must be considerable doubt whether this Guillaume was in fact the son of Guillaume [IV].

3. ROBERT de Meulan (-after 1344). Père Anselme names Robert as son of Waléran de Meulan and his wife Jeanne de Bouville[2140]. From a chronological point of view, that appears impossible if Robert was named in 1330 as indicated below. Maybe Robert was another son of Amaury [V]. Père Anselme records that he was named “dans un titre du mardi avant Pâques 1330” and in 1344, but died unmarried[2141].

4. PIERRE de Meulan (-after 1345). Père Anselme names Pierre as son of Waléran de Meulan and his wife Jeanne de Bouville[2142]. That suggestion seems unlikely to be correct: the naming of Bishop Jean, brother of Guillaume de Meulan (father of Waléran), as Guillaume’s heir suggests that Guillaume died without surviving male descendants. Maybe Pierre was another son of Amaury [V]. Père Anselme records that he was named “dans les registres des appointements du parlement de Paris, pour la prévôté de Paris l’an 1345”[2143].

5. THOMAS de Meulan (-26 Oct ----). Prior of Davron: the necrology of Notre-Dame de Josaphat records the death “VII Kal Oct” of “Thomas [de Mellento, condam, prior de Daverone]”[2144].

Two siblings, parents not identified:

1. THOMAS de Meulan (-8 Nov 1352, bur Josaphat Notre-Dame). Abbot of Notre-Dame de Josaphat. Métais suggests that he was appointed “v. 1332” and notes that he was godfather to one of the children of Philippe VI King of France (which is confirmed by the necrology of Notre-Dame de Josaphat which records the death “IX Kal Sep” of King Philippe naming “abbate nostro Thoma eius compatre”[2145])[2146]. If that date is correct, this Thomas was not the same person as Thomas, son of Amaury [VI] who is named above. The necrology of Notre-Dame de Josaphat records the death “VI Id Nov” of “Thomas abbas XVIus” and his donations of “ecclesiam de Formetout...”[2147]. No charter recording this donation has been found in the published cartulary of the abbey, but King Philippe VI granted “le patronage de l’église parrochial de Notre Dame de Formetout” to Notre-Dame de Josaphat by charter dated May 1331, and in 1340 “sur la nomination de l’abbé de Josaphat” Aimery Archbishop of Rouen granted the church to the abbey[2148]. An epitaph at Notre-Dame de Josaphat records the burial of “Meullenti natus Thomas qui sancte--- Marie Josaphat abbacie rexit” who died “die jovis post omnium sanctorum” 1352[2149].

2. MARGUERITE de Meulan (-25 Mar, [after 1361]). The necrology of Notre-Dame de Josaphat records the death “VIII Kal Apr” of “Margareta soror abbatis Thome [post annum 1361]”[2150].

C. VICOMTES de MEULAN

1. HILDUIN . m ---. The name of Hilduin's wife is not known. Hilduin & his wife had one child:

a) HUGUES . His parentage is confirmed by the undated charter, dated to before 1061, under which "Hilduinus, Hugonis vicecomitis filius…simulque mecum frater meus Hugo" confirmed rights property to "Sancti Petri Jociacensi", previously donated by "avus meus Hilduinus vicecomes"[2151]. Vicomte. "…Hugonis vicecomitis…" witnessed the charter dated to [1030] under which Robert II Duke of Normandy donated "in comitatu Abrincatensi villam…Sancti Johannis" to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel[2152]. "…Hugonis vicecomitis…" witnessed the charter dated to [1047 or before] under which Guillaume II Duke of Normandy confirmed the donation by "Adelelmi…Beatricis uxor eius…Rotberti filius eius" to the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel[2153]. m ---. The name of Hugues's wife is not known. Hugues & his wife had two children:

i) HILDUIN (-[after 1061]). "Hilduinus vicecomes" donated property to "Sancti Petri Gisecii…Carnotensis" for the soul of "patris mei Hugonis", with the support of "Hugone fratre meo", by undated charter, signed by "Hilduini vicecomitis, Hugonis fratris eius…"[2154]. Vicomte de Meulan. "Hilduinus, Hugonis vicecomitis filius…simulque mecum frater meus Hugo" confirmed rights property to "Sancti Petri Jociacensi", previously donated by "avus meus Hilduinus vicecomes", by charter dated to before 1061[2155]. m [--- de Meulan, daughter of HUGUES [I] Comte de Meulan & his wife --- de Valois]. The name of Hilduin's wife is not known. Her parentage and marriage are suggested by the charter dated 1066 under which [her son] "Richardus Herluini filius, comitis Galerani Mellenti nepos" donated property to Coulombs, for the love of "fratris mei Roberti predictæ ecclesiæ abbatis, ac etiam…amitæ meæ Helvisæ reclusæ", by charter dated "apud Meullentum castrum" 1066[2156]. This assumes that the word "nepos" in this document can be interpreted in its strict sense of nephew. Hilduin & his wife had two children:

(a) RICHARD (-after 1069). "Richardus Herluini filius, comitis Galerani Mellenti nepos" donated property to Coulombs, for the love of "fratris mei Roberti predictæ ecclesiæ abbatis, ac etiam…amitæ meæ Helvisæ reclusæ", with the consent of "Simon de Monteforti…et uxor eius", by charter dated "apud Meullentum castrum" 1066[2157]. A note in the cartulary of Coulombs, following the charter dated 1066 which is quoted above, records that "Richardus" became a monk "cum filiis [Jordanum et Robertum]" at Coulombs where "habuerunt quemdam cognatum Ascelinum cognomento Goellum", and a second note that "Ascelinus Goellus" was the heir after the death of Richard’s sons Jourdain and Robert[2158]. The precise family connection with Ascelin Goël [see Seigneurs d’Ivry (Goël), above in the present document] has not yet been traced. "Hugo comes Mellenti" donated the church of St Cosme to Coulombs, for the souls of "conjugis nostræ Adelaidis…genitoris mei comitis Galerani et Odæ genitricis meæ", by charter dated 1069, witnessed by "…Richardi filii Herluini"[2159]. m BASILIE, daughter of ---. A note in the cartulary of Coulombs, following the charter dated 1066 which is quoted above, records that "uxor supradicti Richardi erat Basilia" and that they had "duos filios Jordanum et Robertum et unam filiam…Eustachiam"[2160]. Richard & his wife had three children:

(1) JOURDAIN . A note in the cartulary of Coulombs, following the charter dated 1066 which is quoted above, records that "uxor supradicti Richardi erat Basilia" and that they had "duos filios Jordanum et Robertum et unam filiam…Eustachiam" and that "Richardus" became a monk "cum filiis supradictis" at Coulombs[2161].

(2) ROBERT . A note in the cartulary of Coulombs, following the charter dated 1066 which is quoted above, records that "uxor supradicti Richardi erat Basilia" and that they had "duos filios Jordanum et Robertum et unam filiam…Eustachiam" and that "Richardus" became a monk "cum filiis supradictis" at Coulombs[2162].

(3) EUSTACHIE . A note in the cartulary of Coulombs, following the charter dated 1066 which is quoted above, records that "uxor supradicti Richardi erat Basilia" and that they had "duos filios Jordanum et Robertum et unam filiam…Eustachiam" and that Eustachie became a nun "in ecclesia Sti Salvatoris Ebroicensis"[2163].

(b) ROBERT (-after 1066). Abbot of Coulombs. "Richardus Herluini filius, comitis Galerani Mellenti nepos" donated property to Coulombs, for the love of "fratris mei Roberti predictæ ecclesiæ abbatis, ac etiam…amitæ meæ Helvisæ reclusæ", by charter dated "apud Meullentum castrum" 1066[2164].

ii) HUGUES [II] . "Hilduinus vicecomes" donated property to "Sancti Petri Gisecii…Carnotensis" for the soul of "patris mei Hugonis", with the support of "Hugone fratre meo", by undated charter, signed by "Hilduini vicecomitis, Hugonis fratris eius…"[2165]. m as her first husband, HELOISE, daughter of --- . The primary source which confirms her two marriages has not yet been identified, although her first marriage is indicated by the 1066 charter quoted below. She married secondly Alzoi. "Adsor et uxor mea Helvisa et filii mei Gaufredus atque Rogerius" donated "duas partes decime de Buloxevilla et de Magnevilla" to Sainte-Trinité by undated charter[2166]. She became a nun at the abbey of Coulombs[2167]. "Richardus Herluini filius, comitis Galerani Mellenti nepos" donated property to Coulombs, for the love of "fratris mei Roberti predictæ ecclesiæ abbatis, ac etiam…amitæ meæ Helvisæ reclusæ", by charter dated "apud Meullentum castrum" 1066[2168].

Two brothers, parents not known:

1. TEDUIN (-[Feb 1055/1061]). Vicomte de Meulan. A charter dated 1034 records the settlement of claims by "Hugone vicecomiti Vilcasini" over "terra Sancti Petri Gisiacensi", with the consent of "senioris sui comitis Droconis", witnessed by "Gualerannus frater ipsius vicecomitis, Richardus de Nielfa consanguineus eius, Sanson vicecomes de Medanta…Teduinus vicecomes, Amelius frater eius…Rodulfus delicatus…"[2169]. "Teduinus vicecomes castri Mellentis…cum meo filio Gualteri, prænomine autem nuncupato Pagano" confirmed rights in property of "Sancti Petri Gismoensis" by charter dated to before 1070[2170]. "Teduinus vicecomes Mellenti castri, Gualo vicecomes castri Calidi Montis, Nivardus de Monte Forti, Radulfus Malus Vicinus…Radulfus Delicatus" witnessed the charter dated Feb 1055 under which "comes Walterius" donated "æcclesiam Ledonis Curiæ" to Chartres Saint-Père[2171]. m ---. The name of Teduin's wife is not known. Teduin & his wife had one child:

a) GAUTHIER [Paganus] (-after 1061). "Teduinus vicecomes castri Mellentis…cum meo filio Gualteri, prænomine autem nuncupato Pagano" confirmed rights in property of "Sancti Petri Gismoensis" by charter dated to before 1070[2172]. Vicomte de Meulan. "Walterius prænomine Paganus vicecomes et uxor mea Raisindis" confirmed a donation of property by charter dated 1061, which names "pater meus vicecomes Teduinus"[2173]. "Walterius prænomine Paganus Teduini filius, et vicecomes castri Mellentis…cum coniuge mea…Rainsuinde" granted property to "sancto Petro, Gesiacensis…cœnobii Carnotensis cellæ" by charter dated to before 1070[2174]. m RAINSUINDE, daughter of ---. "Walterius prænomine Paganus Teduini filius, et vicecomes castri Mellentis…cum coniuge mea…Rainsuinde" granted property to "sancto Petro, Gesiacensis…cœnobii Carnotensis cellæ" by charter dated to before 1070[2175]. "Walterius prænomine Paganus vicecomes et uxor mea Raisindis" confirmed a donation of property by charter dated 1061, which names "pater meus vicecomes Teduinus"[2176].

2. AMELIUS . A charter dated 1034 records the settlement of claims by "Hugone vicecomiti Vilcasini" over "terra Sancti Petri Gisiacensi", with the consent of "senioris sui comitis Droconis", witnessed by "Gualerannus frater ipsius vicecomitis, Richardus de Nielfa consanguineus eius, Sanson vicecomes de Medanta…Teduinus vicecomes, Amelius frater eius…Rodulfus delicatus…"[2177].

The precise relationship between the following person and the preceding family is not known.

1. RICHARD de Neauphle . A charter dated 1034 records the settlement of claims by "Hugone vicecomiti Vilcasini" over "terra Sancti Petri Gisiacensi", with the consent of "senioris sui comitis Droconis", witnessed by "Gualerannus frater ipsius vicecomitis, Richardus de Nielfa consanguineus eius, Sanson vicecomes de Medanta…Teduinus vicecomes, Amelius frater eius…Rodulfus delicatus…"[2178].

1. EUDES . Vicomte de Meulan. A charter dated to [1117/30] records the foundation of the priory of Davron and that “ecclesie parochialis...Fulcherolarum dimidiam decimam” was donated by its owners including “...ab Odone...vicecomite Mellentino filioque eius Teduino”[2179]. m ---. The name of Eudes’s wife is not known. Eudes & his wife had one child:

a) TEDUIN . A charter dated to [1117/30] records the foundation of the priory of Davron and that “ecclesie parochialis...Fulcherolarum dimidiam decimam” was donated by its owners including “...ab Odone...vicecomite Mellentino filioque eius Teduino”[2180].

1. HUGUES . Vicomte de Meulan. m ---. The name of Hugues’s wife is not known. Hugues & his wife had one child:

a) AMAURY . Vicomte de Meulan. Demeulant-Thauré records that “Amaury de Mézy vicomte de Meulan” confirmed “les aumônes de Saint-Nicaise” in 1183 and “son fils Nicolas encore enfant” entered the cloister[2181]. “Amalricus vicecomes Hugonis vicecomitis filius et Tedwinus filius meus” donated half their rights in a vine “apud Mesi...Bordel” to Jumièges, with the consent of “Matheo de Monmorenci”, by charter dated [25 Mar 1190/13 Apr 1191][2182]. m ---. The name of Amaury’s wife is not known. Amaury & his wife had two children:

i) TEDUIN . “Amalricus vicecomes Hugonis vicecomitis filius et Tedwinus filius meus” donated half their rights in a vine “apud Mesi...Bordel” to Jumièges, with the consent of “Matheo de Monmorenci”, by charter dated [25 Mar 1190/13 Apr 1191][2183].

ii) NICOLAS . Demeulant-Thauré records that “Amaury de Mézy vicomte de Meulan” confirmed “les aumônes de Saint-Nicaise” in 1183 and “son fils Nicolas encore enfant” entered the cloister[2184].

Chapter 4. PERCHE, MORTAGNE

The diocese of Séez, to the south of Bayeux and Lisieux, included the pagus Corbonensis (Corbonnais) in which the county of Perche later evolved[2185]. The counties of Mortagne and Perche were located in the south of Norman territory close to the border with Maine, and developed as such in the mid-11th century.

1. AGIMBERT (-836). Comte du Perche. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Wala Corbeiensis abbas, Matfridus, Hugo, Lantbertus, Godefridus, itemque filius eius Godefridus, Agimbertus comes Pertensis…sed et Richardus" died between "Kal Sep usque ad missam sancti Martini" [in 836][2186].

1. HERVE [I] (-after 25 Jun 955). [“Domni Gauslini comitis, domni Ervei comitis, domni Gausberti comitis, domni Fulconis” signed the charter dated 13 Nov 912 under which “domnus Robertus Sancti Martini...abba...et comes” confirmed the independence of Marmoutier abbey[2187]. The date of this document is early for it to refer to the same Comte Hervé who was named in 955.] "Hugonis ducis, filiorum eius Othonis et Hugonis, Odonis comitis, Hugonis comitis Cenomannorum, Hervei comitis Mauritaniæ, Lamberti vicecomitis" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 955 under which "Lambertus filius Ansberti cum Girberga sorore mea…" donated property "in territorio Corbonensi" to Chartres Saint-Père[2188]. Comte de Mortagne. Comte du Perche. m MELISENDE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Hervé & his wife had two children:

a) HILDEGARDE du Perche (-14 Apr [1021/22]). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Hildegardis, vicecomitissa Castridunensis" donated property "alodum meum de Bello Monte" to "sanctissimo Petro Carnotensis cœnobii", with the consent of "filio meo Hugone, archiepiscopo Turonorum", by charter dated to 1020, signed by "Hugo archipræsul., Gausfridi nepotis eius…Helgaudi filii archiepiscopi…"[2189]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVIII Kal Mai" of "Hildegardis vicecomitissa de Castellodunis", stating that "filius eius Hugo Turonensis episcopus" donated property at "Viverus" for her soul[2190]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "XVII Kal Mai" of "Hildegarda vicecomitissa" and her donation of "allodium de Bellomonte"[2191]. m HUGUES Vicomte de Châteaudun, son of GEOFFROY Vicomte de Châteaudun & his wife Ermengarde --- (-989 or after).

b) GERBERGE . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m as his first wife, GELDUIN Seigneur de Saumur, son of --- (-bur Pontlevoy Sainte-Marie).

ROTROU de Châteaudun, son of GEOFFROY Vicomte de Châteaudun & his wife Helvis [Elisabeth] de Corbon (-1 Mar [1080]). "Hugonis filii domini Gaufridi vicecomitis, Rotroci fratris eius, Eleusie matris eorum" subscribed the charter dated [20 Jul 1031/19 Jul 1032] under which "Gauffridus Castridunensium vicecomes" founded the abbey of Saint-Denis de Nogent[2192]. "Gauffredus vicecomes Dunensis Castri" made a donation to Saint-Denis de Nogent by charter dated 1040, witnessed by "Hugo filius Gauffridi, Rotrocus frater eius"[2193]. "Rotrocus castri Mauritanie comes atque Dunensis castri vicecomes" names "Gaufridus pater meus comes" in his confirmation of donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent with the consent of "filiorum meorum…Gaufridi, Hugonis, Rotroci, Fulcoisi ac filie mee Helvise" by charter dated 11 Jan 1078[2194]. Vicomte de Châteaudun. Comte de Mortagne 1058. "Rotrochus comes de Mauritania et mea uxor Adeliz et filii nostri Rotrochus et ceteri nostri infantes" donated property to Saint-Vincent du Mans, for the anniversary of "avi mei Fulcuich comitis et avunculi mei Hugonis et patris mei vicecomitis Gaufridi" by charter dated to [1065][2195]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "Kal Mar" of "Rotrocus comes"[2196].

m ADELISE de Bellême, daughter of GUERIN [Warinus] de Bellême & his wife ---. Her parentage is suggested by Orderic Vitalis who records that the great-grandfather of Rotrou [III] Comte du Perche was Guerin "quem dæmones suffocaverunt"[2197]. It is also suggested by the reference in the same source to her son Geoffroy having a justified claim to Domfront, a castle which had been constructed by Adelise’s paternal grandfather. The source which confirms her name has not been identified.

Comte Rotrou & his wife had five children:

1. GEOFFROY de Châteaudun (-mid-Oct 1100, bur Nogent-le-Rotrou[2198]). Orderic Vitalis names him and his father[2199]. "Gauffridus vicecomes, Hugo vicecomes Castriduni, Rotrocus frater eius de Montfort" witnessed a donation to Saint-Denis de Nogent by "Henricus vicecomes Mauritanie"[2200], the charter dated to [1060] in the compilation. "Gaufridi, Hu[gonis], Rotroci, Fulcoisi filiorum meorum" consented to the confirmation of donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by "Rotrocus castri Mauritanie comes atque Dunensis castri vicecomes" dated 11 Jan 1078[2201]. Orderic Vitalis names “...Goifredus Rotronis Moritoniæ comitis filius...” among those who took part in the battle of Hastings[2202]. He succeeded his father in [1080] as Comte de Mortagne. "Gaufridus castri Mauritaniæ comes" confirmed donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by charter dated [1080] in which he named "avus meus dominus Gaufridus vicecomes Castriduni et pater meus Rotrocus comes"[2203]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Goisfredus Rotronis Mauritaniæ comitis filius” rebelled against Robert [III] Duke of Normandy, burnt “Excalfoium” [Echaufour], and claimed (Orderic says with justification) “Danfrontem...castrum” [Domfront] from “Rodberto cognato suo”, dated to [1088][2204]. It appears that Geoffroy’s claim to Domfront was through his mother’s family, her grandfather having first constructed the castle. It is unlikely, therefore, that the claim by Duke Robert was based on a family connection: more likely Domfront had at some point been occupied by the duke or his father. This leaves open the precise relationship between Geoffroy and Duke Robert “cognato suo”, which has not been traced. He adopted the title Comte du Perche after 1090. "Hugo vicecomes de Castroduno" donated the church of Saint-Léonard de Bellême to Marmoutier, with the consent of "Gausfredo comite fratre eius, Roberto Mandaguerran fratre eius, Comitissa uxore eius, Gausfredo filio eius, Matilde filia eius", by charter dated to [1092/1100][2205]. His burial at Nogent-le-Rotrou is confirmed by the charter dated 1099 under which "Rotrocus filius domini Gauffridi comitis Mauritaniensis" confirmed donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent after returning from Jerusalem and visiting his father's tomb[2206]. m BEATRIX de Ramerupt, daughter of HILDUIN [IV] de Montdidier et de Ramerupt Comte de Roucy & his wife Adelaide de Roucy (-2 Sep after 1129). "Beatrice uxor mea et filio meo Rotroco nec non fratribus meis" confirmed the confirmation of donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by "Gaufridus castri Mauritaniæ comes" dated [1080][2207]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Beatrix" as second daughter of Hilduin Comte de Roucy and incorrectly names her husband "Rotroldo comiti de Pertico"[2208]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "comitis Hilduini de Rameruth maior natu filia dicta Beatrix" as wife, also incorrectly, of "Rotaldo comiti de Pertica"[2209]. She is named as wife of Geoffroy Comte du Perche by Orderic Vitalis, but this source incorrectly states that she was the daughter of "the count of Rochefort"[2210], while specifying in another passage that her son Rotrou was consanguineus of Alfonso I King of Aragon[2211]. A close family relationship with the Comtes de Rochefort is nevertheless suggested by "Rotrocus comes Perticensis, Beatrix comitissa mater eiusdem" witnessing the charter dated [1114] under which "Guido comes Rocheforti" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité de Tiron[2212], although this relationship has not been identified. "Rotrocus comes et Beatrix mater eius atque Mathildis uxor comitis" subscribed the charter dated to [1105/07] under which "Guillermus de Loiscel" made donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent[2213]. Comte Geoffroy & his wife had five children:

a) ROTROU "le Grand" du Perche (-killed in battle Rouen [20 Jan/23 Apr] or 6 May 1144). He is named and his parentage given by Orderic Vitalis[2214]. "Beatrice uxor mea et filio meo Rotroco nec non fratribus meis" confirmed the confirmation of donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by "Gaufridus castri Mauritaniæ comes" dated [1080][2215]. He succeeded his father as Comte du Perche.

- see below.

b) MARGUERITE du Perche (-27 Aug after 1156). Orderic Vitalis names “Margaritam...Julianam” as the daughters of “Goisfredus Rotronis Mauritaniæ comitis filius” and his wife “Beatricis”, adding that Marguerite married “Henrico comiti de Covarevico”[2216]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names " Rotaldum eiusdem loci comitem et Iulainam de Aquila matrem regine Navarrensis, et Margaretam uxorem Gisleberti de Novo-burgo" as children, incorrectly, of "Rotaldo comiti de Pertica" & his wife Beatrix de Roucy, specifying that Marguerite had children "Rotaldum Ebrodiensem episcopum cum aliis liberis utriusque sexus"[2217]. “Henricus…Warwicense consul et Margareta uxor mea et Rogerus noster filius” donated property to Warwick St Mary by undated charter[2218]. The 1130 Pipe Roll records "comitisse de Warwic" in Wiltshire[2219]. 1156. The necrology of the church of Evreux records the death "27 Aug" of "Margarita mater Rotrodi episcopi"[2220]. m HENRY de Beaumont Earl of Warwick, son of ROGER Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger & his wife Adeline de Meulan ([1048]-[20 Jun] 1119, bur Préaux).

c) JULIANE du Perche (-after 1132). Orderic Vitalis names “Margaritam...Julianam” as the daughters of “Goisfredus Rotronis Mauritaniæ comitis filius” and his wife “Beatricis”, adding that Juliane married “Gisleberto de Aquila oppido”[2221], in another passage describing her husband as “Gislebertum Aquilensem” son of “Richerium de Aquila Engenulfi filium”[2222]. The marriage is dated from a third passage in Orderic Vitalis which records that “Goisfredus Mauritaniæ comes” granted “Julianam filiam suam” in marriage to “Gisleberto Aquilensi nepote eius” after “Gisleberto Ingenulfi de Aquila” was killed, dated to [1092][2223]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Rotaldum eiusdem loci comitem et Iulainam de Aquila matrem regine Navarrensis, et Margaretam uxorem Gisleberti de Novo-burgo" as children, incorrectly, of "Rotaldo comiti de Pertica" & his wife Beatrix de Roucy, specifying that Marguerite had children "Rotaldum Ebrodiensem episcopum cum aliis liberis utriusque sexus"[2224]. "Rotrocus comes Perticensium" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité de Tiron by charter dated [1119] subscribed by "Juliane soror mea, Richerii filius eius"[2225]. "Juliane soror mea" witnessed the charter dated [1120] under which "Perticensis comes Rotrocus" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité de Tiron[2226]. "Domine Juliane" recognised rights of Saint-Denis de Nogent by charter dated to [1122/33], specifying that she was governing Perche while the count was absent in Spain, witnessed by "Gislebertus puer filius prefate Juliane"[2227]. m ([1092]) GILBERT Seigneur de Laigle, son of RICHER Seigneur de Laigle & his wife Judith d'Avranches (-[1118]).

d) MATHILDE du Perche (before 1100-27 May 1143, bur Arnaco). The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records the marriage of "Guidonem", son of "Gerardus", and "Matilde, matre Bosonis de Torena quæ Arnaco condita est"[2228]. In another passage, the Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "Raymundus" married "Mathilde…soror Comitis de Pertico"[2229]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records the death "V Kal Jun" of "Mathildis uxor quondam Raymundi de Torenna" and her burial by "Guidone…Crassus viro suo filio Geraldi de Turribus" at "Arnaco", recording that her son Boson was killed within one month of his mother's death[2230]. The necrology of Saint-Martial records the death “IV Kal Jun” of “Matheldis vicecomitissa”[2231]. It is not certain that this entry relates to Mathilde du Perche Vicomtesse de Turenne, but no other vicomtesse of this name has yet been identified in the Limousin area. m firstly RAYMOND [I] Vicomte de Turenne, son of BOSON [I] Vicomte de Turenne & his wife Gerberge ---. 1127. m secondly GUY [IV] "le Gros" de Lastours, son of GERARD [I] de Lastours & his wife Humberga --- (-Jerusalem [1147/49]).

e) daughter . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

2. HUGUES [III] de Châteaudun (-1110). "Gaufridi, Hu[gonis], Rotroci, Fulcoisi filiorum meorum" consented to the confirmation of donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by "Rotrocus castri Mauritanie comes atque Dunensis castri vicecomes" dated 11 Jan 1078[2232]. He succeeded his father in [1080] as Vicomte de Châteaudun.

- VICOMTES de CHÂTEAUDUN.

3. ROTROU de Châteaudun [de Montfort] (-after [1110/11]). "Gaufridi, Hu[gonis], Rotroci, Fulcoisi filiorum meorum" consented to the confirmation of donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by "Rotrocus castri Mauritanie comes atque Dunensis castri vicecomes" dated 11 Jan 1078[2233]. "Rotroci fratris comitis" subscribed the donation to Cluny by "Gaufridus castri Mauritaniæ comes" dated [1080][2234]. Seigneur de Montfort-le-Rotrou [1100]. "Gauffridus vicecomes, Hugo vicecomes Castriduni, Rotrocus frater eius de Montfort" witnessed a donation to Saint-Denis de Nogent by "Henricus vicecomes Mauritanie"[2235], the charter dated to [1060] in the compilation. "Rotrochus de Monteforti…Rotrochus junior, Lucia eius mater…" witnessed a charter dated to [1078/80] which records a donation by "domnum Rotrochum cum uxore sua…Lucia et quatuor filiis suis" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans[2236]. "Hugo vicecomes de Castroduno" donated property "pro fratribus suis Gausfredo et Rotroco" by charter dated to [1095/1100][2237]. "…Rotrodus de Monteforti frater eiusdem Hugonis" consented to the donation by "Hugo vicecomes Castriduni" by charter dated [1110/11][2238]. "Rotrocus de Monteforti…" witnessed the undated charter, dated to late 11th century, under which "Herbertus Desreatus" donated "terram…apud Sangeium" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans[2239]. A charter dated to [1110] records the donation by "Avesgaudum de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "domnum Rotrochum cum uxore sua…Lucia et quatuor filiis suis", signed by "Rotroco, Lucia uxore eius, Hugone filio eius majore, Rotrocho secundo, Fulcoio tertio, Gilduino quarto…"[2240]. m LUCIE, daughter of ---. "Rotrochus de Monteforti…Rotrochus junior, Lucia eius mater…" witnessed a charter dated to [1078/80] which records a donation by "domnum Rotrochum cum uxore sua…Lucia et quatuor filiis suis" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans[2241]. "Rotrochus de Monte Forti et uxor eius Lucia" donated "ecclesias de Flaceio et de Toreio", which previously belonged to "Gaufridus de Sonzeiaco" who had married "sororem Lucie" who had died leaving the property to her husband, her own child having died "parvulo", for the soul of "filii sui Hugonis" on the day of his burial, by charter dated to [1080/1100][2242]. A charter dated to [1110] records the donation by "Avesgaudum de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "domnum Rotrochum cum uxore sua…Lucia et quatuor filiis suis", signed by "Rotroco, Lucia uxore eius, Hugone filio eius majore, Rotrocho secundo, Fulcoio tertio, Gilduino quarto, Hugone de Montibus…"[2243]. Rotrou & his wife had four children:

a) HUGUES . "Rotrochus de Monte Forti et uxor eius Lucia" donated "ecclesias de Flaceio et de Toreio", which previously belonged to "Gaufridus de Sonzeiaco" who had married "sororem Lucie" who had died leaving the property to her husband, her own child having died "parvulo", for the soul of "filii sui Hugonis" on the day of his burial, by charter dated to [1080/1100][2244]. A charter dated to [1110] records the donation by "Avesgaudum de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "domnum Rotrochum cum uxore sua…Lucia et quatuor filiis suis", signed by "Rotroco, Lucia uxore eius, Hugone filio eius majore, Rotrocho secundo, Fulcoio tertio, Gilduino quarto…"[2245].

b) ROTROU . "Rotrochus de Monteforti…Rotrochus junior, Lucia eius mater…" witnessed a charter dated to [1078/80] which records a donation by "domnum Rotrochum cum uxore sua…Lucia et quatuor filiis suis" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans[2246]. A charter dated to [1110] records the donation by "Avesgaudum de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "domnum Rotrochum cum uxore sua…Lucia et quatuor filiis suis", signed by "Rotroco, Lucia uxore eius, Hugone filio eius majore, Rotrocho secundo, Fulcoio tertio, Gilduino quarto…"[2247].

- SEIGNEURS de MONTFORT-le-ROTROU[2248]. “Rotrou de Montfort et Isabelle sa femme”, before leaving on their journey overseas, had donated “la moitié de la dîme...de Neuvy en Touraine...”, with the consent of “Rotrou, Gui et Hugues leurs fils, de Marguerite et d’Agnès leurs filles et de M. fille de la susdite Isabelle”, by charter dated Jan 1236 (O.S.?)[2249]. “Isabelle dame de Semblançay, veuve de feu Rotrou de Montfort” established the anniversary of her husband at Tours Saint-Martin by charter dated Jan 1240 (O.S.?)[2250]. “Rotrou seigneur de Montfort et de St-Christophe, en Touraine et Marguerite sa femme” agreed to ensure that “Constance sœur de la dite Marguerite” would respect an agreement with the chapter of Tours Saint-Martin and “le prévôt d’Oé” by charter dated Jan 1251 (O.S.?)[2251]. “Rotrou seigneur de Montfort et de St-Christophe” confirmed the donation to Bonlieu made by “Aimery de Souz chevalier” which had been confirmed by “Hugues d’Aluye père de Marguerite femme du dit Rotrou de Montfort jadis seigneur de Châteaux et de St-Christophe” by charter dated Jan 1251 (O.S.?)[2252]. “Guillaume l’Archeveque sire de Parthenay et Jne de Montfort sa femme” donated land “à Belleville” to Marmoutier in exchange for “la dixme du marché de Foury et de l’Etang de Semblancay” by charter early Oct 1290[2253].

c) FULCO . A charter dated to [1110] records the donation by "Avesgaudum de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "domnum Rotrochum cum uxore sua…Lucia et quatuor filiis suis", signed by "Rotroco, Lucia uxore eius, Hugone filio eius majore, Rotrocho secundo, Fulcoio tertio, Gilduino quarto…"[2254].

d) GILDUIN . A charter dated to [1110] records the donation by "Avesgaudum de Conedrario" to the church of Saint-Vincent du Mans, with the consent of "domnum Rotrochum cum uxore sua…Lucia et quatuor filiis suis", signed by "Rotroco, Lucia uxore eius, Hugone filio eius majore, Rotrocho secundo, Fulcoio tertio, Gilduino quarto…"[2255].

4. FULCO de Châteaudun (-after 11 Jan 1078). "Gaufridi, Hu[gonis], Rotroci, Fulcoisi filiorum meorum" consented to the confirmation of donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by "Rotrocus castri Mauritanie comes atque Dunensis castri vicecomes" dated 11 Jan 1078[2256].

5. HELVISE de Châteaudun (-after 11 Jan 1078). "Elviseque filie" consented to the confirmation of donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by "Rotrocus castri Mauritanie comes atque Dunensis castri vicecomes" dated 11 Jan 1078[2257].

Comte Rotrou had one [possibly illegitimate] child:

6. ROBERT "Manda Guerra" (-after [1095/1100]). "Roberto fratre eius Mandaguerram…" consented to the donation by "Hugonis vicecomitis" by charter dated to [1080/1100][2258]. "Hugo vicecomes de Castroduno" donated the church of Saint-Léonard de Bellême to Marmoutier, with the consent of "Gausfredo comite fratre eius, Roberto Mandaguerran fratre eius, Comitissa uxore eius, Gausfredo filio eius, Matilde filia eius", by charter dated to [1092/1100][2259]. "Hugo vicecomes de Castroduno" donated property "pro fratribus suis Gausfredo et Rotroco" with the consent of "…Roberto Mandi Guerram fratre eius…" by charter dated to [1095/1100][2260]. It is likely that Robert was illegitimate as he is not named with his father's known sons in the charter dated 11 Jan 1078.

ROTROU "le Grand" du Perche, son of GEOFFROY [I] Comte de Mortagne, Comte du Perche & his wife Béatrix de Ramerupt [Roucy] (-killed in battle Rouen [20 Jan/23 Apr] or 6 May 1144). He is named and his parentage given by Orderic Vitalis[2261]. "Beatrice uxor mea et filio meo Rotroco nec non fratribus meis" confirmed the confirmation of donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by "Gaufridus castri Mauritaniæ comes" dated [1080][2262]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Rotaldum eiusdem loci comitem et Iulianam de Aquila matrem regine Navarrensis, et Margaretam uxorem Gisleberti de Novo-burgo" as children, incorrectly, of "Rotaldo comiti de Pertica" & his wife Beatrix de Roucy[2263]. He succeeded his father as Comte du Perche. He accompanied Robert III Duke of Normandy on the First Crusade Sep 1096[2264]. William of Tyre names Rotrou Comte de Perche among those who left on the First Crusade in 1096 with Robert Count of Flanders[2265]. "Rotrocus filius domini Gauffridi comitis Mauritaniensis" confirmed donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by charter dated 1099 after returning from Jerusalem and visiting his father's tomb[2266]. He fought for his first cousin Alfonso I "el Batallador" King of Aragon against the Moors in 1105 and 1114[2267]. He founded the abbey of Tiron in 1109[2268]. In 1114, he assisted Henry I King of England at the siege of Bellême, which he had previously claimed by hereditary right from his paternal grandmother and which the king granted to him after its capture. "Perticensis comes Rotrocus" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité de Tiron with the consent of "genere mei Helie filiique mee Philippe" by charter dated [1120] witnessed by "Juliane soror mea"[2269]. "Comes Rotro" donated property to the monastery of Subiano, confirmed by "Aldefonsus rex", by charter dated Apr 1123[2270]. He returned to France after another expedition in Spain in 1125[2271]. "Rotroldus comes Perticensis et dominus Belismensis, filius Gaufredi comitis Perticensis et comitissæ Beatricis" confirmed the donation of the church of Saint-Léonard de Bellême to Marmoutier by charter dated 1126[2272]. He supported Stephen King of England who gave him Moulin in 1135[2273]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1144 at the siege of Rouen of "comes Perticensis Rotrodus"[2274]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "II Non Mai" of "Rotrocus comes Perticensis"[2275].

m firstly ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

m secondly (1103) MATHILDE, illegitimate daughter of HENRY I King of England & his mistress Edith --- (-drowned off Barfleur, Normandy 25 Nov 1120). She is named as daughter of King Henry I by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that the king "built up [her husband's] power by greatly augmenting his estates and wealth in England"[2276]. Orderic also specifies that the king arranged her marriage at the same time as that of her half-sister Juliane[2277]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to, but does not name, the wife of "Rotaldus comes" as "filiam regis Anglie", specifying that she had daughters[2278]. Her father gave her lands in Wiltshire as her dowry[2279]. "Rotrocus comes et Beatrix mater eius atque Mathildis uxor comitis" subscribed the charter dated to [1105/07] under which "Guillermus de Loiscel" made donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent[2280]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester names "…filia regis comitissa de Perceio…" among those drowned in the sinking of the White Ship[2281]. William of Malmesbury also records that she drowned following the sinking of the “Blanche Nef [White Ship]”[2282].

m thirdly (after [1120]) as her first husband, HAWISE de Salisbury, daughter of WALTER FitzEdward Earl of Salisbury & his wife Sibylle de Chaources [Chaworth] (-13 Jan before 1152). William of Tyre refers to Rotrou's marriage with the sister of Earl Patrick after the marriage of his daughter Philippa[2283]. Philippa’s marriage is dated to [1120]. The chronology of Hawise’s children suggests their births after [1135/40] at the earliest. If that is correct, Hawise would presumably have been an infant if she had married soon after [1120]. It appears more likely that the marriage took place in the early 1130s, which would place Hawise’s birth in [1120], which would suggest that she was one of her parents’ older children. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the first wife of "comitem de Brana Robertum domnum" as "matrem…comitis Rotroldi de Pertico, natam de Salesberia"[2284]. Robert of Torigny records that "uxorem…suam [comitis Perticensis Rotrodi]" was later given by "Ludovicus rex Francorum [to] Roberto fratri suo"[2285]. She married secondly ([1144/45]) as his first wife, Robert de France, who was later installed as Seigneur de Dreux. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "Id Jan" of "Amicia comitissa Perticensis mater Rotrodi militis"[2286], although if this entry correctly refers to Hawise it is surprising that there is no reference which would indicate her second marriage.

Comte Rotrou & his first wife had one daughter:

1. BEATRIX du Perche . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m RAINALD [IV] Seigneur de Château-Gonthier, son of ADELARD Seigneur de Château-Gonthier & his [first/second] wife [Mathilde ---/Exilia ---] (-before 1180, bur Angers, Saint-Nicolas).

Comte Rotrou & his second wife had two daughters:

2. PHILIPPA du Perche . Her parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[2287]. William of Tyre names her and her father (specifying that she was his only daughter) when he records her marriage[2288]. "Perticensis comes Rotrocus" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité de Tiron with the consent of "genere mei Helie filiique mee Philippe" by charter dated [1120] witnessed by "Juliane soror mea"[2289]. m ([1120]) HELIE d'Anjou Comte du Maine, son of FOULQUES V Comte d'Anjou & his first wife Eremburge Ctss du Maine (-15 Jan 1151).

3. FELICIE du Perche . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Neither Orderic Vitalis nor William of Tyre record a second daughter by Comte Rotrou’s second marriage[2290].

Comte Rotrou & his third wife had three children:

4. ROTROU [II] du Perche (-killed in battle Acre 27 Jul 1191). Robert of Torigny names "Rotrodum et Gaufridem" as the two "filios parvulos" left by "comes Perticensis Rotrodus" when he died in 1144[2291]. Seigneur de Bellême 1158. He succeeded in 1180 as Comte du Perche .

- see below.

5. GEOFFROY du Perche (-after 1154). Robert of Torigny names "Rotrodum et Gaufridem" as the two "filios parvulos" left by "comes Perticensis Rotrodus" when he died in 1144[2292]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that Henry II King of England granted "terram vicecomitis Ademari [Limoges]" to "Gaufredo de Novo-burgo…frater Rotrodis comes Perticæ, et Guillermo qui cognominabatur Pandolf" after this accession[2293], presumably during the minority of Vicomte Boson Adémar [V] although the passage does not specify this. "Rotrodum…Pertici comitem" granted "la maison de Saint-Quentin" to "Roberto Sancti Quintini" by undated charter, dated to before 1190, which names "Pagano predicti Roberti patri" and is signed by "Gaufridus frater ipsius comitis…"[2294].

Comte Rotrou had two illegitimate children by an unknown mistress or mistresses:

6. BERTRAND . The paternity of Bertrand is established by Hugo Falcandus who records that "Stephen son of the Count of Perche…stopped with his brother's son the Count of Gravina" on his way to Sicily[2295]. He must have been much older than his half-brother, as his son's own son was adult by 1166, and illegitimate as his half-brother Rotrou inherited the county of Perche from their father. m ---. The name of Bertrand's wife is not known. Bertrand & his wife had one child:

a) GILBERT (-after 1168). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Conte di Gravina.

- CONTE di GRAVINA, CONTI d'ANDRIA.

7. ETIENNE du Perche ([1140]-Palestine [1168/69], bur Jerusalem, Church of the Holy Sepulchre). The Annals of Romoald name "Stephanus filius comitis de Percia clericus et consanguineus regine [Siciliæ]" when recording his arrival in Sicily in 1167[2296]. William of Tyre names him brother of Rotrou Comte de Perche, when he records his arrival in Jerusalem in 1168 after being expelled from Sicily[2297]. It is likely that he was illegitimate as he is not named by Robert of Torigny as one of the "filios parvulos" left by his father on his death in 1144[2298]. Chancellor of the kingdom of Sicily 1166. He was elected Bishop of Palermo 1168. Hugo Falcandus records the "report…reached the court that the chancellor [Stephen] had died" in [1168/69][2299].

ROTROU [II] de Perche, son of ROTROU [I] "le Grand" Comte du Perche & his second wife Mathilde [of England] (-killed in battle Acre 27 Jul 1191). Robert of Torigny names "Rotrodum et Gaufridem" as the two "filios parvulos" left by "comes Perticensis Rotrodus" when he died in 1144[2300]. Seigneur de Bellême 1158. "Rotrocus comes Perticensis filius Rotrici comitis" confirmed donations to Saint-Denis de Nogent by charter dated to [1160][2301]. He succeeded in 1180 as Comte du Perche. "Rotrodum…Pertici comitem" granted "la maison de Saint-Quentin" to "Roberto Sancti Quintini" by undated charter, dated to before 1190, which names "Pagano predicti Roberti patri" and is signed by "Gaufridus frater ipsius comitis…"[2302]. Matthew of Paris records the death at Acre in 1191 of "comes Robertus Perticensis"[2303].

m (before 1160) MATHILDE de Blois, daughter of THIBAUT IV Comte de Blois & his wife Mathilde von Sponheim [Carinthia] (-1 Jan [1184]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comitis Mathildis Pertici" as the fourth of the six daughters of "comes Campanie Theobaldus"[2304]. A list of foundations at Troyes records the memory "1 Jan" of "madame Mahaut ou Mathilde de Champagne, fille du comte Thibaut, mariée à Rotrou Comte du Perche"[2305]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "Kal Jan" of "Mathildis comitissa Perticensis uxor Rotrodi comitis"[2306].

Comte Rotrou [II] & his wife had six children:

1. GEOFFROY du Perche (-27 Mar or 5 Apr 1202). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He succeeded his father in 1191 as Comte du Perche. He took part in the Crusades of 1191 and 1200. Seigneur de Moulins et de Bonmoulins 1194. "Gaufridus comes Pertici" granted revenue to "Osannæ domicillæ nostræ", with the consent of "uxoris meæ Matildis Perticensis comitissæ et Thomas filii mei et Stephani fratris mei", by charter dated Mar 1202[2307]. Villehardouin records that "Comte Geoffroy du Perche…with his brother Etienne", but that Geoffroy died in Lent after preparations had been started leaving his brother in command of his part of the army[2308]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "Non Apr" of "Guafridus comes Perticensis", stating that "cuius uxor Maltildis Perticensis comitissa" donated property for his soul[2309]. The necrology of the Abbaye des Clairets records the death "VI Kal Apr" of "Galfridus comes Pertici"[2310]. m firstly (before 1170) MATHILDE, daughter of --- (-7 Apr ----). The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "VII Id Apr" of "Matildis uxor Gaufridi comitis Perticensis"[2311]. The different date of death suggests that this refers to a different wife of Comte Geoffroy from Mathilde of Saxony. m secondly (Rouen 1189) as her first husband, MATHILDE of Saxony, daughter of HEINRICH "der Löwe" Duke of Saxony and Bavaria [Welf] & his second wife Matilda of England (1172-13 Jan [1209]). Benedict of Peterborough records that the marriage in 1189 of "filio hæredi comitis de Pertico" and "Matildam filiam ducis Saxoniæ"[2312]. "Gaufridus comes Pertici" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe at the request of "Matildis comitisse uxor mee et Thomé filii mei" by charter dated [1200][2313]. "Gaufridus comes Pertici" granted revenue to "Osannæ domicillæ nostræ", with the consent of "uxoris meæ Matildis Perticensis comitissæ et Thomas filii mei et Stephani fratris mei", by charter dated Mar 1202[2314]. "Matildis Perticensis comitissa" founded an anniversary at Chartres Notre-Dame for "Gaufridi olim mariti mei", with the consent of "Thoma filio nostro…et Stephano de Pertico fratre predicti mariti mei", by charter dated Jun 1202[2315]. "Mathildis comitissima Perticensis" founded the abbey of Notre-Dame des Clairets, naming "Gaufridus quondam comes Perticensis maritus noster" and with the consent of "domini Stephani fratris sui…Thomæ filii nostri", by charter dated Jul 1204[2316]. She married secondly (1204) as his second wife, Enguerrand [III] Seigneur de Coucy. "Engelrannus de Couciaco comes Perticensis" confirmed donations to Thenailles abbey made by "Radulphi patris nostri", with the consent of "uxoris nostræ comitissæ de Pertico et fratrum nostrorum Thomæ iam militis et Roberti", by charter dated 1205[2317]. "Ingelrannus de Couciaco dominus de Fara" donated annual payments to Fère, with the consent of "uxoris meæ Matildis comitissæ de Pertico et fratrum meorum Thomæ et Roberti", by charter dated 1207[2318]. The necrology of the Abbaye des Clairets records the death "Id Jan" of "Mathildis comitissa fundatrix Claretorum"[2319]. Comte Geoffroy II & his first wife had [one] child:

a) GEOFFROY du Perche . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1170/96.

Comte Geoffroy II & his second wife had two children:

b) THOMAS du Perche (-killed in battle near Lincoln 20 May 1217, bur near Lincoln). "Gaufridus comes Pertici" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe at the request of "Matildis comitisse uxor mee et Thomé filii mei" by charter dated [1200][2320]. "Gaufridus comes Pertici" granted revenue to "Osannæ domicillæ nostræ", with the consent of "uxoris meæ Matildis Perticensis comitissæ et Thomas filii mei et Stephani fratris mei", by charter dated Mar 1202[2321]. He succeeded his father in 1202 as THOMAS Comte du Perche. "Matildis Perticensis comitissa" founded an anniversary at Chartres Notre-Dame for "Gaufridi olim mariti mei", with the consent of "Thoma filio nostro…et Stephano de Pertico fratre predicti mariti mei", by charter dated Jun 1202[2322]. "Mathildis comitissima Perticensis" founded the abbey of Notre-Dame des Clairets, naming "Gaufridus quondam comes Perticensis maritus noster" and with the consent of "domini Stephani fratris sui…Thomæ filii nostri", by charter dated Jul 1204[2323]. “Thomas comes Pertici” confirmed donations to Bradsole Abbey, Kent by “Galfridus pater meus et M. mater mea” by undated charter[2324]. "Thomas comes Pertici" confirmed the donations to the abbey of Notre-Dame des Clairets by "patre nostro Gaufrido comite Pertici et Mathildi uxore eius…matre nostra" by charter dated May 1213[2325]. "Willelmus Cathalaunensis episcopus et comes Pertici" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe for the souls of "quondam memorandi…Galfridus comes Pertici frater nostrer…Thomas quondam comitem Pertici nepotem nostrum" with the consent of "Helisendis tunc temporis comitissa Pertici" by charter dated 1220[2326]. The necrology of the Abbaye des Clairets records the death "III Non Mai" of "Thomas comes Pertici"[2327]. His death in the battle of Lincoln is described in graphic detail by Matthew of Paris, who also records his burial "in pomerio hospitalis extra villam"[2328]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that "comes de Pertico" was killed "apud Lincolniam…XIII Kal Jul" [1217][2329]. m as her first husband, HELISENDE de Rethel Dame de Perthes et de Tagnon, daughter of HUGUES [II] Comte de Rethel & his wife Félicité de Broyes (-before 1234). "Hugues comte de Rethel" granted "les domaines de Perthes et de Tagnon", property of "la mère dudit Hugues", to "sa fille Helissend comtesse de Perche" by charter dated Aug 1218[2330]. "Willelmus Cathalaunensis episcopus et comes Pertici" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe for the souls of "quondam memorandi…Galfridus comes Pertici frater nostrer…Thomas quondam comitem Pertici nepotem nostrum" with the consent of "Helisendis tunc temporis comitissa Pertici" by charter dated 1220[2331]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[2332], the first wife of Erard de Brienne Seigneur de Ramerupt was Helisende Ctss du Perche. The only contemporary of this name was Helisende de Rethel, wife of Thomas Comte du Perche. However, the death of the latter is recorded in 1217. No earlier marriage of his wife has been found, and in any case if she had married Erard de Brienne as her first husband she could not then have been described as "Ctss du Perche". She married secondly (before Jun 1225) Garnier [IV] de Traînel Seigneur de Martigny. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 27 Jan 1226 which refers to property owned by “Garnerio de Triangulo domino Marigniaci et Helissendi eius uxori Perticensi comitissæ”[2333]. "Garnier de Trainel seigneur de Marigny et Hélisende comtesse de Perches a femme" transferred her rights in "Perthes et à Tagnon", received on her marriage to the comte de Perche, to her father in consideration of an agreement between him and Erard de Brienne, by charter dated Nov 1226[2334]. Comte Thomas had one illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

i) THOMAS du Perche (chr Nogent-le-Rotrou 20 Mar 1215-). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m (London 6 Mar 1244) CATHERINE Lesmaye, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

(a) JOSEPH THOMAS du Perche . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m (London 1272) ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

c) THIBAUT du Perche (-12 Jan before 1211). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Deacon at Tours cathedral.

2. ETIENNE du Perche (-killed in battle Adrianople 14 Apr 1205). He is named as brother of the Comte de Perche by William of Tyre (Continuator)[2335]. Seigneur de Mittainvillers 1193. "Gaufridus comes Pertici" granted revenue to "Osannæ domicillæ nostræ", with the consent of "uxoris meæ Matildis Perticensis comitissæ et Thomas filii mei et Stephani fratris mei", by charter dated Mar 1202[2336]. "Matildis Perticensis comitissa" founded an anniversary at Chartres Notre-Dame for "Gaufridi olim mariti mei", with the consent of "Thoma filio nostro…et Stephano de Pertico fratre predicti mariti mei", by charter dated Jun 1202[2337]. Villehardouin records that "Comte Geoffroy du Perche…with his brother Etienne", but that Geoffroy died in Lent after preparations had been started leaving his brother in command of his part of the army[2338]. Villehardouin records that he deserted from the army at the siege of Zara and "went to stay for a time in Apulia"[2339]. He was installed as Duke of Philadelphia in 1204. "Mathildis comitissima Perticensis" founded the abbey of Notre-Dame des Clairets, naming "Gaufridus quondam comes Perticensis maritus noster" and with the consent of "domini Stephani fratris sui…Thomæ filii nostri", by charter dated Jul 1204[2340]. Villehardouin records that he was killed in battle at the siege of Adrianople[2341].

3. ROTROU du Perche (-10 Dec 1201). Thesaurarius of the church of Saint-Martin, Tours. Archdeacon at Reims. He was elected Bishop of Châlons 1191, appointed 1196. The Annales Sancti Petri Catalaunensis record the election in 1190 of “Rotrochus episcopus”[2342]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records in 1190 the death of "episcopus Cathalaunensis Guido" and the election of “in episcopum Rotrocus de Pertico regis Francorum consobrinus”[2343]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records in 1201 the deaths of "Cathalaunensis Rotroldus et Laudunensis Rogerus episcopi, qui fuit patruus Rogeri de Roseto, cui succedit quidam Renaldus"[2344]. The Annales Sancti Petri Catalaunensis (Continuatio) record the death in 1202 of “Rotrodus Cathalaunensis episcopus”[2345].

4. HENRI du Perche . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vicomte de Mortagne. m GEORGIA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Henri & his wife had two children:

a) HUGUES de Mortagne . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

b) ADELAIS de Mortagne . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

5. GUILLAUME du Perche (-18 Feb 1226). Provost of Saint-Martin, Tours. He was elected Bishop of Châlons in 1215, installed in 1216. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the abdication in 1215 of “episcopus Gerardus Cathalaunensis” and the succession of “magister Fredericus archidyaconus”, who held office for one night and in the morning abdicated, and after him “Guilelmus de Pertico consobrinus regis frater Rotroti quondam episcopi”[2346]. He succeeded his nephew in 1217 as GUILLAUME Comte du Perche. "Willelmus Cathalaunensis episcopus et comes Pertici" donated property to Notre-Dame de la Trappe for the souls of "quondam memorandi…Galfridus comes Pertici frater noster…Thomas quondam comitem Pertici nepotem nostrum" with the consent of "Helisendis tunc temporis comitissa Pertici" by charter dated 1220[2347]. The necrology of the Abbaye des Clairets records the death "XV Kal Mar" of "Guillelmus Catalaunensis episcopus comes Pertici"[2348]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records in 1226 that, after the death of “episcopus Cathalaunensis Guilelmus”, his county of Perche was claimed by “domna Ambazie comitissa Carnotensis” and “regina Berengaria et soror eius Campanie comitissa...per matrem suam...de genere Pertici”[2349].

6. THIBAUT du Perche (-21 Jan ----). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Archdeacon at Reims 1202. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XII Kal Feb" of "Theobaldus comes Perticensis"[2350].

It is not known which comte du Perche was the father of the following person:

1. EREMBURGE du Perche (-28 May ----). The necrology of the Prieuré de Fontaines records the death "28 May" of "Domina Eremburgis, sacrata Deo…clerica, comitis Pertici filia"[2351].

[1] Le Prévost ‘Anciennes divisions territoriales de la Normandie’ (1837-39), p. 1.

[2] Motey (1920), p. 118.

[3] Abbayette Saint-Michel, 1, p. 7.

[4] Abbayette Saint-Michel, 1, p. 7.

[5] Abbayette Saint-Michel, 1, p. 7.

[6] Abbayette Saint-Michel 1, p. 7.

[7] Abbayette Saint-Michel 1, p. 7.

[8] Depoin ‘Vicomtes du Maine’ (1909), p. 129.

[9] Actus pontificum Cenomannis, p. 355.

[10] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber IV, II, III, IV, pp. 239-40.

[11] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VI, X, pp. 88-9.

[12] Marmoutier-Perche, 1, p. 1.

[13] Vita Gauzlini, Liber I, IX, p. 282.

[14] Marmoutier-Perche, 1, p. 1.

[15] Actus pontificum Cenomannis, p. 355.

[16] Château-du-Loir 1, p. 1.

[17] Château-du-Loir 17, pp. 6-7.

[18] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VI, IV, p. 258.

[19] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 12, p. 16.

[20] Marmoutier-Perche, 1, p. 4.

[21] Château-du-Loir 24, p. 10.

[22] Château-du-Loir 24, p. 10.

[23] Actus pontificum Cenomannis, p. 355.

[24] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 12, p. 16.

[25] Château-du-Loir 17, pp. 6-7.

[26] Château-du-Loir 1, p. 1.

[27] Le Mans Saint-Victeur, I, p. 1.

[28] Motey (1920), p. 118.

[29] Cartularium ecclesiæ Cenomanensis, quoted in Motey (1920), p. 116.

[30] Vita Gauzlini, Liber I, IX, XXII (1853), pp. 282 and 288-9.

[31] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VI, IV, p. 258.

[32] Marmoutier-Perche, 1, p. 1.

[33] ES III 636.

[34] ES III 636.

[35] Extrait de la Chronique Manuscrite de Normandie, RHGF XI, p. 323.

[36] Extrait de la Chronique Manuscrite de Normandie, RHGF XI, p. 323.

[37] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VI, IV, p. 258.

[38] Motey (1920), p. 153.

[39] Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans no. 545, cited in Motey (1920), pp. 217-8.

[40] Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans no. 548, cited in Motey (1920), p. 218.

[41] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VI, IV, p. 258.

[42] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VI, IV, p. 258.

[43] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VI, VII, p. 260.

[44] Marmoutier-Perche, 1, p. 4.

[45] Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans no. 545, cited in Motey (1920), pp. 217-8.

[46] Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans no. 548, cited in Motey (1920), p. 218.

[47] Marmoutier-Perche, 6, p. 16.

[48] Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans no. 548, cited in Motey (1920), p. 218.

[49] Marmoutier-Perche, 6, p. 16.

[50] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VI, IV, p. 258.

[51] Marmoutier-Perche, 2, p. 5, the commentary on p. 8 stating that "l’authenticité de cette charte a été très contestée".

[52] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VI, VII, p. 260.

[53] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, X, p. 271.

[54] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 17, p. 19.

[55] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, p. 15.

[56] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XII, p. 273.

[57] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[58] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, X, p. 271.

[59] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, X, p. 271.

[60] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, X, p. 271.

[61] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XII, p. 273.

[62] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, X, p. 271.

[63] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Book III, p. 49.

[64] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[65] Marmoutier-Perche, 1, p. 4.

[66] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 137.

[67] Round (1899), 465, p. 165.

[68] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XII, p. 273.

[69] Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans no. 545, cited in Motey (1920), pp. 217-8.

[70] Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans no. 548, cited in Motey (1920), p. 218.

[71] ES III 636.

[72] ES III 636.

[73] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, III, p. 46.

[74] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XII, p. 273.

[75] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XII, XIII, pp. 273-4.

[76] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VI, p. 214.

[77] Cartulaire de Saint-Vincent du Mans no. 548, cited in Motey (1920), p. 218.

[78] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[79] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, p. 49.

[80] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 159 and 301.

[81] CP XI 697.

[82] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1166, p. 360.

[83] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1166, p. 360.

[84] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 28.

[85] Perseigne, V, p. 13.

[86] Round (1899) 485, p. 172.

[87] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 28.

[88] Notre-Dame de la Trappe, M.XLV, p. 348.

[89] Perseigne, V, p. 13.

[90] Notre-Dame de la Trappe M.XLV, p. 348.

[91] Round (1899) 485, p. 172.

[92] Perseigne, V, p. 13.

[93] Round (1899) 485, p. 172.

[94] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, XI, Genealogia Dominorum Bellismontium, p. 522.

[95] Bécheron, CXLVIII, p. 129.

[96] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, XI, Genealogia Dominorum Bellismontium, p. 522.

[97] Perseigne, XVII, p. 45.

[98] Carré de Busserolle (1880), Tome III, p. 273.

[99] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 288, p. 171.

[100] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, XI, Genealogia Dominorum Bellismontium, p. 522.

[101] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 333, p. 206.

[102] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 340, p. 208.

[103] Paris Notre-Dame, Tome II, IV, XVII, p. 160.

[104] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 381, p. 222.

[105] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Joyenval, p. 292.

[106] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, XI, Genealogia Dominorum Bellismontium, p. 522.

[107] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, XI, Genealogia Dominorum Bellismontium, p. 522.

[108] Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 1052.

[109] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Joyenval, p. 307.

[110] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, XI, Genealogia Dominorum Bellismontium, p. 522.

[111] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, XI, Genealogia Dominorum Bellismontium, p. 522.

[112] Perseigne, V, p. 13.

[113] Round (1899) 485, p. 172.

[114] Perseigne, XIX, p. 49.

[115] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes I, 1415, p. 506.

[116] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes I, 1416, p. 506.

[117] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes I, 1426, p. 509.

[118] Domesday Descendants, p. 226.

[119] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes I, 1415, p. 506.

[120] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes I, 1416, p. 506.

[121] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 75.

[122] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. V, Appendix, II Charta Guillelmi ducis Normannorum, III, p. 184.

[123] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 75.

[124] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Book III, V, pp. 75-6.

[125] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 16, p. 57.

[126] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 27, p. 72.

[127] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 16, p. 57.

[128] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 17, p. 59.

[129] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 27, p. 72.

[130] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 16, p. 57.

[131] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[132] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Book III, V, pp. 75-6.

[133] Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris, p. 22.

[134] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Book III, V, pp. 75-6.

[135] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Book III, V, pp. 75-66.

[136] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Book III, V, pp. 75-6.

[137] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. V, Appendix, VI Rotulus primus monasterii sancti Ebrulfi, III, p. 184.

[138] Dugdale Monasticon II, Chester St Werburgh, IV, p. 385.

[139] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. V, Appendix, VI Rotulus primus monasterii sancti Ebrulfi, III, p. 184.

[140] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. V, Appendix, VI Rotulus primus monasterii sancti Ebrulfi, III, p. 184.

[141] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Book III, V, pp. 75-6.

[142] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. V, Appendix, VI Rotulus primus monasterii sancti Ebrulfi, III, p. 184.

[143] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. V, Appendix, VI Rotulus primus monasterii sancti Ebrulfi, III, p. 184.

[144] De nobili genere Crispinorum, RHGF XIV, p. 268.

[145] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Book III, V, pp. 75-6.

[146] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 75.

[147] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 76.

[148] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 76.

[149] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, pp. 76-7.

[150] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[151] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 22.

[152] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 22.

[153] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 22.

[154] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 22.

[155] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 77.

[156] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 77.

[157] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 77.

[158] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 77.

[159] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 77.

[160] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, pp. 77-8.

[161] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 22.

[162] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, p. 23.

[163] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 22-3.

[164] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 23.

[165] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[166] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 24-5.

[167] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 23.

[168] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[169] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 23.

[170] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 24.

[171] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[172] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 23-4.

[173] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 24-5, translation Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 25.

[174] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, p. 25 footnote 4, where the author speculates that Guillaume may have been illegitimate, citing Fauroux no. 138, and Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, p. 26, footnote (1) which quotes the text of the subscription.

[175] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[176] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 23-4.

[177] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, X, p. 271.

[178] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXII, p. 278.

[179] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 196.

[180] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, p. 18.

[181] Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ, p. 2.

[182] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, X, p. 271.

[183] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, p. 15.

[184] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, III, pp. 53-4.

[185] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, p. 15.

[186] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXII, p. 281.

[187] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 484.

[188] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 27.

[189] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 27.

[190] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 27.

[191] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 35.

[192] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 72.

[193] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, pp. 81-2.

[194] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, p. 106.

[195] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, p. 108.

[196] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, pp. 108-9.

[197] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, pp. 108-9.

[198] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, pp. 108-9.

[199] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, pp. 108-9.

[200] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, pp. 108 and 110.

[201] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, pp. 108 and 112.

[202] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, pp. 108 and 112.

[203] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, p. 108.

[204] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 27.

[205] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 35.

[206] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 87.

[207] Skinner, P. (2002) Family Power in Southern Italy. The duchy of Gaeta and its neighbours, 850-1139 (Cambridge University Press), p. 157.

[208] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, p. 59.

[209] Amatus, p. 155 footnote 29.

[210] Amatus VI.12, p. 155.

[211] Amatus IV.27, p. 120.

[212] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[213] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 23.

[214] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[215] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 23 and 30.

[216] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[217] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, p. 30.

[218] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[219] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 23 and 28.

[220] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[221] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 28.

[222] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 35.

[223] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 28.

[224] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 35.

[225] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[226] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 23 and 29.

[227] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, X, p. 271.

[228] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 92.

[229] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[230] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 23 and 28.

[231] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, p. 18.

[232] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 35.

[233] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[234] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 72.

[235] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 28.

[236] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 73.

[237] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 28.

[238] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 28.

[239] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 28.

[240] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 72.

[241] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 155-7.

[242] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 293.

[243] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 139, p. 88.

[244] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 140, p. 91.

[245] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, pp. 195 and 225.

[246] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, p. 419.

[247] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 139, p. 88.

[248] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, p. 420.

[249] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 140, p. 91.

[250] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, p. 419.

[251] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, p. 420.

[252] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 157.

[253] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, p. 420.

[254] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, p. 420.

[255] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, p. 420.

[256] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, p. 420.

[257] Given-Wilson & Curteis (1988), p. 95.

[258] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, p. 420.

[259] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[260] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 23.

[261] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[262] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 23 and 29.

[263] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 35.

[264] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[265] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 23 and 30.

[266] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[267] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[268] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[269] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[270] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[271] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, pp. 23 and 30.

[272] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 202.

[273] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 74.

[274] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 75.

[275] Round (1899) 622, p. 218.

[276] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DXXX, p. 98.

[277] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DXXX, p. 98.

[278] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DXXX, p. 98.

[279] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[280] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 487.

[281] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[282] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 23 and 30.

[283] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 487.

[284] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[285] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[286] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, p. 18.

[287] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXII, p. 278.

[288] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 196.

[289] Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ (1648), p. 2.

[290] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, p. 15.

[291] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 31-4.

[292] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 68.

[293] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, pp. 81 and 84.

[294] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, pp. 88-9.

[295] Malaterra, II.19, p. 35.

[296] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 431.

[297] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, VI, pp. 175-6.

[298] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[299] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 31-4.

[300] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, III, pp. 53-4.

[301] ES III 697.

[302] Malaterra, II.23, p. 36.

[303] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[304] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 489.

[305] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[306] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, IV, p. 186.

[307] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, III, p. 280.

[308] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, III, p. 280.

[309] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, IV, p. 186.

[310] La Roque, Tome I, p. 789.

[311] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, p. 396.

[312] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, III, p. 286.

[313] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, III, p. 281.

[314] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, III, p. 286.

[315] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, III, p. 280.

[316] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, III, p. 283.

[317] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber III, V, p. 28.

[318] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, II, p. 270.

[319] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, I, pp. 259-60.

[320] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, III, p. 286.

[321] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, III, p. 281.

[322] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[323] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 91.

[324] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[325] CP III 164.

[326] Dugdale Monasticon II, Chester St Werburgh, I, p. 384.

[327] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, III, p. 283.

[328] ES III 697.

[329] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[330] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXII, p. 278.

[331] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 196.

[332] Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ (1648), p. 2.

[333] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, p. 18.

[334] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 31-4.

[335] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, p. 15.

[336] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 81.

[337] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, VI, p. 93.

[338] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XI, p. 121.

[339] Extrait de la Chronique de Normandie, RHGF XIII, p. 236.

[340] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XIV, p. 148.

[341] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, I, p. 167.

[342] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 222.

[343] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, IV, p. 186.

[344] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 37, p. 41.

[345] Domesday Translation, Hertfordshire, V, XXVI, pp. 374, 383, Gloucestershire, LXII, p. 468, Leicestershire, XIII, pp. 632-6.

[346] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 231-3.

[347] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 453.

[348] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 485.

[349] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 359.

[350] Domesday Translation, Hertfordshire, XLIII, p. 393, Bedfordshire, LIIII, p. 585.

[351] Chibnall, Vol. III, p. 237 footnote 12.

[352] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, pp. 454-5.

[353] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 359.

[354] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Lincoln Cathedral, IV, p. 1271.

[355] Calvados (Anisy), Vol. I, Saint-Etienne de Caen, 9, p. 271.

[356] Round (1899) 623, p. 218.

[357] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 455.

[358] ES III 697.

[359] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 360.

[360] Durham Liber Vitæ, folio 44, p. 60, and folio 47b, p. 68.

[361] La Roque (1662), Tome I, p. 302.

[362] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 455.

[363] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 360.

[364] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 359.

[365] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 455.

[366] Durham Liber Vitæ, folio 44, p. 60, and folio 47b, p. 68.

[367] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 410.

[368] CP VII 532, footnote h.

[369] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 359.

[370] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 455.

[371] ES III 697.

[372] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 167.

[373] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VII, pp. 16 and 32.

[374] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, p. 338 footnote 6, citing Jamison, E. M. 'Some notes on the Anonymi Gesta Francorum, with special reference to the Norman contingents from South Italy and Sicily in the First Crusade', Studies in French Language and Medieval Literature presented to Professor M. K. Pope (Manchester, 1939), pp. 199-200.

[375] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber IX, X, p. 545.

[376] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber IV, Cap. XXXVII, p. 414.

[377] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 455.

[378] ES III 697.

[379] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, VII, p. 308.

[380] Malaterra, IV.21, p. 99.

[381] Codice Diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 132, (extract in translation only).

[382] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 455.

[383] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, p. 338 footnote 6, citing Jamison, pp. 199-200.

[384] Codice diplomatico Verginiano, Vol. I, 132 (extract in translation only).

[385] ES III 697.

[386] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 327.

[387] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 455.

[388] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, p. 338 footnote 6, citing Jamison, pp. 199-200.

[389] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 359.

[390] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, I, pp. 259-60.

[391] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 455.

[392] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 359.

[393] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Monks Kirby Priory, Warwickshire, I, p. 996.

[394] Dugdale Monasticon IV, Lincoln Cathedral, IV, p. 1271.

[395] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber IX, IV, p. 484.

[396] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 456.

[397] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 360.

[398] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, XXVI, p. 418.

[399] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, XXVI, p. 418.

[400] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 359.

[401] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber IX, IV, p. 484.

[402] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber IX, X, p. 545.

[403] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, p. 456.

[404] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, pp. 454-5.

[405] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, pp. 359 and 361.

[406] Domesday Translation, Oxfordshire, LV, p. 441.

[407] Domesday Descendants, p. 528.

[408] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[409] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, pp. 359 and 360.

[410] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, pp. 359 and 362.

[411] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 359.

[412] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[413] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 437.

[414] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 167.

[415] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 437.

[416] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, pp. 359 and 361.

[417] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 489.

[418] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXVIII, pp. 454-5.

[419] CP VII 532, footnote g.

[420] Crouch (1986), p. 91, footnote 140, citing “Cartulaire de l’abbaye Notre-Dame-du-Bois de Saint-Evroult, ii, fol. 33v”. [information provided by Kim Derrick in a private email dated 18 Oct 2016]

[421] CP VII 532, footnote h.

[422] Robert de Torigny 1168, Vol. II, p. 8, cited in CP VII 532, footnote h.

[423] Notre-Dame de la Trappe, G.XX, p. 197.

[424] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 805.

[425] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Nuneaton, 322, p. 242.

[426] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 14.

[427] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 471.

[428] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 486.

[429] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 828.

[430] Calvados (Anisy), Vol. I, Saint-Jean-de-Falaise, 9, p. 324.

[431] Calvados (Anisy), Vol. I, Saint-Jean-de-Falaise, 9, p. 324.

[432] Calvados (Anisy), Vol. I, Saint-Jean-de-Falaise, 9, p. 324.

[433] Loyd (1951), p. 41.

[434] Tours Saint-Julien, 24, p. 34.

[435] Tours Saint-Julien (1912), 37, p. 50.

[436] Tours Saint-Julien (1912), 24, p. 34.

[437] Tours Saint-Julien (1912), 24, p. 34.

[438] Planché (1874), Vol. I, p. 88, and Vol. II, p. 286.

[439] Tours Saint-Julien (1912), 37, p. 50.

[440] Tours Saint-Julien (1912), 24, p. 34.

[441] Jumièges, Tome I, p. 43, cited in CP XI 682 footnote d.

[442] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[443] Sister of Gunnora, mistress of Richard I Duke of Normandy.

[444] Receuil des Histoires de France, Vol. XV, p. 167, cited in CP XI 683 footnote c.

[445] ES III 695.

[446] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[447] CP XI 683-4 footnote d.

[448] ES III 695.

[449] Robert de Torigny, Vol. VIII, c. 35, cited in CP XI 683 footnote d.

[450] CP XI 683.

[451] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[452] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[453] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[454] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[455] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[456] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[457] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IX, p. 106.

[458] ES III 637.

[459] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, VII, p. 220.

[460] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, Shropshire, II, p. 518.

[461] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 208.

[462] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 413.

[463] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 205.

[464] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, Shropshire, II, p. 518.

[465] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIV, p. 420.

[466] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, Shropshire, IV, p. 520.

[467] Eyton (1858), Vol. VII, p. 205.

[468] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 413.

[469] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, Shropshire, II, p. 519.

[470] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, Shropshire, II, p. 518.

[471] Dugdale Monasticon III, Shrewsbury Abbey, Shropshire, II, p. 519.

[472] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 149.

[473] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[474] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1116, MGH SS XXIII, p. 821.

[475] Round (1899) 465, p. 165.

[476] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, pp. 21-2.

[477] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 25, p. 28.

[478] Saint-Florent Saumur (Chartes normandes), 6, p. 670.

[479] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XI, p. 121.

[480] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, 39, p. 444.

[481] Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris, p. 22.

[482] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, IV, p. 177.

[483] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 410.

[484] Extrait de la Chronique de Normandie, RHGF XIII, p. 240.

[485] CP XI Appendix K, p. 155.

[486] Marmoutier-Perche, 1, p. 4.

[487] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIV, p. 420.

[488] Florence of Worcester, 1089, pp. 188-9.

[489] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXII, p. 278.

[490] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIV, p. 422, and Vol. II, Liber VIII, XXV, p. 425.

[491] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, X, p. 271.

[492] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[493] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, III, pp. 46-7, translation from Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, p. 49.

[494] Marmoutier-Perche, 1, p. 4.

[495] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 137.

[496] Round (1899) 465, p. 165.

[497] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[498] CP XI 687 footnote d, quoting Motey, H. R. du (1923) La champion de la Normandie: Robert II de Bellême, p. 16 (not yet consulted).

[499] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[500] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[501] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, III, p. 47.

[502] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 30, p. 33.

[503] CP XI 690.

[504] Marmoutier-Perche, 1, p. 4.

[505] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, X, p. 380.

[506] Round (1899) 465, p. 165.

[507] CP XI 690.

[508] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, X, p. 322.

[509] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XVI, p. 358.

[510] Marmoutier-Perche, 13, p. 23.

[511] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIV, p. 422.

[512] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, p. 32, cited in CP XI 692.

[513] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 49.

[514] Annales de Margan, p. 7.

[515] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 55.

[516] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 165.

[517] CP XI 693-4.

[518] Annales de Margan, p. 10.

[519] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Dorsetshire, Wiltshire, p. 12.

[520] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 149.

[521] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[522] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[523] Annales Cambriæ, p. 26.

[524] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 411.

[525] Round (1899) 465, p. 165.

[526] Marmoutier-Perche, 13, p. 23.

[527] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIV, p. 422.

[528] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, pp. 41 and 42.

[529] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, E, 1097.

[530] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 149.

[531] Round (1899) 666, p. 237.

[532] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[533] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[534] Round (1899) 465, p. 165.

[535] Marmoutier-Perche, 13, p. 23.

[536] Roper (1892), Vol. I, p. 8.

[537] CP XI 687 footnote d.

[538] Chronicon sancti Maxentii Pictavensis, Chroniques des Eglises d'Anjou, p. 410.

[539] Charroux, XV, p. 112.

[540] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[541] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[542] Round (1899) 465, p. 165.

[543] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, p. 39.

[544] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXV, p. 426.

[545] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 37.

[546] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[547] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[548] Round (1899) 465, p. 165.

[549] Marmoutier-Perche, 13, p. 23.

[550] Round (1899) 666, p. 237.

[551] Annales de Margan, p. 7.

[552] CP XI 687 footnote d.

[553] ES III 640.

[554] Assé-le-Riboul, VII, p. 9.

[555] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p, 31.

[556] Seán Mac Airt (ed.) (1951) The Annals of Inisfallen (Dublin), 1102.6, p. 259, Corpus of Electonic Texts, University College, Cork, Ireland, available at <http://www.ucc.ie/celt/>.

[557] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[558] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[559] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 37.

[560] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[561] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[562] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[563] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[564] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, XIX, p. 296.

[565] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1116, MGH SS XXIII, p. 821.

[566] Merlet ‘Châteauneuf-en-Thimerais’ (1865), p. 342-3, citing “Inventaire de l’abbaye de Coulombs, p. 202”.

[567] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XIII, p. 274.

[568] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[569] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, IX, p. 318.

[570] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 60.

[571] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Temple London, XXV, p. 834.

[572] Rotuli Chartarum, 1 John (1837), p. 16.

[573] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 412.

[574] CP XI 688 footnote d (continuation from p. 687).

[575] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, pp. 435-6.

[576] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[577] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[578] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[579] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[580] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 437.

[581] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[582] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[583] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[584] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[585] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[586] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. V, Liber XIII, XXVI, p. 68.

[587] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, pp. 436-7.

[588] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XVII, p. 436.

[589] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXIII, p. 145.

[590] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXIII, p. 145.

[591] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXIII, p. 145.

[592] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXIII, p. 145.

[593] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXIII, p. 145.

[594] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXIII, p. 145.

[595] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXIII, p. 145.

[596] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXIII, p. 145.

[597] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXIII, p. 145.

[598] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXIII, p. 145.

[599] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 408.

[600] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome II, XLI, p. 548.

[601] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 409.

[602] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, X, p. 380.

[603] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome II, XLI, p. 548.

[604] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 407.

[605] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 409.

[606] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 408.

[607] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome II, XLI, p. 548.

[608] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 409.

[609] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 408.

[610] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome II, XLI, p. 548.

[611] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 408.

[612] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome II, XLI, p. 548.

[613] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 409.

[614] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 410.

[615] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 410.

[616] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 409.

[617] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 410.

[618] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber V, XII, p. 353.

[619] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 410.

[620] Monks Horton, IV, p. 271.

[621] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 409.

[622] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, p. 326, footnote (1).

[623] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[624] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XI, p. 272.

[625] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 23.

[626] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 23.

[627] Amatus V.8, p. 152, footnote 21 specifying that this refers to Guillaume de Pont-Echanfrey.

[628] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 23.

[629] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. V, Appendix VI, Rotulus primus monasterii Sancti Ebrulfi, XLVII, p. 194.

[630] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XI, XII, p. 213.

[631] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XI, XXIV, p. 239.

[632] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XI, XXIV, p. 242.

[633] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, XIII, p. 344.

[634] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, XXVI, p. 417.

[635] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XI, XXIV, p. 242.

[636] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. V, Appendix VI, Rotulus primus monasterii Sancti Ebrulfi, XLVII, p. 194.

[637] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XI, XII, p. 213.

[638] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XI, XXIV, p. 239.

[639] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XI, XXIV, p. 242.

[640] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Surrey, p. 51.

[641] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Norfolk, p. 93.

[642] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Norfolk, p. 93.

[643] Le Prévost ‘Anciennes divisions territoriales de la Normandie’ (1837-39), p. 1.

[644] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber IV, XVIII, p. 247.

[645] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1026, MGH SS XXIII, p. 783.

[646] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 167.

[647] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 965, p. 25.

[648] Robert de Torigny, Book VIII c. 36.

[649] Jumièges, Tome I, VII, p. 16.

[650] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VI, III, p. 258.

[651] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1037, p. 40.

[652] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 85.

[653] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 121.

[654] Chibnall, Vol. III, p. 121 footnote 4.

[655] Taglia, Kathryn A. '"On Account of Scandal…": Priests, their children and the ecclesiastical demand for celibacy', Florilegium 14, 1995-96.

[656] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 149.

[657] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, p. 141.

[658] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 17, p. 59.

[659] Jumièges, Tome I, XIX, p. 60.

[660] Neustria Pia, p. 592.

[661] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XXIII, p. 433.

[662] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XI, p. 121.

[663] William of Poitiers, II, c. 22.

[664] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[665] Houts (2000), p. 214, quoting (in translation) Liber Miraculorum sancte Fidis, ed. A. Bouillet (Paris, 1897), pp. 144-5.

[666] Gallia Christiana, XI, Instrumenta, V, col. 128.

[667] Neustria Pia, p. 592.

[668] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 149, and Book XII, p. 189.

[669] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[670] Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris, p. 22.

[671] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XIV, p. 148.

[672] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VII, p. 51.

[673] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, X, p. 321.

[674] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XIV, p. 348.

[675] Henry of Huntingdon, II, 28, p. 53, and Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 181.

[676] Actes Henri II, Tome I, XXVIII, p. 123.

[677] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 149.

[678] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 486.

[679] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 462.

[680] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 149, which gives not date but specifies that Helvise died shortly before her husband.

[681] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, pp. 147-9.

[682] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XIV, p. 345.

[683] Round (1899) 478, p. 169.

[684] Actes Henri II, Tome I, XXVIII, p. 123.

[685] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, pp. 403-4.

[686] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 167, and Book XII, p. 189.

[687] Neustria Pia, p. 592.

[688] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, p. 119.

[689] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, X, p. 321.

[690] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, II, p. 268.

[691] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[692] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 965, p. 25.

[693] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, VI, p. 270.

[694] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[695] Gurney (1845), p. 52, quoting Achery, L. d’ Lanfranci Opera, fo. 1648, Appendix, Chronicon Beccense, p. 5.

[696] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, VIII, p. 104.

[697] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[698] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, pp. 30 and 31.

[699] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[700] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, pp. 23 and 30.

[701] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 487.

[702] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[703] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 91.

[704] Malaterra, II.19, p. 35.

[705] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 91.

[706] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, p. 30.

[707] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 189.

[708] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 149.

[709] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 189.

[710] CP VII Appendix D, p. 713.

[711] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Saint-Père-enVallée, p. 187.

[712] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 224.

[713] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 47.

[714] ES III 700.

[715] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 189.

[716] Gisleberti Chronicon Hanoniense, MGH SS XXI, p. 505.

[717] Ex Chronico Mauriniacensi, II, RHGF XII, p. 77.

[718] Duchesne (1631) Dreux, Dreux, p. 14.

[719] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 47.

[720] Ex Chronico Mauriniacensi, RHGF XII, p. 72.

[721] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[722] Paris Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Tome I, LXXXIX, p. 137.

[723] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1140, p. 218.

[724] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1140, p. 218.

[725] CP VII Appendix D, p. 715.

[726] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 103.

[727] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 224.

[728] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 461.

[729] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[730] Copy of charter sent to the author by Thierry Le Hête by email dated 26 Mar 2013.

[731] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 103.

[732] Annales Cestrienses, p. 28.

[733] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 461.

[734] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[735] Anonymi Continuatio appendicis Roberti de Monte ad Sigebertum, RHGF XVIII, p. 336.

[736] Dugdale Monasticon II, Tewkesbury Monastery, Gloucestershire I, Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione Ecclesiæ Theokusburiæ, p. 61.

[737] Benedict of Peterborough, Vol. I 1176, p. 124.

[738] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 22.

[739] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 124.

[740] Annales de Theokesberia, p. 56.

[741] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[742] Chartes Vendômoises, CXXXI, p. 163.

[743] Mabille ‘Collection Dom Housseau’ (1864), Tome XIV, 2095, p. 222.

[744] Mabille ‘Collection Dom Housseau’ (1864), Tome XIV, 2105, p. 224, citing ‘Archiv. de l’abbaye de Liget’.

[745] Mabille ‘Collection Dom Housseau’ (1864), Tome XIV, 2155, p. 232, citing ‘Cartul. de l’abbaye de Fontaines, fo. 226’.

[746] Mabille ‘Collection Dom Housseau’ (1864), Tome XIV, 2174, p. 237, citing ‘Cartul. de Fontaines, fo. 24 r’.

[747] Gurney (1845), p. 146, quoting Vitis Calthorpiana, Harl. 970, MS British Museum.

[748] Patent Rolls Henry III 1215-1225 (1901), p. 37.

[749] Rotuli Litteratum Clausarum, Vol. I (1833), p. 300.

[750] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 103.

[751] Annales Cestrienses, p. 24.

[752] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 22.

[753] Barraclough (1988), 206, p. 208.

[754] Rotuli Dominabus, Rotuli I, Lincolnscir, Jerene Wapentak, p. 8.

[755] Barraclough (1988), 193, p. 198.

[756] Annales de Burton, p. 244.

[757] Annales Cestrienses, p. 54.

[758] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1166, p. 359.

[759] Chronicon Valassense, p. 49.

[760] Notre-Dame de la Trappe R.I, p. 442.

[761] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 104.

[762] Gallia Christiana, IV, col. 265.

[763] Savigny, Notice Historique, p. xciv, footnote 2.

[764] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 104.

[765] Neustria Pia, p. 663.

[766] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 103.

[767] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[768] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 224.

[769] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1194, MGH SS XXIII, p. 870.

[770] Dugdale Monasticon VI, St Mary, Leicester Abbey, XVI, Historia Fundationis, p. 466.

[771] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, LV, p. 72.

[772] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[773] Obituaires de Sens Tome IV, Prieuré de Fontaines, p. 194.

[774] CP VII 538-9.

[775] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire du xii siècle, p. 92.

[776] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 224.

[777] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1194, MGH SS XXIII, p. 870.

[778] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[779] William of Tyre Continuator, XXVIII.IV, p. 255.

[780] Epernon Saint-Thomas, VI, p. 13.

[781] CP VII 538 footnote d.

[782] Villehardouin (1963), 6, p. 54.

[783] Thomas Archdeacon of Split, 24, p. 147.

[784] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LXIV, p. 582.

[785] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LXXVII, p. 593.

[786] CP VII 539 footnote e.

[787] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LXXXII, p. 598.

[788] CP VII 540.

[789] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, Chronicon Sancti Saturnini Tolosæ, col. 51.

[790] Annales Sancti Victoris Massilienses 1218, MGH SS XXIII, p. 4.

[791] Nécrologe du Mans, p. 143.

[792] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 224.

[793] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1168, MGH SS XXIII, p. 852.

[794] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[795] Notre-Dame de la Trappe IV, p. 4.

[796] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Port-Royal.

[797] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 224.

[798] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[799] Notre-Dame de la Trappe IV, p. 4.

[800] Petri Monachi Cœnobii Vallium Cernaii Historia Albigensium, LXII, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 213, col. 0631C.

[801] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LXXVII, p. 593.

[802] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CX, p. 621.

[803] Notre-Dame de la Roche, VII, p. 10.

[804] CP VII 541-2.

[805] William of Tyre Continuator XXXIII.XLIV, pp. 413 and 415.

[806] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 224.

[807] RHGF XXIII, Ex Chronico Monasterii sancti Taurini Ebroicensis, p. 466.

[808] Petri Monachi Cœnobii Vallium Cernaii Historia Albigensium, LXXV, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 213, col. 0679B.

[809] De Allobrogibus, VIII, p. 429.

[810] Bibliotheca Sebusiana, Centuria I, XXXI, p. 73.

[811] Notre-Dame de la Roche, VII, p. 10.

[812] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Port-Royal, p. 643.

[813] Notre-Dame de la Roche 8, p. 12.

[814] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 225.

[815] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Joyenval, p. 301.

[816] Mabille ‘Collection Dom Housseau’ (1864), Tome XIV, 2996, p. 366, citing ‘Archiv. de l’abbaye de Boulieu’.

[817] Ménage (1683), Tome I, p. 210.

[818] Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales antérieures à 1790, Sarthe 4(1) (1883), p. 168, information provided in a private email to the author dated 29 Feb 2012 by Douglas Richardson, to whom I am grateful for pointing out the correct order of the marriages of Jean de Brienne dit d’Acre.

[819] Natalis de Wailly (1868), XXX, p. 50.

[820] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Joyenval, p. 301.

[821] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 225.

[822] Ménage (1683), Tome I, p. 210.

[823] Duchesne (1631) Dreux, Dreux, Preuves, p. 278.

[824] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Port-Royal.

[825] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Joyenval, p. 289.

[826] Balduinus de Avennis Genealogia, MGH SS XXV, pp. 436-7.

[827] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, Part 2, DLXXII, p. 531.

[828] Regnault (1633), Preuves, fol. 21v.

[829] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, Part 2, DLXXVIII, p. 538.

[830] Epernon Saint-Thomas LVIII, p. 60.

[831] Epernon Saint-Thomas LXII, p. 68.

[832] Ourscamp Notre-Dame, CCLXXV, p. 165.

[833] Père Anselme, Tome VI, p. 48.

[834] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Port-Royal, p. 644.

[835] Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay, Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d’Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[836] Notre-Dame de la Trappe IV, p. 4.

[837] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 128.

[838] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Port-Royal.

[839] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 224.

[840] Notre-Dame de la Roche, VII, p. 10.

[841] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. XXVI, p. 129.

[842] Merlet ‘Procès pour la possession du comté de Bigorre (1254-1503)’ (1857), p. 307.

[843] Petri Monachi Cœnobii Vallium Cernaii Historia Albigensium, XXXIV, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 213, col. 0582B.

[844] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1237, MGH SS XXIII, p. 941.

[845] Yonne (suite), 369, p. 166.

[846] Histoire d’Auxerre, Tome IV, 173, p. 101.

[847] Darsy (1860), p. 35, citing Cartulaire du Gard, t. I, p. 104 (not yet consulted).

[848] Guillaume de Nangis, p. 148.

[849] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1194, MGH SS XXIII, p. 870.

[850] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Joyenval, p. 285.

[851] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 81.

[852] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 88.

[853] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 82, no source citation.

[854] CP IV 191 footnote c.

[855] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 69, 199.

[856] Regestrum Visitationum (1852), p. 594.

[857] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 82, no source citation.

[858] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1029.

[859] Blanchard (1670), p. 198.

[860] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 82, citing Trésor des Chartes, registre 59, no. 59 [not checked].

[861] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 82, quoting Assiette du comté de Beaumont, en 1320, fol. 49.

[862] La Roque (1662), Tome I, p. 329.

[863] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1028.

[864] Blanchard (1670), p. 198.

[865] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1028.

[866] Blanchard (1670), p. 198.

[867] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1028.

[868] Blanchard (1670), p. 198.

[869] Blanchard (1670), p. 198.

[870] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 8.

[871] La Roque (1664), Tome II, p. 1694.

[872] Charpillon (1868), Eure, Tome I, p. 937, no source citation.

[873] Blanchard (1670), p. 198.

[874] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[875] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1028.

[876] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 365.

[877] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[878] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1694.

[879] Polonovski ‘Noble lignée Hambie-Painel’ (Oct-Dec 1994), no. 10, 11, pp. 257-8.

[880] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1027.

[881] Blanchard (1670), p. 198.

[882] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9, citing La Chesnaye des Bois, Tome VI, p. 354.

[883] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 356.

[884] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 356.

[885] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 357.

[886] Polonovski ‘Noble lignée Hambie-Painel’ (Oct-Dec 1994), no. 10, 11, pp. 257-8.

[887] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[888] Polonovski ‘Noble lignée Hambie-Painel’ (Oct-Dec 1994), no. 10, 11, pp. 257-8.

[889] Polonovski ‘Noble lignée Hambie-Painel’ (Oct-Dec 1994), no. 10, 11, pp. 257-8.

[890] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[891] Blanchard (1670), p. 199.

[892] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[893] Le Métayer-Masselin (1861), pp. 25, 28, 59.

[894] Le Métayer-Masselin (1861), p. 30.

[895] Blanchard (1670), pp. 197, 199.

[896] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[897] Blanchard (1670), p. 199.

[898] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[899] Blanchard (1670), pp. 197, 199.

[900] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 82.

[901] Blanchard (1670), p. 199.

[902] Blanchard (1670), p. 199.

[903] Chartrier de Pons (1892), CCXII, p. 385.

[904] Blanchard (1670), p. 199.

[905] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 82, quoting Assiette du comté de Beaumont, en 1320, fol. 49.

[906] Blanchard (1670), p. 200.

[907] Blanchard (1670), p. 200.

[908] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[909] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[910] Blanchard (1670), p. 200.

[911] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[912] Blanchard (1670), p. 200.

[913] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, pp. 9-10.

[914] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 10.

[915] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 10.

[916] Blanchard (1670), p. 200.

[917] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[918] Blanchard (1670), p. 199, and Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9.

[919] La Roque (1662), Tomes III, IV, Preuves.

[920] ES X 123-4.

[921] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[922] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Fécamp, II, p. 1083.

[923] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 125.

[924] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 339.

[925] La Roque (1662), Tome I, p. 302.

[926] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 231.

[927] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 125 (no source citation).

[928] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Fécamp, II, p. 1083.

[929] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 815.

[930] Crouch (1986), Table II, p. 220, and footnote 2, citing “Ctl. Preaux, fol. 102v”. [information provided by Kim Derrick in a private email dated 18 Oct 2016]

[931] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Leicestershire, p. 88.

[932] Actes Henri II, Tome I, LXXXIV, p. 89.

[933] Kennett (1818), p. 154, footnote.

[934] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 815.

[935] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 813.

[936] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Leicestershire, p. 88.

[937] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Leicestershire, p. 87.

[938] Round ‘A Great Marriage Settlement’ (Oct 1904), p. 153.

[939] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 815.

[940] Nichols (1804), Vol. III, Part II, Garendon Chartulary, p. 813.

[941] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Certificationes factæ de feodis militum, p. 304.

[942] Actes Henri II, Tome I, LXXXIV, p. 89.

[943] Bayeux (Livre noir), Tome I, XXXIII, p. 39.

[944] Bayeux (Livre noir), Tome I, XXXIII, p. 39.

[945] Dugdale Monasticon III, York St Mary, V, p. 548.

[946] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Infeudationes militum…duci Normanniæ…1172, p. 641.

[947] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DXXXII, p. 104.

[948] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 176 (no precise citation reference).

[949] La Roque (1662), Tome I, Table généalogique du Livre I (second chart), following Preface p. 60, and pp. 74, 310.

[950] La Roque (1662), Tome I, p. 311.

[951] I am grateful to Bert M. Kamp for his insights into the question of this alleged [Jeanne] de Meulan/Robert [II] d’Harcourt marriage.

[952] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. ccix.

[953] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cxcix, cxcix, cci.

[954] Rotuli Litterarum Patentium, 4 John, p. 27.

[955] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cci.

[956] Ex historia cœnobii Mortui-Maris, RHGF XIV, p. 514.

[957] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, pp. ccviii-ccix.

[958] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 176 (no precise citation reference).

[959] Rotuli Chartarum, 5 John, p. 104.

[960] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cciv.

[961] Delisle (1867) Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte, p. 39.

[962] Delisle (1864) Jugements, p. 35, footnote 1.

[963] Delisle (1864) Jugements, 212, p. 55, 298, 299, p. 75, 727, p. 165.

[964] Fontenay le Marmion, Introduction, p. xxx footnote 3, quoting Archives nationales, X ^ic 43.

[965] Delisle (1867), pp. 44-94.

[966] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 201.

[967] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 198.

[968] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. ccviii.

[969] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 202.

[970] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 198.

[971] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 202.

[972] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 202.

[973] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 128.

[974] Histoire d’Auxerre, Tome IV, 212, p. 122.

[975] Yonne (suite), 1137, p. 431.

[976] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 202.

[977] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 202.

[978] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 128.

[979] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 128.

[980] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 128.

[981] Père Anselme, Tome III, p. 59.

[982] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Maubuisson, p. 656.

[983] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 128.

[984] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 128.

[985] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 202.

[986] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Cathédrale de Paris, Obituaire du XIII siècle, p. 209.

[987] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 202.

[988] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 202.

[989] La Roque (1662), Tome I, p. 329.

[990] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1028.

[991] Blanchard (1670), p. 198.

[992] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 198.

[993] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1241.

[994] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 198.

[995] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 158, no precise citation reference.

[996] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1242.

[997] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 158, Tome VIII, p. 606.

[998] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1242.

[999] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 158, Tome VI, p. 677.

[1000] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1242.

[1001] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1242.

[1002] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 158, and Tome II, p. 410.

[1003] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1242.

[1004] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[1005] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Au temps de Jean II le Bon, du dauphin Charles et des réformateurs’, p. 18, consulted at <http://www.meulan-patronyme.fr/textes/Jean%20II%20le%20Bon.pdf> (15 Mar 2020).

[1006] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 198.

[1007] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 176 (no precise citation reference).

[1008] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. ccv.

[1009] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cciv.

[1010] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. ccv.

[1011] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. ccvi.

[1012] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. ccvi.

[1013] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 176 (no precise citation reference).

[1014] Olim, Tome II, p. 142, III, and Boutaric (1863), Tome I, 2225, p. 214.

[1015] Boutaric (1867), Tome II, 3461, p. 45.

[1016] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 478.

[1017] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 202.

[1018] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 215.

[1019] Perseigne, XXVI, p. 70.

[1020] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 226.

[1021] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Cathédrale de Paris, Obituaire du XIII siècle, p. 209.

[1022] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 209.

[1023] Saint-Maixent, Vol. II, CCCCLXXII, p. 114.

[1024] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 210.

[1025] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 215.

[1026] Calvados (Anisy), Vol. I, Saint-André en Gouffern, 1031, p. 471.

[1027] Perseigne, XXVI, p. 70.

[1028] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 56, p. 40.

[1029] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 238.

[1030] Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series, [eerste deel], Part 1, 6, p. 4.

[1031] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 56, p. 40.

[1032] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band III, 253, p. 205.

[1033] Gushee ‘Johannes de Muris’, p. 19, quoting Vidal, J. (ed.) (1903-11) Benoît XII (1334-42): Lettres comunes (3 vols. Paris), no. 6135. [information supplied by Giuliano di Bacco]

[1034] Gushee ‘Johannes de Muris’, p. 19, citing Châteauroux, Archives de l’Indre, G 161. [information supplied by Giuliano di Bacco]

[1035] Desplanque ‘Mézières en Brenne et la famille Turquet de Mayerne’ (Nov 1864), p. 215. [information supplied by Giuliano di Bacco]

[1036] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 250.

[1037] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 130.

[1038] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 250.

[1039] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 250.

[1040] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 250.

[1041] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), p. 38.

[1042] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 131.

[1043] Morandière (1903), p. 146.

[1044] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 131.

[1045] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 250.

[1046] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 131.

[1047] Duchesne (1631) Dreux, Dreux, Preuves, p. 304.

[1048] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 131.

[1049] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 356.

[1050] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 356.

[1051] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 356.

[1052] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 357.

[1053] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 357.

[1054] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 359.

[1055] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 131, Tome VIII, p. 97.

[1056] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 356.

[1057] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 9, citing La Chesnaye des Bois, Tome VI, p. 354.

[1058] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 356.

[1059] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 356.

[1060] Duchesne (1624), Preuves, p. 357.

[1061] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 250.

[1062] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 250.

[1063] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 129, Tome VIII, p. 94. .

[1064] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 131.

[1065] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 130.

[1066] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), p. 38.

[1067] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 130.

[1068] La Roque (1662), Tome I, p. 356.

[1069] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 130.

[1070] Archives nationales de France, X 1ª 20, f^o. 83-85. Text sent by Jean Bunot by email 13 Jan 2024.

[1071] Duchesne (Bourgogne) (1628), Histoire des comtes de Valentinois, p. 46 (592/796 in the Google Books download).

[1072] La Roque (1662), Tome I, p. 356.

[1073] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 130.

[1074] Père Anselme (1674), Tome 2, p. 292.

[1075] La Roque (1662), Tome I, p. 356.

[1076] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 130.

[1077] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 238.

[1078] La Roque (1662), Tome I, p. 356.

[1079] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 130.

[1080] Dom Villevieille (Passier), Tome III, p. 325.

[1081] Dom Villevieille (Passier), Tome III, p. 326.

[1082] Duchesne (1621) Châtillon, Preuves, p. 137.

[1083] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 250.

[1084] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), p. 38.

[1085] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 269.

[1086] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 269.

[1087] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 283.

[1088] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1089] Robillard de Beaurepaire, C. de (1870) Chronique normande de Pierre Cochon (Rouen), Chap. XII, p. 183.

[1090] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1091] López de Ayala (1779), Tome I, Crónica del rey don Pedro, Año Secundo, Cap. XV, p. 53.

[1092] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), p. 249.

[1093] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1094] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1095] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 132.

[1096] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1097] Moranville (1902), pp. 10, 19.

[1098] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1099] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1100] Père Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.

[1101] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 134.

[1102] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1103] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XVII, p. 277.

[1104] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Chap. 213, p. 198.

[1105] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 134.

[1106] Delisle & Passy (1869), Tome III, p. 2.

[1107] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 135.

[1108] Delisle & Passy (1869), Tome III, p. 2.

[1109] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 135.

[1110] La Roque (1662), Tome III, pp. 268-9.

[1111] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 134.

[1112] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1113] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 134.

[1114] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 134.

[1115] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 134.

[1116] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 134.

[1117] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 134.

[1118] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 134.

[1119] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1120] Huillard-Bréholles (1874), Tome II, 3979, p. 69.

[1121] Huillard-Bréholles (1874), Tome II, 4868, p. 183.

[1122] Huillard-Bréholles (1874), Tome II, 5072, p. 208.

[1123] Huillard-Bréholles (1874), Tome II, 5024, p. 203.

[1124] Huillard-Bréholles (1874), Tome II, 5673, p. 279.

[1125] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1126] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1127] Namur (Borgnet & Bormans), 143, p. 322.

[1128] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1129] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1130] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 133.

[1131] Morandière (1903), p. 202.

[1132] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1133] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XIII, p. 210.

[1134] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1135] Robillard de Beaurepaire (1870), Chap. XII, p. 183.

[1136] Gallia Christiana, Tome XI, col. 86.

[1137] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 133.

[1138] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 133.

[1139] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1140] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 135.

[1141] Butkens (1724), Vol. II, p. 118.

[1142] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 343.

[1143] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 343.

[1144] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 343.

[1145] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 136.

[1146] Duchesne (1631), Guines, p. 394.

[1147] Vallet de Viriville (1859), Chap. 29, p. 254.

[1148] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 137.

[1149] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 137.

[1150] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 137.

[1151] Jarry, L. (1890) Jean bâtard d’Orléans - Testaments, inventaire et compte des obsèques (Orléans), p. 47.

[1152] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 138.

[1153] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 138.

[1154] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 138.

[1155] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 138.

[1156] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 343.

[1157] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 343.

[1158] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 343.

[1159] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 343.

[1160] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 343.

[1161] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 343.

[1162] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1163] Caix ‘Ecouché’ (1859), Appendice, 4, p. 623.

[1164] Caix ‘Ecouché’ (1859), Appendice, 4, pp. 623-4.

[1165] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 139.

[1166] Caix ‘Ecouché’ (1859), Appendice, 4, p. 623.

[1167] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 139.

[1168] Père Anselme, Tome V, pp. 139-56.

[1169] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1170] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1171] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1172] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1173] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 268.

[1174] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 132.

[1175] Duchesne (1631), Guines, Preuves, p. 443.

[1176] Duchesne (1631), Guines, Preuves, p. 443.

[1177] Duchesne (1631), Guines, Preuves, p. 444.

[1178] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 198.

[1179] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1247.

[1180] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 159.

[1181] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 198.

[1182] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1248.

[1183] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 159.

[1184] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1253.

[1185] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 159.

[1186] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1253.

[1187] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1188] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, pp. 1256-7.

[1189] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1190] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1813.

[1191] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1192] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1193] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1194] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1255.

[1195] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1196] Thomas (1889), p. 73.

[1197] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1826.

[1198] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1199] ES XIV 119.

[1200] Duchesne (1624), p. 535, citing Monstrelet “Vol. 2” and “Mejer au liv 15 de ses Annales de Flandres”.

[1201] Père Anselme, Tome III, p. 623, and Tome V, p. 160.

[1202] La Roque (1662), Tome II, pp. 1648-9.

[1203] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1256.

[1204] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, pp. 1256-7.

[1205] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1257.

[1206] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1828.

[1207] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1208] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1209] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1260.

[1210] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1211] Thomas (1889), p. 73.

[1212] Thomas (1889), p. 23.

[1213] Thomas (1889), p. 24, quoting “Advertissements touchans la terre de Rony-lez-Mante, t. CLXXIV - Archives nationales”.

[1214] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 159.

[1215] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1849.

[1216] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1849, no source citation.

[1217] La Roque (1662), Tome II, pp. 1849, 1852.

[1218] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1261.

[1219] La Roque (1662), Tome II, pp. 1852, 1861.

[1220] Chantilly Archives, p. 351.

[1221] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1855, Tome IV, p. 1265.

[1222] Chantilly Archives, p. 351.

[1223] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1857.

[1224] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1265.

[1225] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1266.

[1226] La Roque (1662), Tome II, pp. 1855, 1861, 1864.

[1227] La Roque (1662), Tome II, pp. 1855, 1872.

[1228] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1266.

[1229] La Roque (1662), Tome II, pp. 1849, 1874.

[1230] La Roque (1662), Tome II, pp. 1849, 1874-5.

[1231] Chantilly Archives, p. 351.

[1232] La Roque (1662), Tome II, pp. 1849, 1877-8.

[1233] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1880, and Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 159.

[1234] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1884, and Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 159.

[1235] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 74.

[1236] Extrait de la Chronique de Normandie, RHGF XIII, p. 237.

[1237] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XIV, p. 150.

[1238] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 202.

[1239] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 74.

[1240] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 75.

[1241] Round (1899) 622, p. 218.

[1242] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 19, p. 62.

[1243] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 74.

[1244] Round (1899) 622, p. 218.

[1245] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 197.

[1246] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 197.

[1247] Chartres Saint-Père, II, Liber Quartus, 27, p. 534.

[1248] Round (1899) 622, p. 218.

[1249] Chartres Saint-Père, II, Liber Quartus, 27, p. 534.

[1250] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 197.

[1251] Domesday Translation, Surrey, XXIIII, p. 85.

[1252] Calvados (Anisy), Vol. I, Saint-Etienne de Caen, 9, p. 271.

[1253] Chartres Saint-Père, II, Liber Quartus, 27, p. 534.

[1254] Bath St Peter 43, p. 46.

[1255] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, V, p. 302.

[1256] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 197.

[1257] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XII, p. 335.

[1258] Tiron Sainte-Trinité, XXII, p. 39.

[1259] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 14, MGH SS XIII, pp. 254-5.

[1260] Chartres Saint-Père, II, Liber Quartus, 27, p. 534.

[1261] Nogent-le-Rotrou, XXVII, p. 86.

[1262] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 198.

[1263] Tiron Sainte-Trinité XXII, p. 39.

[1264] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 197.

[1265] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 198.

[1266] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 198.

[1267] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 198.

[1268] Nogent-le-Rotrou XXVII, p. 86.

[1269] Pamplona, 187, p. 173.

[1270] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 197.

[1271] CP IX 369 footnote c.

[1272] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, pp. 197-8.

[1273] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 283.

[1274] Staffordshire Collections (1880), Vol. I, pp. 12-13.

[1275] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Dorsetshire, p. 16, Staffordshire, p. 76.

[1276] CP IX 367-8, and Domesday Descendants, p. 269.

[1277] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 283.

[1278] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 197.

[1279] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 201.

[1280] Round (1899) 622, p. 218.

[1281] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 198.

[1282] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XII, pp. 333-5.

[1283] Round (1899) 622, p. 218.

[1284] Tiron Sainte-Trinité XXII, p. 39.

[1285] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 197.

[1286] Notre-Dame de la Trappe C.I, p. 112.

[1287] Actes Henri II, Tome I, XIV, p. 18.

[1288] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Infeudationes militum…duci Normanniæ…1172, p. 629.

[1289] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 60.

[1290] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 60.

[1291] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Beigham Abbey, Sussex VII, p. 912.

[1292] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Beigham Abbey, Sussex VII, p. 912.

[1293] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno secundo regis Ricardi…scutagium Walliæ assisum, p. 72.

[1294] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Anno VI regis Ricardi, ad redemptionem eius, scutagium ad XXs, p. 91.

[1295] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 65.

[1296] Notre-Dame de la Trappe C.II, p. 113.

[1297] Vincent (2013), Appendix of Charters, 58, p. 174.

[1298] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 533.

[1299] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 65.

[1300] Vincent (2013), Appendix of Charters, 58, p. 174.

[1301] Vincent (2013), Appendix of Charters, 58, p. 174.

[1302] Dugdale Monasticon V, Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire VI, Historia Laceiorum, p. 534.

[1303] Matthew Paris, Vol. IV, 1240, p. 34.

[1304] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Beigham Abbey, Sussex VII, p. 912.

[1305] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Beigham Abbey, Sussex VII, p. 912.

[1306] Angers Saint-Aubin, Tome II, DCCCXXXIII, p. 307.

[1307] Angers Saint-Aubin, Tome II, DCCCXLV, p. 315.

[1308] Notre-Dame de la Trappe M.XVI, p. 327.

[1309] Geslin de Bourgogne (1864) Tome IV, Nécrologe de Beauport, p. 223.

[1310] Angot ‘Les Vicomtes du Maine’ (1914), p. 204.

[1311] ES XIII 129 B.

[1312] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 63.

[1313] Red Book Exchequer, Part I, Knights fees, p. 47.

[1314] Round (1899) 335, p. 114.

[1315] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick IV, p. 1326.

[1316] Round, J. H. ‘A Great Marriage Settlement’, Barron, O. (ed.) (Oct 1904) The Ancestor, Vol. XI (London), p. 153.

[1317] Darlington, R. R. The Cartulary of Worcester Cathedral Priory (Register I) Pipe Roll Society, ns 38 (London, 1962-63), n^o. 9, cited in Domesday Descendants, p. 244.

[1318] Domesday Descendants, p. 614.

[1319] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 255.

[1320] Domesday Descendants, p. 614.

[1321] Domesday Descendants, p. 614.

[1322] Domesday Descendants, p. 614.

[1323] Rotuli Curiæ Regis (1835), Vol. II, Johannis I, III, p. 156.

[1324] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 262-3.

[1325] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXV, p. 428.

[1326] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, I, V, pp. 315, 327.

[1327] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. IV, Liber XII, XII, p. 394.

[1328] Bayeux (Livre noir), Tome I, XLIII, p. 51.

[1329] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick III, p. 1326.

[1330] Round ‘A Great Marriage Settlement’ (1904), p. 153.

[1331] CP XII/2 360 footnote g.

[1332] Chronique de Robert de Torigny Vol. I, 1158, p. 312.

[1333] Chronique de Robert de Torigny Vol. I, 1159, p. 322.

[1334] D’Achéry, L. (1648) Beati Lanfranci Cantuarensis Archiepiscopus...Opera Omnia (Paris), Appendix, Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ, p. 8.

[1335] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 463.

[1336] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 463.

[1337] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XLI, p. 314.

[1338] Marx, J. (ed.) (1914) Guillaume de Jumièges, Gesta Normannorum Ducum (Société de l'Histoire de Normandie), p. 333, cited in Chibnall, Vol. III, p. 128.

[1339] Chibnall, Vol. III, p. 128.

[1340] Round (1899) 380, p. 128, and Porée. (1901), Vol. I, p. 347.

[1341] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 463.

[1342] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Du Chesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XLI, p. 314.

[1343] Round (1899) 380, p. 128.

[1344] Domesday Descendants, p. 615.

[1345] Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Infeudationes militum…duci Normanniæ…1172, p. 630.

[1346] Porée, Vol. I (1901), p. 349, citing “Bibl. nat. lat. 12884, fo. 239 et lat. 13905 fo. 27”.

[1347] Actes Henri II, Introduction, p. 383, citing “Ms. latin 13905, fol. 27 v”.

[1348] Porée, Vol. I (1901), p. 350, citing “Bibl. nat. lat. 13905, fo. 27 et lat. 12884, fo. 248”.

[1349] Delisle (1852, 1978), 230, p. 26.

[1350] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 253, 262.

[1351] Actes Henri II, Introduction, p. 383, citing “Ms. latin 12884, part. II, fol. 97”.

[1352] Actes Henri II, Introduction, p. 383, citing “Ms. latin 13905, fol. 27 v”.

[1353] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 255.

[1354] Porée, Vol. I (1901), p. 349, citing “Bibl. nat. lat. 12884, fo. 239 et lat. 13905 fo. 27”.

[1355] Actes Henri II, Introduction, p. 383, citing “Ms. latin 13905, fol. 27 v”.

[1356] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 256.

[1357] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 259.

[1358] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 257.

[1359] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 257.

[1360] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 257.

[1361] Demeulant-Thauré, C ‘La justice de Louis IX : une seigneurie à Courseulles’, p. 9, consulted at <http://docplayer.fr/972150-La-justice-de-louis-ix-une-seigneurie-a-courseulles.html> (11 Mar 2020).

[1362] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 259.

[1363] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1359.

[1364] Porée (1883) Chronique du Bec, p. 17, footnote 7 (continued on p. 18).

[1365] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 257.

[1366] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 259.

[1367] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1359.

[1368] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 259.

[1369] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 257.

[1370] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 259.

[1371] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1359.

[1372] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 261.

[1373] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 253, 262.

[1374] Depoin (1913) Abbecourt-en-Pinserais, p. 29, information provided by Léa Chaillou in an email dated 11 Jul 2018.

[1375] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome II, CCCCLXIII, p. 111.

[1376] Delisle & Passy (1864) Tome II, p. 119.

[1377] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 262-3.

[1378] Round (1899) 380, p. 128.

[1379] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 268-87.

[1380] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 288.

[1381] Chartres Notre-Dame, Vol. I, LXV, p. 164.

[1382] Actes Henri II, Introduction, p. 447.

[1383] Actes Henri II, Introduction, p. 447, citing “Second cartul. du chapitre d’Evreux, p. 54”.

[1384] Actes Henri II, Introduction, p. 447.

[1385] Porée (1883), p. 17, footnote 7.

[1386] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 269.

[1387] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 269.

[1388] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 269.

[1389] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 272.

[1390] Porée (1883), p. 18, footnote 7 continued from p. 17.

[1391] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 272.

[1392] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 272.

[1393] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 272.

[1394] Porée (1883), p. 18, footnote 7 continued from p. 17.

[1395] Porée (1883), p. 18, footnote 7 continued from p. 17.

[1396] Porée (1883), p. 18, footnote 7 continued from p. 17.

[1397] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 89.

[1398] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Warwickshire, p. 105.

[1399] Pipe Roll 2 Hen II (1155/56), Northamptonshire, p. 41.

[1400] Pipe Roll, 4 Hen II (1157/58), p. 169.

[1401] Pipe Roll, 11 Hen II (1164/65), p. 96.

[1402] Domesday Descendants, p. 614.

[1403] Domesday Descendants, pp. 614 and 615.

[1404] Victoria County History, A History of the County of Dorset (1908), Vol. 2, p. 82, available at <http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/dorset/vol2/pp82-86 > (24 Jul 2018).

[1405] Dugdale Monasticon V, Bindon, Dorsetshire, I, p. 657.

[1406] Domesday Descendants, p. 615.

[1407] Dugdale Monasticon V, Bindon, Dorsetshire, I, p. 657.

[1408] Testa de Nevill, Part I, p. 89.

[1409] Dugdale Monasticon V, Bindon, Dorsetshire, II, p. 657.

[1410] Dugdale Monasticon V, Bindon, Dorsetshire, IV, p. 657.

[1411] Pipe Roll, 7 Hen III, pp. 3-4, 68-9.

[1412] Dugdale Monasticon V, Bindon, Dorsetshire, V, p. 658.

[1413] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 6, footnote 4.

[1414] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, p. 39, footnote 5.

[1415] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber III, VII, p. 39.

[1416] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber III, VIII, p. 45.

[1417] Jumièges, Tome I, XXXVI, p. 114.

[1418] Collins, A. (1741) The Peerage of England, Vol. I (London), p. 502.

[1419] Bigelow (1881), Appendix, F, p. 311

[1420] Notre-Dame de la Trappe, XI, p. 191.

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[1422] <https://www.unicaen.fr/puc/sources/ecartae/evreux/consult/actes/Acte_172.xml&hi=sacquenville> (30 Apr 2020).

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[1424] Notre-Dame de la Trappe, VII, p. 190.

[1425] Notre-Dame de la Trappe, X, p. 191.

[1426] <https://www.unicaen.fr/puc/sources/ecartae/evreux/consult/actes/Acte_137.xml> (30 Apr 2020).

[1427] Lesur, R. Granchain, at <https://lagodiniere27.pagesperso-orange.fr/ra06-granchain.html> (24 Apr 2020).

[1428] AD Eure, Abbaye de Lyre, Seigneurie de La Broudière, H528, at <https://archives.eure.fr/ark:/26335/a01141771148151MsHC> (24 Apr 2020).

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[1430] <https://www.unicaen.fr/puc/sources/ecartae/evreux/consult/actes/Acte_235.xml&hi=sacquenville> (30 Apr 2020).

[1431] Johns (2003), Catalogue of seals, 112, p. 224.

[1432] Notre-Dame de la Trappe, VII, p. 190.

[1433] AD Eure, Abbaye de Lyre, Breteuil. Prévôté de la Neuve-Lyre, H535, at <https://archives.eure.fr/ark:/26335/a011417711481pde2x1> (24 Apr 2020).

[1434] e-cartae, Combalbert, G. Actes des évêques d’Evreux (Xie siècle-1223), Acte 245, consulted at <https://www.unicaen.fr/puc/sources/ecartae/evreux/

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[1435] AD Eure, Abbaye de Saint-Sauveur d’Evreux, La Selle, H1363, at <https://archives.eure.fr/ark:/26335/a011417711482tVIaQq> (24 Apr 2020).

[1436] AD Eure, Abbaye de Lyre, Capelles, Plainville, H548, at <https://archives.eure.fr/ark:/26335/a011417711481MBAl2V> (24 Apr 2020).

[1437] AD Eure, Abbaye de Lyre, Capelles, Plainville, H548, at <https://archives.eure.fr/ark:/26335/a011417711481MBAl2V> (24 Apr 2020).

[1438] <http://lemercuredegaillon.free.fr/templiers/renneville/index.html> (24 Apr 2020).

[1439] AD Eure, Chapitre épiscopal d’Evreux, G122, 244, fol. 60v, at <https://archives.eure.fr/ark:/26335/a011417711514yU6Bj3> (24 Apr 2020).

[1440] Douët d’Arcq Sceaux, Tome II, 3496, p. 63. .

[1441] AD Eure, Abbaye de Lyre, Paroisses diverses, H571, at <https://archives.eure.fr/ark:/26335/a011417711481qepiRv> (24 Apr 2020).

[1442] Delisle (1851), p. 165.

[1443] Douët d’Arcq Sceaux, Tome II, 3497, p. 63. .

[1444] Base des actes normands médiévaux, Acte 5777, consulted at < https://www.unicaen.fr/scripta/ead.html?id=scripta&c=scripta_sc_5777> (24 Apr 2020).

[1445] Duchesne (1631) Dreux, Dreux, Preuves, p. 317.

[1446] La Roque (1662), Tome II, pp. 1852, 1861.

[1447] Chantilly Archives, p. 351.

[1448] Duchesne (1631) Dreux, Dreux, Preuves, p. 317.

[1449] Charon ‘Le testament de 1376 de Charles II roi de Navarre’ (2013), pp. 49-90, footnote 117.

[1450] Charon ‘Le testament de 1376 de Charles II roi de Navarre’ (2013), pp. 49-90, footnote 118, citing (for the testament) BnF, PO 1233, doss. 27620 [France], no. 13 (testament) and (for the payment) BnF, PO 636, doss. 38021 [des Landes en Normandie], no. 7.

[1451] Charon ‘Le testament de 1376 de Charles II roi de Navarre’ (2013), pp. 49-90.

[1452] Charon ‘Le testament de 1376 de Charles II roi de Navarre’ (2013), pp. 49-90.

[1453] La Roque (1662), Tome II, p. 1853.

[1454] Troisième cartulaire du chapitre épiscopal d’Evreux, fol. 57r, <https://archives.eure.fr/ark:/26335/a011417711514LlID88> (24 Apr 2020).

[1455] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Accord et transaction, E 3244, , consulted at <https://francearchives.fr/fr/facomponent/8d7a3b2215e78d52d806513b6594e5dc0eb4820b> (23 Apr 2020).

[1456] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 6.

[1457] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Accord et transaction, E 3244 [website above].

[1458] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Accord et transaction, E 3244 [website above].

[1459] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 6.

[1460] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 6, footnote 4, citing AD Seine-et-Oise, E 3246.

[1461] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Accord et transaction, E 3244 [website above].

[1462] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 6.

[1463] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 8.

[1464] BnF Archives et manuscrits, NAF 3601 (cote), Recueil de pièces orginales (1256-1598), Sous-unités de description, 8, consulted at <https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc39956q> (1 May 2020).

[1465] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 7, citing AD Seine-et-Oise, E 3658, and p. 9.

[1466] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 9.

[1467] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Accord et transaction, E 3244, consulted at <https://francearchives.fr/fr/facomponent/8d7a3b2215e78d52d806513b6594e5dc0eb4820b> (23 Apr 2020).

[1468] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 6.

[1469] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Reconnaissance par Jean de Saquainville, E 3247, consulted at <https://francearchives.fr/fr/facomponent/afda4ab277b3d88a8ab631040e5fac35766caf6c> (23 Apr 2020).

[1470] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 7.

[1471] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 8.

[1472] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1473] Cassiaux (1777), Tome I, p. 734, citing “Répert. des titres de la maison de Melun - art. accords, p. 305”.

[1474] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Reconnaissance par Jean de Saquainville, E 3247 [website above].

[1475] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 6.

[1476] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 7, citing AD Seine-et-Oise, E 3670.

[1477] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Reconnaissance par Jean de Saquainville, E 3247 [website above].

[1478] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Reconnaissance par Jean de Saquainville, E 3247 [website above].

[1479] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 7.

[1480] France Archives, Acceuil, Archives nationales, Inventaire - J//941-J//968 - Pièce no. 53, - Sacquet de Blarru chevalier seigneur du Trait, consulted at <https://francearchives.fr/fr/facomponent/749dd691150d158408902da4d2180a2a6d0d1326> (24 Apr 2020).

[1481] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Romans (Fief des). Aveux et dénombrement, E 3640, consulted at <https://francearchives.fr/fr/facomponent/b1270f62077cdc45d96c49d99540ea7795b57f28> (23 Apr 2020).

[1482] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 8.

[1483] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 8.

[1484] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 160.

[1485] Thomas (1889), p. 73.

[1486] France Archives, AD des Yvelines, Inventaire - E art. 43-3993; E/Sup art. 378-949 > Reconnaissance par Jean de Saquainville, E 3247 [website above].

[1487] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 7.

[1488] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 7, citing AD Seine-et-Oise, E 3247.

[1489] Thomas (1889), p. 23.

[1490] Thomas (1889), p. 24, quoting “Advertissements touchans la terre de Rony-lez-Mante, t. CLXXIV - Archives nationales”.

[1491] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 8, citing AD Seine-et-Oise, E 3670.

[1492] BnF Archives et manuscrits, NAF 3601 (cote), Recueil de pièces orginales (1256-1598), Sous-unités de description, 8, consulted at <https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc39956q> (1 May 2020).

[1493] Bertrandy-Lacabane (1880), p. 8.

[1494] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, III, p. 268.

[1495] GND, ii, 94-5.

[1496] Veterum Analectorum, Tome II, Acta Archiepiscoporum Rothomagensium, p. 437.

[1497] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, III, p. 268.

[1498] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, III, p. 268.

[1499] Veterum Analectorum, Tome II, Acta Archiepiscoporum Rothomagensium, p. 437.

[1500] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, III, p. 268.

[1501] Le Prévost ‘Pouillés du diocèse de Lisieux’ (1842-43), p. 9, footnote 5.

[1502] Veterum Analectorum, Tome II, Acta Archiepiscoporum Rothomagensium, p. 437.

[1503] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, IX, p. 362.

[1504] Gallia Christiana, XI, col. 26.

[1505] Veterum Analectorum, Tome II, Acta Archiepiscoporum Rothomagensium, p. 437.

[1506] Le Prévost ‘Pouillés du diocèse de Lisieux’ (1842-43), p. 9, footnote 5.

[1507] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber V, X, p. 253.

[1508] Clarii, Chronico Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensi 1015, MGH SS XXVI, p. 31.

[1509] Chronica Monasterii Casinensis II.37, MGH SS VII, p. 652.

[1510] Rodulfus Glaber III.3, pp. 97-101.

[1511] Chalandon (1907), Tome I, p. 57.

[1512] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber V, X, p. 253.

[1513] Adémar de Chabannes, III, 55, p. 178.

[1514] Clarii, Chronico Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensi 1015, MGH SS XXVI, pp. 30-1.

[1515] Clarii, Chronico Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensi 1015, MGH SS XXVI, pp. 30-1.

[1516] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 9, p. 10.

[1517] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 13, p. 52.

[1518] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, III, p. 268.

[1519] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. I, Liber I, p. 180.

[1520] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, pp. 40-1.

[1521] Clarii, Chronico Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensi 1015, MGH SS XXVI, pp. 30-1.

[1522] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 16, p. 17.

[1523] Jumièges, Tome I, XX, p. 63.

[1524] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[1525] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 487.

[1526] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, pp. 40-1.

[1527] Adémar de Chabannes, III, 55, p. 178.

[1528] ES II 69.

[1529] Clarii, Chronico Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensi 1015, MGH SS XXVI, pp. 30-1.

[1530] Clarii, Chronico Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensi 1015, MGH SS XXVI, pp. 30-1.

[1531] Salazar Acha ‘Estefanía de Pamplona’ (2007), pp. 853-64.

[1532] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, III, p. 268.

[1533] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, pp. 40-1.

[1534] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, III, p. 268.

[1535] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, II, pp. 40-1.

[1536] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 17, p. 59.

[1537] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, IV, p. 64.

[1538] Keats-Rohan ‘Domesday Book and the Malets’ (1997), pp. 13-56, footnote 178.

[1539] Salazar Acha ‘Estefanía de Pamplona’ (2007), pp. 853-64.

[1540] Gallia Christiana, XI, Instrumenta, V, col. 128.

[1541] Actes Henri II, Tome I, CCCCXXIII, p. 550.

[1542] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, I, p. 12.

[1543] Jumièges, Tome I, XX, p. 63.

[1544] Gallia Christiana, XI, Instrumenta, V, col. 128.

[1545] Gallia Christiana, XI, Instrumenta, V, col. 128.

[1546] Houts (2000), p. 214, quoting (in translation) Bouillet, A. (ed.) (1897) Liber Miraculorum sancte Fidis (Paris), pp. 144-5.

[1547] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[1548] Gallia Christiana, XI, Instrumenta, V, col. 128.

[1549] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 129.

[1550] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Wotton Wawen Abbey, Warwickshire III, p. 995.

[1551] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXII, p. 278.

[1552] Neustria Pia, p. 535.

[1553] Robert de Torigny, Vol. II, p. 198.

[1554] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 474.

[1555] RHGF XXIII, Ex Uticensis monasterii necrologio, p. 489.

[1556] Gallia Christiana, XI, Instrumenta, V, col. 128, 131.

[1557] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Wotton Wawen Abbey, Warwickshire I, p. 994.

[1558] Domesday Translation, Berkshire, XLII, p. 154, Hertfordshire, XXI, p. 382, Oxfordshire, XXVII, pp. 433-4, Northamptonshire, XXVII, p. 609.

[1559] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 20, p. 35.

[1560] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 27, p. 38.

[1561] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 8, p. 21.

[1562] Dugdale Monasticon III, York St Mary, V, p. 548.

[1563] ES III.4 705.

[1564] Dugdale Monasticon III, York St Mary, V, p. 548.

[1565] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 27, p. 38.

[1566] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, I, p. 288.

[1567] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, p. 284.

[1568] Domesday Translation, Gloucestershire, XLVI, pp. 464-5, Northamptonshire, XXVI, pp. 608-9, Leicestershire, XV, pp. 637-8, Yorkshire, VII, p. 819, Lincolnshire, XVIII, pp. 916-8.

[1569] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, I, p. 288.

[1570] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, VII, p. 290.

[1571] Broussillon (1895), Tome I, 27, p. 38.

[1572] Domesday Translation, Oxfordshire, XXXIIII, p. 437, Nottinghamshire, XXI, p. 779, Yorkshire, VIII, pp. 819-21, Lincolnshire, XIX, p. 918.

[1573] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, p. 284.

[1574] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, p. 284.

[1575] Early Yorkshire Charters I, 642, p. 507.

[1576] Domesday Translation, Lincolnshire, XVIII, pp. 916-8.

[1577] Stenton (Danelaw, 1920), Newhouse, 238, p. 170.

[1578] Waters (1882), pp. 21-4, 28. Horace Round is highly critical of Waters’s edition (Round, J. H. (1909) Feudal England (London), The Lindsey Survey (1115-1118), p. 182-3), but there appears no reason to doubt the accuracy of the names of the persons which are recorded.

[1579] CP IX 578.

[1580] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Lincolnshire, p. 114.

[1581] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, XII, p. 291.

[1582] Cluny, Tome V, 3748, p. 102.

[1583] Dugdale Monasticon V, Thetford Priory, Norfolk, I, p. 148.

[1584] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 147.

[1585] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, VII, p. 290.

[1586] Regesta Regem Anglo-Normannorum (1956), Vol. II, Appendix, CLXXIX, p. 356.

[1587] Dugdale Monasticon III, Belvoir Priory, Lincolnshire, VIII, p. 290.

[1588] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Norfolk, p. 93.

[1589] Rye (1876), p. 13.

[1590] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Wotton Wawen Abbey, Warwickshire III, p. 995.

[1591] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 127.

[1592] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, XV, p. 238.

[1593] Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores X (1652), Radulphus de Diceto, Abbreviationes Chronicorum, cols. 476-7.

[1594] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 129.

[1595] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, V, p. 81.

[1596] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, VI, p. 93.

[1597] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XI, p. 121.

[1598] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XIV, p. 148.

[1599] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, pp. 401-2.

[1600] Bayeux (Livre noir), Tome I, II, p. 3.

[1601] Round (1899) 625, p. 219.

[1602] Domesday Translation, Berkshire, XLVII, p. 156, Hertfordshire, XXII, p. 382, Gloucestershire, XLV, p. 464, Worcestershire, XV, pp. 486-7, Herefordshire, VIII, pp. 505-6.

[1603] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XIV, p. 348.

[1604] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, LXXXIII, p. 463.

[1605] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 404.

[1606] Gallia Christiana, XI, Instrumenta, V, col. 128.

[1607] Actes Henri II, Tome I, CCCCXXIII, p. 550.

[1608] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, pp. 403-4.

[1609] Duchesne (1631), Broyes et Châteauvillain, Preuves, p. 6.

[1610] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, pp. 402-3.

[1611] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XIV, p. 345.

[1612] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 129.

[1613] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, pp. 402-3.

[1614] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XIV, p. 348.

[1615] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XIV, p. 350.

[1616] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, pp. 402-3.

[1617] Gallia Christiana, XI, Instrumenta, V, col. 128.

[1618] Actes Henri II, Tome I, CCCCXXIII, p. 550.

[1619] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 404.

[1620] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 404.

[1621] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 55.

[1622] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 146.

[1623] CP XII/1 762.

[1624] Dugdale Monasticon VI.1, Christ Church, Aldgate, London, VI, p. 152.

[1625] Gallia Christiana, XI, Instrumenta, V, col. 128.

[1626] Actes Henri II, Tome I, CCCCXXIII, p. 550.

[1627] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 55.

[1628] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 55.

[1629] Dugdale Monasticon VI.1, Christ Church, Aldgate, London, VI, p. 152.

[1630] Dugdale Monasticon VI.1, Christ Church, Aldgate, London, VI, p. 152.

[1631] Dugdale Monasticon VI.1, Christ Church, Aldgate, London, VI, p. 152.

[1632] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XLI, p. 314.

[1633] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, p. 128, citing Marx, J. (ed.) (1914) Guillaume de Jumièges, Gesta Normannorum Ducum (Société de l'Histoire de Normandie), p. 333.

[1634] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, p. 128, citing Porée, A. A. (1901) Histoire de l'abbaye du Bec, 2 vols. (Evreux), Vol. I, p. 347.

[1635] Round (1899) 380, p. 128.

[1636] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 463.

[1637] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 55.

[1638] Eyton (1857), Vol. V, p. 149, footnote 16.

[1639] Albert of Aix, III, 27, p. 358, cited in Runciman (1978), Vol. 1, p. 193.

[1640] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 404.

[1641] CP VII 526 footnote a. .

[1642] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber II, Cap. IV, p. 302.

[1643] William of Tyre X.I, pp. 401-2.

[1644] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber III, Cap. XXVII, p. 358.

[1645] Stapleton ([1856]), pp. 2 and 33.

[1646] Gesta Guillelmi Ducis (Duchesne, 1619), p. 179.

[1647] Le Prévost ‘Mémoire sur la châsse de Saint-Taurin d’Evreux’ (1828), p. 377-83.

[1648] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[1649] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[1650] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Bec Abbey, II, p. 1068.

[1651] Gallia Christiana, Tome XI, Instrumenta, V, col. 68.

[1652] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Bec Abbey, II, p. 1068.

[1653] Stapleton ([1856]), p. 33.

[1654] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCI, p. 199.

[1655] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[1656] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XXXVII, p. 441.

[1657] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, 16, p. 430

[1658] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXVII, p. 152.

[1659] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XXXVII, p. 441.

[1660] Chartres Saint-Père, Tome I, XXVII, p. 152.

[1661] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XVI, p. 430.

[1662] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XXII, p. 432.

[1663] Round (1899), 82, p. 23.

[1664] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario monasterii Montisburgensis, p. 554.

[1665] Rouen Sainte-Trinité, XVI, p. 430.

[1666] Round (1899), 82, p. 23.

[1667] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Carisbrooke Priory, Isle of Wight, I, p. 1041.

[1668] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 147.

[1669] Round (1899), 82, p. 23.

[1670] CP IV 310 footnote a.

[1671] Bayeux (Livre noir), Tome I, VI, p. 10.

[1672] Domesday Translation, Cheshire, p. 724.

[1673] Domesday Descendants, pp. 283 and 657.

[1674] Acte 2502, dans SCRIPTA. Base des actes normands médiévaux, dir. Pierre Bauduin, Caen, CRAHAM-MRSH, 2010-2019, at <https://pdnprod.unicaen.fr/scripta/ead.html?id=scripta&c=scripta_sc_2502> (20 Nov 2022).

[1675] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes I, 441, p. 186.

[1676] Chantilly Archives, p. 119.

[1677] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario monasterii Montisburgensis, p. 555.

[1678] Chantilly Archives, p. 119.

[1679] Chantilly Archives, p. 119.

[1680] Chantilly Archives, p. 126.

[1681] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario monasterii Montisburgensis, p. 554.

[1682] Chantilly Archives, p. 119.

[1683] Chantilly Archives, p. 119.

[1684] Chantilly Archives, p. 119.

[1685] Chantilly Archives, p. 119.

[1686] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber II, X, p. 228.

[1687] Nevers Saint-Cyr, 10, p. 24.

[1688] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Prieuré de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan, p. 239.

[1689] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 12, p. 12, citing Gallia Christiana XI, instr. col. 200.

[1690] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1062, MGH SS XXIII, p. 793.

[1691] Yves de Chartres, Epistola 45, Patrologia Latina, Tome 162, col. 57.

[1692] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1062, MGH SS XXIII, p. 793.

[1693] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 343, Pièces justificatives, III.

[1694] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1062, MGH SS XXIII, p. 793.

[1695] Yves de Chartres, Epistola 45, Patrologia Latina, Tome 162, col. 57.

[1696] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber V, X, p. 253.

[1697] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. XLIV, p. 171.

[1698] Douet-d’Arcq (1855), p. lxv, quoting Félibien Histoire de l’abbaye de Saint-Denis pr. ii partie, p. clxix.

[1699] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 471.

[1700] Jumièges, Tome I, XVI, p. 53.

[1701] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. XLIV, p. 171.

[1702] Jumièges, Tome I, XVI, p. 53.

[1703] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 205.

[1704] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. XLIV, p. 171.

[1705] Jumièges, Tome I, XXVI, p. 76.

[1706] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 471.

[1707] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 346, Pièces justificatives, V.

[1708] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Prieuré de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan, p. 241.

[1709] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 471.

[1710] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 346, Pièces justificatives, V.

[1711] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[1712] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XIII, p. 338.

[1713] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1062, MGH SS XXIII, p. 793.

[1714] Yves de Chartres, Epistola 45, Patrologia Latina, Tome 162, col. 57.

[1715] Round (1899) 326, p. 111.

[1716] Ship List of William the Conqueror, Houts (2000), p. 130.

[1717] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 409.

[1718] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. III, Book V, p. 135.

[1719] Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ (1648), p. 6.

[1720] Chronicon Beccensis Abbatiæ (1648), p. 6.

[1721] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. XLIV, p. 171.

[1722] ES III 729 A.

[1723] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. XLIV, p. 171.

[1724] Gallia Christiana, Tome XI, Instrumenta, col. 199.

[1725] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. II, Book III, p. 13, and Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 207.

[1726] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 17, p. 19.

[1727] Dugdale Monasticon V, Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire III, p. 269.

[1728] CP VII 522.

[1729] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, III, p. 268.

[1730] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XI, p. 121.

[1731] Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris, p. 22.

[1732] William of Poitiers, p. 211, cited in CP VII 522 footnote d.

[1733] Round (1899) 320, p. 109.

[1734] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 33, p. 36.

[1735] CP VII 522.

[1736] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 41, p. 95.

[1737] Domesday Translation, Dorset, XXVIII, p. 214.

[1738] CP VII 524.

[1739] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXII, p. 278.

[1740] Beaumont-le-Roger Sainte-Trinité, A, II, p. 2.

[1741] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXV, pp. 426-7.

[1742] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[1743] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XIII, p. 338.

[1744] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1062, MGH SS XXIII, p. 793.

[1745] Yves de Chartres, Epistola 45, Patrologia Latina, Tome 162, col. 57.

[1746] Round (1899) 326, p. 111.

[1747] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[1748] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXV, p. 427.

[1749] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[1750] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber IV, IV, p. 184.

[1751] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 33, p. 36.

[1752] ES III 700.

[1753] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 189.

[1754] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, IV, p. 269.

[1755] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XIV, p. 148.

[1756] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XXV, p. 427.

[1757] Saint-Wandrille, Appendice, 41, p. 95.

[1758] Domesday Translation, Warwickshire, XVI, pp. 656-9.

[1759] Beaumont-le-Roger Sainte-Trinité, A, II, p. 2.

[1760] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XIII, p. 337.

[1761] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 205-7 and 211.

[1762] CP VII 525.

[1763] Ex Chronico Rotomagensi, RHGF XII, p. 784.

[1764] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Saint-Père-enVallée, p. 190.

[1765] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario Lirensis monasterii, p. 472.

[1766] Albert of Aix, III, 27, p. 358, cited in Runciman (1978), Vol. 1, p. 193.

[1767] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber V, XIII, p. 404.

[1768] CP VII 526 footnote a. .

[1769] This is assumed to be the latest possible birth date of Elisabeth in light of the birth of her first two known children in 1104.

[1770] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, IV, p. 480.

[1771] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XL, p. 278.

[1772] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Prieuré de Saint-Nicaise de Meulan, p. 238

[1773] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 47.

[1774] ES III 700.

[1775] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 21.

[1776] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 21.

[1777] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXIX, p. 307.

[1778] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VIII, XXXVII, p. 312.

[1779] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DLXXVI, p. 161.

[1780] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 21.

[1781] Gesta Stephani Regis, I, p. 74.

[1782] CP XII/2, pp. 727-8.

[1783] CP II 69.

[1784] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. V, Liber XIII, XXXVI, p. 104.

[1785] Willelmi Gemmetencis Historiæ (Duchesne, 1619), Liber VII, XXXVIII, p. 289.

[1786] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 333.

[1787] Saint-Ymer-en-Auge II, p. 3.

[1788] Saint-Ymer-en-Auge III, p. 5.

[1789] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 333.

[1790] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 488.

[1791] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 333.

[1792] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 333.

[1793] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 333.

[1794] ES III 700.

[1795] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 21.

[1796] CP VII 527.

[1797] CP VII Appendix I, p. 737.

[1798] Round (1899) 171, p. 60.

[1799] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, II, 386, p. 290.

[1800] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1166, p. 359.

[1801] Pontoise Saint-Martin, p. 322.

[1802] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 457.

[1803] Chronicon Valassense, p. 8.

[1804] William of Newburgh Historia, ed. Hearne, p. 705, quoted in CP XII/2 836, footnote m.

[1805] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1166, p. 359.

[1806] Notre-Dame de la Trappe R.I, p. 442.

[1807] CP VII Appendix I, p. 738.

[1808] Chronicon Valassense, p. 49.

[1809] Round (1899) 171, p. 60.

[1810] Douet d’Arcq (1855), Introduction, p. xc, quoting “A. I. Cartulaire de Gournai, LL, 1417”.

[1811] Round (1899) 171, p. 60.

[1812] Round (1899) 171, p. 60.

[1813] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, II, 386, p. 290.

[1814] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, II, 386, p. 290.

[1815] Notre-Dame de la Trappe R.V, p. 444.

[1816] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1359.

[1817] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, III, 483, p. 71, and Douet d’Arcq (1855), Introduction, p. xc.

[1818] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, III, 466, p. 42.

[1819] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, p. 241, footnote 292.

[1820] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 122.

[1821] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 409, and Tome VIII, p. 397.

[1822] For example ES III 703 A.

[1823] Douet d’Arcq (1855), Introduction, p. xc.

[1824] Hahn (1864), p. 39 (where Béatrix is misnamed Emme).

[1825] Douet d’Arcq (1855), p. 13.

[1826] Lannoy, Tome X, XXX, p. 659.

[1827] Molesme, Tome II, 592, p. 463.

[1828] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, III, 483, p. 71, and Douet d’Arcq (1855), Introduction, p. xc.

[1829] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, 504, p. 95.

[1830] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome III, 504, p. 95.

[1831] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome III, 505, p. 96.

[1832] Douet d’Arcq (1855), p. 144.

[1833] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 122.

[1834] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 409.

[1835] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, II, 386, p. 290.

[1836] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, II, 386, p. 290.

[1837] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Le dernier comte de Meulan : Robert II’, p. 5 (no source cited).

[1838] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, II, 386, p. 290.

[1839] Actes Henri II, Tome II, DCXXVIII, p. 238.

[1840] Broussillon (1893), Tome I, 177, p. 114.

[1841] Guyard de la Fosse (1850), Preuves, XVII.

[1842] Bodard de la Jacopière (1872), Renvoi E², p. 596, quoting Coll. Housseau, Vol. VI, n^o. 2135.

[1843] Gesta Guillelmi Majoris Andegavensis Episcopi, Spicilegium II, p. 161.

[1844] Broussillon (1893), Tome I, 239, p. 161.

[1845] Ex Chronico Savigniacensis Monasterii, RHGF XVIII, p. 352.

[1846] Obituaire de la Cathédrale d'Angers.

[1847] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 69, 197.

[1848] Morandière (1903), p. 31, citing "Archives de Valmont" (no precise citation reference).

[1849] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 69, 199.

[1850] Père Anselme, Tome II, pp. 408-12.

[1851] Round (1899) 171, p. 60.

[1852] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, II, 386, p. 290.

[1853] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1166, p. 359.

[1854] Notre-Dame de la Trappe R.V, p. 444.

[1855] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Fascicule 3, Appendix, p. 259, quoting A. N. LL 1397 fol. 22.

[1856] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1359.

[1857] La Roque, Tome III, p. 52.

[1858] La Roque, Tome III, pp. 50.

[1859] Notre-Dame du Bon-Port, X, p. 8.

[1860] Pontoise Saint-Martin, p. 324.

[1861] Notre-Dame du Bon-Port, XV, p. 12.

[1862] Delisle & Passy (1862), Vol. I, p. 211.

[1863] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cc, citing “Roll of Letters Patent” (no precise citation reference).

[1864] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, pp. cc-cci (no source citation).

[1865] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cci.

[1866] CP VII Appendix I, pp. 739-40.

[1867] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cci.

[1868] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. ccii.

[1869] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Le dernier comte de Meulan : Robert II’, p. 18 (no source citation), consulted at <http://www.meulan-patronyme.fr/textes/Robert%20II.pdf> (15 Mar 2020).

[1870] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cciii.

[1871] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1166, p. 360.

[1872] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cciii.

[1873] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cciii.

[1874] Notre-Dame du Bon-Port, XII, p. 10.

[1875] Journal Encyclopédique, Année 1780, Tome VII, Partie II, pp. 323, 325.

[1876] Delisle & Passy (1862), Vol. I, p. 211.

[1877] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cxcviii.

[1878] Delisle & Passy (1862), Vol. I, p. 210.

[1879] Veterum Scriptorum, Tome I, col. 986.

[1880] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cxcviii.

[1881] Rotuli de Liberate (1844), p. 36.

[1882] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cxcix (no source citations).

[1883] Morice (1742) Preuves, Tome I, col. 798.

[1884] ES III 702.

[1885] RHGF, Tome XXIV, Querimoniæ Normannorum, 286, p. 38.

[1886] ES III 702.

[1887] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 406.

[1888] La Roque, Tome I, Second table after p. 60, and Tome II, p. 2036.

[1889] La Roque, Tome III, p. 52.

[1890] ES III 702.

[1891] Père Anselme, Tom II, p. 406.

[1892] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cci.

[1893] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cci.

[1894] Dugdale Monasticon V, Forde Abbey, Devonshire I, p. 381.

[1895] Dugdale Monasticon V, Quarr Abbey, Isle of Wight, V, p. 317.

[1896] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Le dernier comte de Meulan : Robert II’, p. 18 (no source citation).

[1897] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cxcviii, footnote continued from previous page.

[1898] Notre-Dame du Bon-Port, X, p. 8.

[1899] Coulstock, P. H. (1993) The Collegiate Church of Wimborne Minster (Boydell), pp. 100-1.

[1900] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cxcviii, footnote continued from previous page.

[1901] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cc.

[1902] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cc (no source citation).

[1903] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cc (no source citation).

[1904] Rotuli Chartarum, 5 John, p. 104.

[1905] Anonymi Continuatio appendicis Roberti de Monte ad Sigebertum, RHGF XVIII, p. 342.

[1906] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, pp. 267-8.

[1907] Testa de Nevill, Part 1, p. 92.

[1908] La Roque, Tome I, p. 79.

[1909] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 406.

[1910] Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, pp. 267-8.

[1911] La Roque, Tome I, pp. 78-9.

[1912] RHGF, Tome XXIV, Querimoniæ Normannorum, 286, p. 38.

[1913] Notre-Dame du Bon-Port, XV, p. 12.

[1914] Delisle & Passy (1862), Vol. I, p. 211.

[1915] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Le dernier comte de Meulan : Robert II’, p. 13 (no source citation).

[1916] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 326, footnote 372 quoting Cartulaire de Saint-Nigaise, “Roth. diocesis, V”.

[1917] Jumièges, Tome II, CXL, p. 77.

[1918] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 327, footnote 372 (continued from previous page) citing “Chartrier de la Roche-Guyon”.

[1919] La Roque (1662), Tome I, Table généalogique du Livre I (second chart), following Preface p. 60, and pp. 74, 310.

[1920] La Roque (1662), Tome I, p. 311.

[1921] I am grateful to Bert M. Kamp for his insights into the question of this alleged [Jeanne] de Meulan/Robert [II] d’Harcourt marriage.

[1922] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. ccix.

[1923] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cxcix, cxcix, cci.

[1924] Rotuli Litterarum Patentium, 4 John, p. 27.

[1925] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cci.

[1926] Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniæ, Vol. II, p. cxcviii.

[1927] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 122.

[1928] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 409.

[1929] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, II, 386, p. 290.

[1930] Notre-Dame de la Trappe R.V, p. 444.

[1931] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1359.

[1932] Douet d’Arcq (1855), Introduction, p. xc, quoting “A. I. Cartulaire de Gournai, LL, 1417”.

[1933] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, 495, p. 83.

[1934] Delisle & Passy (1869), Tome III, p. 11.

[1935] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 180-1.

[1936] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, 635, p. 241.

[1937] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, 636, p. 243.

[1938] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome III, 677, p. 277.

[1939] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome III, 776, p. 372.

[1940] RHGF XXIII, Ex Necrologio monasterii crucis sancti Leufredi, p. 478.

[1941] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, 495, p. 83.

[1942] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 179-80.

[1943] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 411.

[1944] Bories (1906), pp. 476-7, quoting “Cartulaire Normand. et Coll. Du Vexin, XIV, 756”.

[1945] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, 636, p. 243.

[1946] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 477.

[1947] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, 636, p. 243.

[1948] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, 636, p. 243.

[1949] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, p. 241, footnote 292.

[1950] Gallia Christiana, Tome VIII, Instrumenta, LXXXIV, col. 353, and Recueil contenant les extraits faits par Vyon d’Hérouval à la Chambre des comptes et au Trésor des chartes concernant le comté de Meulan (“Vyon d’Hérouval”), 47/61 of the digital copy at Gallica.

[1951] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 122, 170.

[1952] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, p. 241, footnote 292.

[1953] Gallia Christiana, Tome VIII, Instrumenta, LXXXIV, col. 353, and Recueil contenant les extraits faits par Vyon d’Hérouval à la Chambre des comptes et au Trésor des chartes concernant le comté de Meulan (“Vyon d’Hérouval”), 47/61 of the digital copy at Gallica.

[1954] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, Supplément, p. 23 [at end of book, only found in digitised copy on Gallica website].

[1955] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, Supplément, p. 7 [at end of book, only found in digitised copy on Gallica website].

[1956] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 479.

[1957] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome III, 776, p. 372.

[1958] Layettes des Trésors des Chartes, Vol. II, 1911, p. 115.

[1959] Gallia Christiana, Tome VII, Instrumenta, CXXVI, col. 98.

[1960] Fontenay le Marmion, Appendice, 1, p. 173.

[1961] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 122, 171-5.

[1962] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Le dernier comte de Meulan : Robert II’, p. 18 (no source citation).

[1963] RHGF, Tome XXI, p. 221.

[1964] RHGF, Tome XXI, p. 243.

[1965] RHGF, Tome XXI, pp. 289, 320.

[1966] Demeulant-Thauré ‘La justice de Louis IX’, p. 5.

[1967] Bliss (1893), Vol. I, p. 185.

[1968] Annales de Burton, p. 377.

[1969] Matthew Paris, Vol. V, 1257, p. 613.

[1970] Annales de Dunstaplia, p. 400.

[1971] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, 636, p. 243.

[1972] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome III, 677, p. 277.

[1973] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, Supplément, p. 7 [at end of book, only found in digitised copy on Gallica website].

[1974] Charpillon & Caresme (1879), Tome II, p. 173 (no citation reference).

[1975] Gallia Christiana, Tome VIII, Instrumenta, LXXXIV, col. 353, and Vyon d’Hérouval, 47/61 of the digital copy at Gallica.

[1976] Gallia Christiana, Tome VII, Instrumenta, CXXVI, col. 98.

[1977] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, Supplément, p. 7 [at end of book, only found in digitised copy on Gallica website].

[1978] Lebeuf, Tome IV (1883), p. 486.

[1979] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome IV, 957, p. 115.

[1980] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome IV, 972, p. 125.

[1981] RHGF, Tome XXIII, pp. 725-6.

[1982] RHGF, Tome XXIII, pp. 727-8.

[1983] Charpillon & Caresme (1879), Tome II, p. 173 (no citation reference).

[1984] Charpillon & Caresme (1868), Tome I, p. 902, citing Cartulaire de Saint-Taurin (no precise citation reference).

[1985] Boutaric (1863), Tome I, 30, p. cccxix.

[1986] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1359.

[1987] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 362.

[1988] Lebeuf, Tome IV (1883), p. 486.

[1989] Delisle (1852, 1978), 501, pp. 89-90.

[1990] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 478.

[1991] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 479.

[1992] Delisle (1852, 1978), 501, pp. 89-90.

[1993] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 182.

[1994] La Roque (1662), Vol. III, p. 103.

[1995] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 183.

[1996] La Roque (1662), Vol. III, p. 103.

[1997] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 183-5.

[1998] La Roque (1662), Vol. II, p. 2044.

[1999] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 183-4.

[2000] La Roque (1662), Vol. II, p. 2044.

[2001] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 183-4.

[2002] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 183-4.

[2003] RHGF, Tome XXII, p. 561.

[2004] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, 636, p. 243.

[2005] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome III, 677, p. 277.

[2006] Gallia Christiana, Tome VIII, Instrumenta, LXXXIV, col. 353, and Recueil contenant les extraits faits par Vyon d’Hérouval à la Chambre des comptes et au Trésor des chartes concernant le comté de Meulan (“Vyon d’Hérouval”), 47/61 of the digital copy at Gallica.

[2007] La Roque (1662), Vol. II, p. 2041.

[2008] La Roque (1662), Vol. II, p. 2041.

[2009] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 159, and Vol. III, pp. 56-7.

[2010] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome IV, 957, p. 115.

[2011] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome IV, 972, p. 125.

[2012] RHGF, Tome XXIII, pp. 725-6.

[2013] RHGF, Tome XXIII, pp. 727-8.

[2014] Charpillon & Caresme (1868), Tome I, p. 902, citing Cartulaire de Saint-Taurin (no precise citation reference).

[2015] RHGF, Tome XXIII, pp. 476-8.

[2016] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 160.

[2017] La Roque (1662), Vol. II, p. 2042.

[2018] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome IV, 892, p. 70.

[2019] Chantilly Archives, p. 103.

[2020] La Roque (1662), Vol. II, p. 2042.

[2021] Chartres Saint-Jean-en-Vallée, 338, p. 165.

[2022] Douët-d’Arcq Sceaux, Tome I, 2831, p. 670.

[2023] Douët-d’Arcq Sceaux, Tome I, 2830, p. 670.

[2024] RHGF, Tome XXIII, pp. 476-8.

[2025] Douët-d’Arcq Sceaux, Tome I, 2831, p. 670.

[2026] Douët-d’Arcq Sceaux, Tome I, 2830, p. 670.

[2027] Douët-d’Arcq Sceaux, Tome I, 2830, p. 670.

[2028] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 750.

[2029] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 787.

[2030] Olim, Tome II, p. 142, III, and Boutaric (1863), Tome I, 2225, p. 214.

[2031] Boutaric (1867), Tome II, 3461, p. 45.

[2032] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 810.

[2033] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 821.

[2034] RHGF, Tome XXIII, pp. 477-8.

[2035] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 122.

[2036] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 169.

[2037] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs III, p. 241, footnote 292.

[2038] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 122, 170.

[2039] Delisle (1852, 1978), 501, pp. 89-90.

[2040] Delisle (1852, 1978), p. 90, footnote (1), Gallia Christiana, Tome VII, col. 528, Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1158, p. 35.

[2041] Demeulant-Thauré, C ‘La justice de Louis IX : une seigneurie à Courseulles’, p. 9, consulted at <http://docplayer.fr/972150-La-justice-de-louis-ix-une-seigneurie-a-courseulles.html> (11 Mar 2020).

[2042] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, Supplément, p. 7 [at end of book, only found in digitised copy on Gallica website].

[2043] Delisle (1852, 1978), 782, p. 179.

[2044] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1625.

[2045] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1359.

[2046] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, Supplément, p. 23 [at end of book, only found in digitised copy on Gallica website].

[2047] Delisle (1852, 1978), p. 179, footnote (1).

[2048] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 362.

[2049] Demeulant-Thauré ‘La justice de Louis IX’, p. 9.

[2050] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 259.

[2051] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1359.

[2052] Delisle (1852, 1978), p. 179, footnote (1).

[2053] Porée (1883) Chronique du Bec, p. 17, footnote 7 (continued on p. 18).

[2054] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1256, p. 105.

[2055] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1252, 1256, pp. 101, 105, and La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1626.

[2056] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1266, p. 114.

[2057] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1285, p. 132.

[2058] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1625.

[2059] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1252, 1256, pp. 101, 105, p. 101, and La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1626.

[2060] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1266, p. 114.

[2061] Carolus-Barré ‘Renaut seigneur de Dargies’, Vol. II (1969), pp. 704 and 717, quoting Archives dép. Oise, H 4276 (fonds de l’abbaye cistercienne de Beaupré). [Information provided by Bert M. Kamp to the author in a private email dated 31 Dec 2011]

[2062] Newman (1971), table Dargies. [Information provided by Bert M. Kamp to the author in a private email dated 19 Jul 2010]

[2063] Héraldique et Généalogie (1996), p. 368, and (2000), p. 94. [Information provided by Bert M. Kamp in a private email to the author dated 19 Jul 2010]..

[2064] Delisle & Passy (1864), Tome II, p. 128.

[2065] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 122, 176-8.

[2066] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1252, 1256, pp. 101, 105, p. 101, and La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1626.

[2067] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1266, p. 114.

[2068] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, Supplément, p. 23 [at end of book, only found in digitised copy on Gallica website].

[2069] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1256, p. 105.

[2070] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1252, 1260, pp. 101, 110, and La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1626.

[2071] Porée (1883) Chronique du Bec, p. 44.

[2072] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1266, p. 114.

[2073] Paris Saint-Martin-des-Champs, Tome V, 1285, p. 132.

[2074] Demeulant-Thauré ‘La justice de Louis IX’, p. 10.

[2075] Lebeuf, Tome IV (1883), p. 487.

[2076] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 821.

[2077] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Au temps des derniers Capétiens directs’, p. 10, citing “37 H. 10-61 – A.D. Nord)”, consulted at <https://docplayer.fr/32591446-Au-temps-des-derniers-capetiens-directs.html> (11 Mar 2020).

[2078] Saint-Genois (1806), Tome II, p. 85, and Olim, Tome II, p. 675.

[2079] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘La malédiction des Templiers’, p. 3, citing “B.1172 – 5387 - A.D. Nord”, consulted at <http://docplayer.fr/45158849-La-malediction-des-templiers.htmll> (15 Mar 2020).

[2080] Saint-Genois (1806), Tome II, p. 40.

[2081] Demeulant-Thauré ‘La malédiction des Templiers’, p. 4, citing “B.1172 – 5387 - A.D. Nord”.

[2082] Demeulant-Thauré ‘Au temps des derniers Capétiens directs’, p. 10, citing “37 H. 10-61 – A.D. Nord)”.

[2083] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[2084] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[2085] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Les débuts d’une guerre de Cent Ans’, p. 2, consulted at <http://www.meulan-patronyme.fr/textes/Un%20Valois.pdf> (15 Mar 2020), citing “4 G. 727-7043 – A.D. Nord”, and Demay, G. Inventaire des sceaux de Flandre, no. 1321.

[2086] Demeulant-Thauré ‘Les débuts d’une guerre de Cent Ans’, p. 5, citing “B. 19 999 (19 533) – A.D. Nord, vidimus dated 5 Jun 1624”.

[2087] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1968.

[2088] Delachenal, Tome I (1910), p. 39.

[2089] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Au temps de Jean II le Bon, du dauphin Charles et des réformateurs’, p. 5, consulted at <http://www.meulan-patronyme.fr/textes/Jean%20II%20le%20Bon.pdf> (15 Mar 2020).

[2090] Père Anselme, Tome V, p. 158, and Tome II, p. 410.

[2091] La Roque (1662), Tome IV, p. 1242.

[2092] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[2093] Demeulant-Thauré ‘Au temps de Jean II le Bon’, p. 18.

[2094] Demeulant-Thauré ‘Les débuts d’une guerre de Cent Ans’, p. 5, citing “7 G. 339-5814 – A.D. Nord”.

[2095] Saint-Genois (1806), Tome II, p. 40.

[2096] Demeulant-Thauré ‘Les débuts d’une guerre de Cent Ans’, p. 4, no citation reference.

[2097] Furgeot (1920), Tome I.

[2098] Demeulant-Thauré ‘Au temps de Jean II le Bon’, p. 18.

[2099] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 403.

[2100] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 161.

[2101] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1628.

[2102] Saint-Genois (1806), Tome II, p. 40.

[2103] RHGF, Tome XXIII, pp. 476-8.

[2104] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1628.

[2105] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, p. 161.

[2106] Père Anselme, Tome VI, p. 676.

[2107] Demeulant-Thauré ‘Les débuts d’une guerre de Cent Ans’, p. 4, no citation reference.

[2108] Furgeot (1920), Tome I.

[2109] Demeulant-Thauré ‘Les débuts d’une guerre de Cent Ans’, p. 11, no citation reference.

[2110] Furgeot (1960), Tome II, 7968, p. 233.

[2111] Demeulant-Thauré ‘La malédiction des Templiers’, p. 4, citing “B.1172 – 5387 - A.D. Nord”.

[2112] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[2113] Morice (1742) Preuves, Tome I, col. 1291.

[2114] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[2115] RHGF, Tome XXIII, p. 479.

[2116] Richemond (1908), Vol. II, pp. 96-7.

[2117] Richemond (1908), Vol. II, p. 96.

[2118] Furgeot (1960), Tome II, 8175, p. 249.

[2119] Furgeot (1960), Tome II, 8756, p. 296.

[2120] Furgeot (1960), Tome II, 8759, p. 296.

[2121] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1628.

[2122] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 411.

[2123] La Roque (1662), Vol. IV, p. 1631.

[2124] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 411.

[2125] La Perrine, Necrologium, p. 57.

[2126] La Chesnaye-Desbois (1773), Tome VI, p. 359.

[2127] Demeulant-Thauré ‘Au temps de Jean II le Bon’, p. 18.

[2128] Polonovski ‘Noble lignée Hambie-Painel’ (Oct-Dec 1994), no. 5, p. 257.

[2129] La Roque (1662), Tome III, p. 378.

[2130] Polonovski ‘Noble lignée Hambie-Painel’ (Oct-Dec 1994), no. 27, p. 261.

[2131] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 164-5.

[2132] La Roque (1662), Vol. III, p. 58.

[2133] La Roque (1662), Vol. I, pp. 164, 167.

[2134] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410, and Tome VIII, p. 96.

[2135] Morandière (1903), p. 114, no citation references.

[2136] Chantilly Archives, p. 119.

[2137] Chantilly Archives, p. 119.

[2138] Chantilly Archives, p. 119.

[2139] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[2140] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[2141] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[2142] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[2143] Père Anselme, Tome II, p. 410.

[2144] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome II, DCXXXIV, p. 318.

[2145] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome II, DCXXI, p. 301.

[2146] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome I, Introduction, p. LI.

[2147] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome II, DCXXXVI, p. 320.

[2148] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome II, DXXVI, p. 169, and footnote 1.

[2149] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome II, p. 320, footnote 2.

[2150] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome II, DXCI, p. 270.

[2151] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. LV, p. 180.

[2152] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 9, p. 10.

[2153] Delisle (1867), Pièces justificatives, 22, p. 26.

[2154] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. XLV, p. 172.

[2155] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. LV, p. 180.

[2156] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 343, Pièces justificatives, III.

[2157] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 343, Pièces justificatives, III.

[2158] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 344, Pièces justificatives, III and IIIb.

[2159] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 346, Pièces justificatives, V.

[2160] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 344, Pièces justificatives, III.

[2161] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 344, Pièces justificatives, III.

[2162] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 344, Pièces justificatives, III.

[2163] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 344, Pièces justificatives, III.

[2164] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 343, Pièces justificatives, III.

[2165] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. XLV, p. 172.

[2166] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 343, Pièces justificatives, II.

[2167] ES III 701 A.

[2168] Pontoise Saint-Martin, Appendice, p. 343, Pièces justificatives, III.

[2169] Chartres Saint-Père I, Cap. XLVIII, p. 175.

[2170] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. LI, p. 177.

[2171] Chartres Saint-Père I, Cap. LXXIV, p. 199.

[2172] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. LI, p. 177.

[2173] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. LXII, p. 189.

[2174] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. LX, p. 186.

[2175] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. LX, p. 186.

[2176] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Septimus, Cap. LXII, p. 189.

[2177] Chartres Saint-Père I, Cap. XLVIII, p. 175.

[2178] Chartres Saint-Père I, Cap. XLVIII, p. 175.

[2179] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome I, XLII, p. 58.

[2180] Josaphat Notre-Dame, Tome I, XLII, p. 58.

[2181] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Le dernier comte de Meulan : Robert II’, p. 5 (no source cited).

[2182] Jumièges, Tome II, CLVIII, p. 104.

[2183] Jumièges, Tome II, CLVIII, p. 104.

[2184] Demeulant-Thauré, C. ‘Le dernier comte de Meulan : Robert II’, p. 5 (no source cited).

[2185] Le Prévost ‘Anciennes divisions territoriales de la Normandie’ (1837-39), p. 1.

[2186] Vita Hludowici Imperatoris 56, MGH SS II, p. 642.

[2187] Mabille ‘Les invasions normandes dans la Loire’ (1869), Pièces Justificatives, XII, p. 451.

[2188] Saint-Pére de Chartres I, 73, p. 199.

[2189] Chartres Saint-Père I, Liber Sextus, Cap. VI, p. 117.

[2190] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Nécrologe du xi siècle, p. 10.

[2191] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Saint-Père-enVallée, p. 186.

[2192] Nogent-le-Rotrou V, p. 13.

[2193] Nogent-le-Rotrou L, p. 118.

[2194] Nogent-le-Rotrou VI, p. 19, and Cluny, Tome IV, 3517, p. 633.

[2195] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 609, p. 350.

[2196] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Saint-Père-enVallée, p. 184.

[2197] Motey (1920), p. 153.

[2198] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 395.

[2199] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, p. 161.

[2200] Nogent-le-Rotrou XLIX, p. 116.

[2201] Nogent-le-Rotrou VI, p. 19, and Cluny Tome IV, 3517, p. 633.

[2202] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. II, Liber III, XIV, p. 148.

[2203] Nogent-le-Rotrou VII, p. 24, and Cluny Tome IV, 3563, p. 698.

[2204] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, V, pp. 301-2.

[2205] Marmoutier-Perche, 16, p. 28.

[2206] Nogent-le-Rotrou X, p. 36.

[2207] Nogent-le-Rotrou VII, p. 24, and Cluny Tome IV, 3563, p. 698.

[2208] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1063, MGH SS XXIII, p. 794.

[2209] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 14, MGH SS XIII, pp. 254-5.

[2210] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 161 and 331, and Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 395.

[2211] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 397.

[2212] Tiron Sainte-Trinité VI, p. 17.

[2213] Nogent-le-Rotrou XI, p. 39.

[2214] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 301 and 331.

[2215] Nogent-le-Rotrou VII, p. 24, and Cluny Tome IV, 3563, p. 698.

[2216] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, V, p. 302.

[2217] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 14, MGH SS XIII, pp. 254-5.

[2218] Dugdale Monasticon VI.3, College of St Mary, Warwick I, p. 1326.

[2219] Pipe Roll 31 Hen I (1129/30), Wiltshire, p. 23.

[2220] RHGF XXIII, Ex Obituario ecclesiæ Ebroicensis, p. 463.

[2221] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, V, p. 302.

[2222] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VII, X, p. 197.

[2223] Orderic Vitalis (Prévost), Vol. III, Liber VIII, XII, p. 335.

[2224] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 14, MGH SS XIII, pp. 254-5.

[2225] Tiron Sainte-Trinité XXII, p. 39.

[2226] Tiron Sainte-Trinité XXXIII, p. 53.

[2227] Nogent-le-Rotrou XXVII, p. 86.

[2228] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, RHGF XII, p. 422.

[2229] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 23, RHGF XII, p. 424.

[2230] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 51, RHGF XII, p. 436.

[2231] Documents historiques Limousin bas-Latins (1883), Tome I, Obituaire de Saint-Marciale, p. 72.

[2232] Nogent-le-Rotrou VI, p. 19, and Cluny Tome IV, 3517, p. 633.

[2233] Nogent-le-Rotrou VI, p. 19, and Cluny Tome IV, 3517, p. 633.

[2234] Cluny, Tome IV, 3563, p. 698.

[2235] Nogent-le-Rotrou XLIX, p. 116.

[2236] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 187, p. 117.

[2237] Marmoutier-Dunois, Cartæ Prioratuum Dunensium, CL, p. 138.

[2238] Marmoutier-Dunois, Cartæ Prioratuum Dunensium, CLXIV, p. 155.

[2239] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 121, p. 80.

[2240] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 142, p. 91.

[2241] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 187, p. 117.

[2242] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 288, p. 170.

[2243] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 142, p. 91.

[2244] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 288, p. 170.

[2245] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 142, p. 91.

[2246] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 187, p. 117.

[2247] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 142, p. 91.

[2248] ES III 691.

[2249] Mabille ‘Collection Dom Housseau’ (1864), Tome XIV, 2800, p. 336, citing ‘Archives de Marmoutier’.

[2250] Mabille ‘Collection Dom Housseau’ (1864), Tome XIV, 2871, p. 347, citing ‘St. Martin - Pancarte blanche, fo. 126’.

[2251] Mabille ‘Collection Dom Housseau’ (1864), Tome XIV, 3006, p. 368, citing ‘Archiv. de St. Martin, layette d’Oé’.

[2252] Mabille ‘Collection Dom Housseau’ (1864), Tome XIV, 3009, p. 369, citing ‘Archiv. de Bonlieu’.

[2253] Dom Villevieille (Passier), Tome II, p. 117.

[2254] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 142, p. 91.

[2255] Le Mans Saint-Vincent, Liber primus, 142, p. 91.

[2256] Nogent-le-Rotrou VI, p. 19, and Cluny Tome IV, 3517, p. 633.

[2257] Nogent-le-Rotrou VI, p. 19, and Cluny Tome IV, 3517, p. 633.

[2258] Marmoutier-Dunois, Cartæ Prioratuum Dunensium, CXI, p. 131.

[2259] Marmoutier-Perche, 16, p. 28.

[2260] Marmoutier-Dunois, Cartæ Prioratuum Dunensium, CL, p. 138.

[2261] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. IV, Book VIII, pp. 301 and 331.

[2262] Nogent-le-Rotrou VII, p. 24, and Cluny Tome IV, 3563, p. 698.

[2263] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 14, MGH SS XIII, pp. 254-5.

[2264] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. V, Book IX, p. 34, and Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 395.

[2265] William of Tyre I.XVII, p. 45.

[2266] Nogent-le-Rotrou X, p. 36.

[2267] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XIII, pp. 394-6 and 401.

[2268] ES III 689.

[2269] Tiron Sainte-Trinité XXXIII, p. 53.

[2270] Lacarra 'Documentos para la reconquista del valle del Ebro' (1952) 308, p. 533.

[2271] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 405.

[2272] Marmoutier-Perche, 21, p. 33.

[2273] CP XI Appendix D, pp. 112-3.

[2274] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1144, p. 234.

[2275] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Saint-Père-enVallée, p. 188.

[2276] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XIII, p. 399.

[2277] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 41.

[2278] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 14, MGH SS XIII, pp. 254-5.

[2279] Domesday Descendants, p. 236.

[2280] Nogent-le-Rotrou XI, p. 39.

[2281] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 74.

[2282] William of Malmesbury, 419, p. 364.

[2283] William of Tyre XIV.I, p. 607.

[2284] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1162, MGH SS XXIII, p. 845.

[2285] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1144, p. 234.

[2286] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire du xii siècle, p. 33.

[2287] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 41.

[2288] William of Tyre XIV.I, p. 607.

[2289] Tiron Sainte-Trinité XXXIII, p. 53.

[2290] Orderic Vitalis (Chibnall), Vol. VI, Book XI, p. 41, and William of Tyre XIV.I, p. 607.

[2291] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1144, p. 234.

[2292] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1144, p. 234.

[2293] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 56, RHGF XII, p. 439.

[2294] Notre-Dame des Clairets, I, p. 65.

[2295] Hugo Falcandus, 34, p. 159.

[2296] Romoaldi Annales, MGH SS XIX, p. 429.

[2297] William of Tyre XX.III, pp. 944-5.

[2298] Chronique de Robert de Torigny I, 1144, p. 234.

[2299] Hugo Falcandus, 55, p. 218.

[2300] Robert de Torigny, Vol. I, 1144, p. 234.

[2301] Nogent-le-Rotrou VIII, p. 32.

[2302] Notre-Dame des Clairets, I, p. 65.

[2303] Matthew Paris, Vol. II, 1191, p. 370.

[2304] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1152, MGH SS XXIII, p. 841.

[2305] Troyes Necrologies, 2 Obituaire de Saint-Etienne, III Fondations établies en l'église royale de Troyes, p. 271.

[2306] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire du xii siècle, p. 30.

[2307] Notre-Dame des Clairets, II, p. 66.

[2308] Villehardouin (1963), 1, p. 31, and 4, p. 39.

[2309] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire du xii siècle, p. 55.

[2310] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye des Clairets, p. 281.

[2311] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire du xii siècle, p. 56.

[2312] Benedict of Peterborough, Vol. 2 1189, p. 70.

[2313] Notre-Dame de la Trappe XX, p. 16.

[2314] Notre-Dame des Clairets, II, p. 66.

[2315] Chartres Notre-Dame, Tome II, 159, p. 21.

[2316] Notre-Dame des Clairets, IV, p. 70.

[2317] Duchesne (1631), Guines, Preuves, p. 356.

[2318] Duchesne (1631), Guines, Preuves, p. 359.

[2319] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye des Clairets, p. 281.

[2320] Notre-Dame de la Trappe XX, p. 16.

[2321] Notre-Dame des Clairets, II, p. 66.

[2322] Chartres Notre-Dame, Tome II, 159, p. 21.

[2323] Notre-Dame des Clairets, IV, p. 70.

[2324] Dugdale Monasticon VI.2, Bradsole Abbey, Kent III, p. 941.

[2325] Notre-Dame des Clairets, V, p. 72.

[2326] Notre-Dame de la Trappe S.II, p. 451.

[2327] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye des Clairets, p. 281.

[2328] Matthew Paris, Vol. III, 1217, pp. 21-2, and p. 23.

[2329] Florentii Wigornensis Monachi Chronicon, Continuatio, p. 172.

[2330] Delisle ‘Notice sur le cartulaire du comté de Rethel’ (1867), 2ème partie, 17, p. 16.

[2331] Notre-Dame de la Trappe S.II, p. 451.

[2332] ES III 686.

[2333] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 1917, p. 118.

[2334] Delisle ‘Notice sur le cartulaire du comté de Rethel’ (1867), 2ème partie, 30, p. 18.

[2335] William of Tyre Continuator XXVIII.IV, p. 255.

[2336] Notre-Dame des Clairets, II, p. 66.

[2337] Chartres Notre-Dame, Tome II, 159, p. 21.

[2338] Villehardouin (1963), 1, p. 31, and 4, p. 39.

[2339] Villehardouin (1963), 5, p. 47.

[2340] Notre-Dame des Clairets, IV, p. 70.

[2341] Villehardouin (1963), 16, p. 120.

[2342] Annales Sancti Petri Catalaunensis, MGH SS XVI, p. 490.

[2343] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1190, MGH SS XXIII, p. 866.

[2344] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1201, MGH SS XXIII, p. 879.

[2345] Annales Sancti Petri Catalaunensis Continuatio, MGH SS XVI, p. 490.

[2346] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1214, MGH SS XXIII, p. 904.

[2347] Notre-Dame de la Trappe S.II, p. 451.

[2348] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye des Clairets, p. 281.

[2349] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1226, MGH SS XXIII, p. 918.

[2350] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Obituaire xiv siècle, p. 130.

[2351] Obituaires de Sens Tome IV, Prieuré de Fontaines, p. 191.